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Topic: Shtetl

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	EPYC \| Places \| Shtetl
		Shtetl Jews migrated by the thousands into nearby larger cities and, when possible, to the "promised lands" of America and Palestine, carrying with them the time-honored immigrant hope of finding a better life.
		The shtetl was large enough to support some Jewish institutions, and it was also small enough to be a deeply personal place, where neighbors knew one another intimately and watched over each other, with all the consequences both positive and negative that such insularity brought.
		Nevertheless, the shtetl was a quintessentially Jewish locale, and for that reason, after World War II it became the mythologized representation of the pre-destruction Jewish life of a bygone era.
	epyc.yivo.org /content/8_1.php (782 words)

	The Shtetl
		Shtetl - Little city, small town, village - in particular, the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, where the remarkable culture of the Ashkenazim flourished before World War II.
		The shtetl was the incubator and fortress of Ashkenazi culture.
		The Rabbi of any shtetl always led his congregation with great dignity and was highly respected by all Jews.
	www.templesanjose.org /JudaismInfo/history/shtetl.htm (1089 words)

	Road to the Shtetl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to the shtetl, the Children of Israel have survived solely because of the Covenant made with God in accepting His Law.
		Some outsiders, who question the historicity of the event, nevertheless hold that the idea of the Covenant is responsible for the survival of a folk whose material culture had all but disappeared from the land that was their home, leaving the Wailing Wall as the traditional concrete evidence of their sway.
		It is the Covenant with God, says the shtetl, that has enabled a weak and homeless people to survive the great empires of Egypt and Babylon, Greece and Rome, Byzantium and Islam, and has caused their sacred books to enter into the Holy Writ of half the world.
	www.d.umn.edu /~kmaurer/Fiddler/RoadtoShtetl.html (2043 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Of Flying Fiddlers & the Gefilte Fish Line
		The word "shtetl" is Yiddish, and it means "little town." Shtetls were small market towns in Russia and Poland that shared a unique socio-cultural community pattern during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
		Thousands of shtetls existed in Eastern Europe at the turn of the 20th century, and while many of Jewish communities shared a similar organizational structure, they were not all the same.
		Shtetls were market towns, and, as such, their residents, Jewish and Gentile, merchant and farmer, buyer and seller, conducted daily business transactions and maintained social contacts as well
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Modern/ModernReligionCulture/Shtetl.htm (808 words)

	POLAND, CRACOW, CASIMIR, AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU AND OŚWIĘCIM WITH A GUIDE. SHTETL. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shtetl could mean only a little town in Eastern Europe, inhabited by Jews,either exclusively or in its majority.
		But while each Shtetl was a little town, the opposite cannot be said: that each little town was a Shtetl.
		hole the cultural uniqueness of a Galicean Shtetl was made by its inhabitants and their daily occupations, as original as matchmaker, circumciser or matzoh baker.
	republika.pl /polin_travel/shtetl_en.html (546 words)

	SHTETL LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
		The predecessor to shtetls were known as kahals, semi autonomous communities in which the residents were allowed to manage their own affairs as long as they paid their taxes.
		The shtetls was a place where, perhaps because of limited choice, people came together in a spiritual community.
		Perhaps the modern version of the shtetl can be seen in the kibbutz, or the moshavs of Israel, places where the spirit of community is essential and where the politics of statehood do not interfere with the nurturing of its citizens.
	www.bethyam.org /Shtetl.htm (1165 words)

	CNN - 'There Once Was A World: A 900-Year Chronicle of the Shtetl of Eishyshok' - March 8, 1999
		Given that shtetl life was for hundreds of years the predominant mode of existence for the majority of East European Jewry, and that during that period Eastern Europe was the principal domain of the Jews, the shtetl had clearly played a central role in Jewish cultural history.
		It is true, of course, that each shtetl had its own distinctive character, its own folklore, which varied according to geographic location, political and economic conditions, level of scholarship, patterns of leadership, relations between Jews and Gentiles, and so forth.
		In this shtetl as in so many others, the Jews lived and thrived in the midst of pagan, Muslim, and Christian neighbors, managing to be both of that world and apart from it, for many centuries.
	www.cnn.com /books/beginnings/9903/there.once (6423 words)

	Wild Times in the Old Shtetl / Magic and mysticism are part of daily life for four friends in the 19th century
		Shtetls (the word is a diminutive of the Yiddish shtot, ``town'') were self-contained villages whose populations were predominantly or wholly Jewish; they endured in Eastern Europe until the Holocaust.
		There are few real conflicts; the men in the shtetl are all mensches who treat women with a respect bordering on veneration.
		Nevertheless, Nattel pulls off a memorable feat of re-creation with ``The River Midnight.'' Her research on shtetl culture is thorough to a fault: A five-page bibliography at the end of the book cites sources on topics as diverse as tzarist economics and crime among 19th century Jews.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/03/07/RV38453.DTL (727 words)

	The Shtetl as Covenantal Landscape, by Professor David G. Roskies
		The shtetl was reclaimed as the place of common origin (even when it wasn't), the source of a collective folk identity rooted in a particular historical past and, most importantly, as the locus of a new, secular covenant.
		In the shtetl's last chapter, the surviving sons and daughters of the European catastrophe became the scribes of a new, collective scripture.
		As tradition and modernity once rubbed shoulders on the shtetl streets, so are grainy images of the lost home juxtaposed with photos of well-dressed shtetl sons and daughters in their far-flung promised lands.
	www.west.net /~jazz/felshtin/issue3/covenant.html (1671 words)

	Shtetl: Comments
		I did not have an opportunity to develop the credibility question too much during the panel discussion but the bablings of Yaffa Eliach are open to serious questions.Every time she relates the story of the so-called Ejszyszki pogrom, it varies in the telling.Yet, it was a major part of the film.
		"Shtetl" tells the story of how, on a single day in November 1942, some 2,500 Jews who lived in the small Polish "shtetl" (Yiddish for "little village") of Bransk were rounded up and shipped to their deaths in Treblinka's gas chambers.
		Since the filmmaker, Marian Marzynski, has himself noted that "Shtetl" was not meant to be a documentary, this fact should be brought up to local school boards and to state boards of education where "Shtetl" may be shown.
	www.logtv.com /films/shtetl/comments.html (14261 words)

	Jankel's Shtetl - The Jewish Hamlet in Eastern Europe
		Simultaneously the streets of the shtetl were busy with Jewish life and from these streets originated the tradional dishes such as gefilte fish and shnaps.
		With the rise of the Zionist movement, and the foundation of the State of Israel, the Shtetl culture was pushed aside and rejected in the attempt to create a new breed of Jews - the Israeli Jew.
		An important contribution towards the finalization of the vision of Jankel's Shtetl came from the fact that Gadi Jakob lived for some period of time in the "Kolkhoz" in the region of Stavropol which is situated in Eastern Europe.
	www.mnemotrix.com /jankel (840 words)

	frontline: shtetl \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To commemorate National Holocaust Remembrance Week, FRONTLINE travels back in time to a family shtetl, a small village in Bransk, Poland, with producer Marian Marzynski.
		As a child, Marzynski escaped the Warsaw ghetto and was raised by Christians.
		The film captures these pilgrims as they face old neighbors, some who were betrayers, others who were saviors to the Jews of Bransk.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shtetl (121 words)

	Demythologizing the Shtetl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The contrast between shtetl and shtot is reflected in the respective Yiddish adjectives kleinshtetldik (smalltownish, provincial) and groisshtotish (Large-townish, cosmopolitan).
		Opatov—"Apt," was a "typical" shtetl: it was an old Jewish community founded in the 15th century, with a synagogue known in Poland for its antiquity and beautiful inner decorations.
		The theme of decline, even decay, of the shtetl is not new; it is part of the theme of the decline and decay of Jewish life and Jewish existence in the Diaspora.
	www.history.umd.edu /Faculty/BCooperman/NewCity/Shtetl.html (5575 words)

	Eva Hoffman: Shtetl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is the "life" in her subtitle as much as the "death" that interests Eva Hoffman in "Shtetl", her history of Poles and Jews in Poland as seen through the history of a small town near the border with the former Soviet Union.
		Hoffman's project is certainly worthy, and the book she has produced amply proves her point, that the history of the Poles and the Jews is morally complicated.
		The solidity of the argument does not rescue "Shtetl" (the word means small town in Yiddish) from dryness and abstraction.
	www.dialog.org /hist/hof.html (844 words)

	The Tailor Shop, Threads of our Past - Life in the Shtetl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The home of the individual was the basic unit in the culture and life style of the shtetl: it was founded on a patriarchal and closely knit structure on traditional lines.
		His home was the place where the shtetl Jew enjoyed his Yidishkeyt in the serenity and peace of Sabbath, in the rituals of the Passover seder, or in the dignity and holiness of the High Holidays.
		The majority of the shtetl population lived in poverty, where the major problem was to earn enough during the week in order to be able to buy a chicken or a fish for Sabbath, or to save up enough money for Passover mazzot.
	www.reiterblitzer.com /chapter4_continued6.html (1367 words)

	Community and Identity in the interwar Shtetl
		Moreover some Shtetl newspapers-such as a full run of the Gluboker lebn and the Gluboker shtime-have survived.3 These are a priceless resource, especially when the historian remembers their limitations.4 All these sources, when used with care, enable the historian to examine the major contours of social and communal life in the interwar Polish Shtetl.
		The shtetl culture was pluralistic and flexible enough to nourish new social attitudes, and this tendency was especially marked in the interwar period.
		Of all the new changes affecting the interwar shtetl, one of the most significant was the advent of the youth movements.60 Although the great ideological movements that swept Eastern European Jewry had begun before World War 1, they did not become mass movements until the postwar period, and their vital core was the youth organizations.
	www.eilatgordinlevitan.com /kurenets/k_pages/stories_interwar.html (7928 words)

	79.02.02: From The Shtetl To The Tenement: The East European Jews and America, A Social History 1850-1925
		Although members of the shtetl did business with each other, their economy was based on trade with the peasants of the countryside.
		For the Jews of the shtetl the Sabbath and other religious holidays were a time to forget their daily problem’s and hardships and to reflect on the richness of their heritage.
		With the conclusion of the Sabbath the shtetl Jews went back to their everyday life of scrimping, working and saving in an effort to escape generations of poverty and perhaps the confines of the shtetl itself.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/2/79.02.02.x.html (5937 words)

	FORWARD : FacesForward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Spearheaded by Eliach and her organization, the Shtetl Foundation, Sunday's groundbreaking ceremony — attended by Israel's president, Moshe Katsav, and the former chief rabbi, Yisrael Meir Lau — marks the transition of Eliach's shtetl from concept to reality.
		Her hair piled high atop her head in her trademark fashion, speaking to the Forward in her fl-walled, fl-carpeted East Side apartment — which doubles as the Shtetl Foundation office — she is vivacious and talkative, sharing photographs from a lifetime of Holocaust scholarship and activism.
		Eliach is using her own hometown of Eishyshok, Lithuania, as the shtetl's model, but she plans to incorporate elements from shtetls across Europe as well as examples of how Sephardic communities lived.
	www.forward.com /issues/2003/03.06.06/faces.html (1010 words)

	The Books: There Once Was A World by Yaffa Eliach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Confronted with the near total disappearance of the world of the shtetl, Eliach was indefatigable in her search for the truth--of a people, a place, a culture.
		Some of what she found was as familiar as the chicken soup on a Jewish table, or an image from a painting by Chagall; other findings were more unexpected.
		Her profound understanding of medieval history illuminates her description of early Lithuania, the last pagan country in Europe and the only one where Jews lived on equal terms with the rest of the population.
	www.twbookmark.com /books/78/0316232521 (446 words)

	200 Years of History of the Shtetl Shumsk (Translation of1946 article)
		Facts, stories, and legends that are tied deeply with David of Shumsk, founder and builder of Shumsk, whose descendents already number the tenth generation, and who now find themselves in America.
		However, Jews there did not complain about the towns which made their shtetl unknown, as long as they could live there peacefully and draw their livelihood from all of the goods which mother earth brought them there.
		The quiet waters which flowed there were a source of subsistence, but for the Jews of Shumsk the shtetl Shumsk had historical significance.
	www.sonic.net /~shumsker/shumsk/shumsk.relief.article.html (1700 words)

	Archives: Story
		In “Everything Is Illuminated,”; the film adaptation of Jonathan Safran Foer’s acclaimed novel, Trachimbrod is the imaginary Jewish shtetl near the Polish-Ukrainian border wiped out by the Nazis.
		Instead, the shtetl, spelled Trochenbrod and once home to about 5,000 Jews, is the birthplace of Betty Potash Gold, a Beachwood resident.
		They woke to shots; the Nazis had killed the remaining slave laborers in their shtetl.
	www.clevelandjewishnews.com /articles/2005/11/03/news/local/film1104.txt (1531 words)

	The Shtetl
		I can think of no better way to introduce you to Jewish Telechan than to tell you about Shtetl life.
		Telechan, in most ways, was a typical shtetl.
		"Shtetl - Little city, small town, village-in particular, the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, where the remarkable culture of the Ashkenazim flourished before World War II.
	www.ajzenberg.com /Book/39.htm (768 words)

	Shtetl CO-OP Initiatives Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shtetl CO-OPs consist of groups of volunteers with a common interest in an ancestral town.
		The Shtetl CO-OP concept is an outgrowth of our own experience and a reflection of the success of the JewishGen ShtetLinks project which emphasizes the value of cooperative research and sharing.
		The initial Shtetl CO-OPs were formed for the indexing and/or data entry of the LDS microfilms of the Warsaw and Bialystok Jewish vital records.
	www.jewishgen.org /jri-pl/jri-plin.htm (908 words)

	SHTETL
		A shtetl or shtetele-German: städtlein, meaning ("little town/city") was typically a small town or village with a large Jewish population before WW II.
		Shtetls (Yiddish :shtetlach) found in the areas which constituted the 19th century Pale of settlement in the Empire of Russia, Congres Kingdom of Poland, Galicia and Romania.
		Publication, reproduction, use in advertising or for purpose of trade is prohibited without written permission
	www.shtetl.info (65 words)

	Devora Publishing - The Inexhaustible Wellspring (Book)
		Modern science, philosophy, thought and reason owe a great debt to the Jewish ghettos that comprised shtetl life in Europe.
		Contrary to popular belief, the shtetl was not a place where fiddlers on the roof watched the world pass them by.
		The author presents clear, historical data to show that many great minds which grew out of the shtetl refused to shed their Jewishness in order to achieve fame in the world at large.
	www.devorapublishing.com /Wpages/BookSpecific/Wellspring3753.htm (280 words)

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