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	The Shuar and the Saraguros
		Shuar control was further reduced with the establishment of a Franciscan mission in what became the town of San José de Yacuambi (also known as "28 de Mayo").
		Traditionally the Shuar lived in isolated houses (sometimes two or three were near each other), along or near rivers navigable by dugout canoe (in most Shuar territory rivers are fast moving, shallow, and have rocky bottoms; canoes are thus propelled by polling rather than with paddles).
		Salazar, Ernesto, The Federación Shuar and the Colonization Frontier, pp.
	www.saraguro.org /shuar.htm (2310 words)

	Shuar
		The Shuar are the second largest and one of the most studied Amazonian groups.
		The Shuar's geographic locale with the escarpment of the Andes to the west and unnavigable rapids in the rivers to the east has protected them from outside interference and has helped them retain their independence.
		The word Jívaro has no meaning in the Shuar language, and they have rejected it both because it is a term foreign to their culture and because of its historic negative association with "savages" and headhunting.
	abyayala.nativeweb.org /ecuador/shuar (0 words)

	Cazadores de cabezas
		De hecho, el guerrero shuar a entonado una canción que a perdurado hasta el presente y que dice así: "Nací para sacrificarme y para morir peleando por la tierra".
		El enemigo podría ser otro shuar o un miembro de otra tribu, como los achuar que eran sus enemigos tradicionales; pero, a veces, era un sistema más complicado de guerra entre clanes que había durado generaciones.
		Los shuar creían que el mundo a su alrededor no era más que un pálido reflejo de una realidad más profunda, un mundo espiritual más allá de lo que podían percibir los sentidos.
	www.geocities.com /mysteryplanet2/CA/shuar.htm (2851 words)

	Shuar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shuar are popularly depicted in a wide variety of travelogue and adventure literature because of Western fascination with their former practice of shrinking human heads (tzantza).
		From the time of first contact with Europeans in the 16th century, to the formation of the Shuar Federation in the 1950s and 1960s, Shuar were semi-nomadic and lived in separate households dispersed in the rainforest, linked by the loosest of kin and political ties, and lacking corporate kin-groups or centralized or institutionalized political leadership.
		Shuar believed that if a person in possession of an arútam wakaní died a peaceful death, they would give birth to a new wakaní; if someone in possession of an arútam wakaní were killed, they would give birth to a muísak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shuar (1504 words)

	Shrunken heads
		The greatest aspiration of a young Shuar male was to become a renowned warrior.
		The Shuar believed that a killer acquired the strength of his victim, and warriors with many kills to their name were held in awe and greatly feared.
		The lips show no sign of perforation which results from the "chonta-wood" pins used by the Shuar during the preparation, as well as the lips are sewn with light threads instead of a heavy cotton string.
	death.monstrous.com /shrunken_heads.htm (2096 words)

	Ecuadorian Shuar and Achuar Indians Say NO to Burlington Oil Company
		Shuar and Achuar elders, children, women and men have walked seven hours from their rainforest communities to present a denouncement against the U.S. oil company, Burlington Resources, and demand that the government enforce their territorial and organizational collective rights.
		The Shuar and their allies view the move as a power play to continue community negotiations but without losing time on their contract, which expires in several years.
		Shuar women and elders commence in a traditional dance in front of the police barricade, singing and shouting in their native tongue.
	www.rtis.com /reg/bcs/pol/touchstone/sum02/04.HTM (1936 words)

	Shuar Amerindians, Part II - Amazon Jungle Guides
		This is a large drum used by the Shuar and Achuar in the natem (ayahuasca) ceremony, and for long-distance communication.
		Throughout the process, the Shuar calls on Ayumpum, the spirit of life and death, so that no one takes revenge on him and so that the victim does not come to life, as he has been sacrificed so that justice be done.
		In this way justice is established once again, and the community is able to live in peace and joy The celebration ends with singing, dancing, and a large banquet at which everyone eats as much as he can.
	www.minelinks.com /ecuador/shuar_1.html (805 words)

	Shuar of Ecuador
		The Shuar are a group of Indians belonging to the Jivaroan Language Family.
		The Shuar live in and around the Rio Upano valley which is generally near the upper amazon and towards the east in the lower amazon basin.
		Prior to this time the Shuar were notorious for being the fiercest of Indians with a habit of taking the heads of the their enemies for the purpose of making shrunken heads.
	www.uweb.ucsb.edu /~eschniter/AMAZONIA/JIVARO/shuar.html (259 words)

	Shuara, a language that refused to die - Brief Article UNESCO Courier - Find Articles
		Shuar families were enthusiastic from the start about a system which did not require them to send their children away to austere Salesian boarding schools where they would be cut off from their environment and culture.
		The ministry of education has authorized the work of "tele-auxiliaries", Shuar teachers paid by the government or local volunteers who receive a wage for helping children to listen and learn from the radio programmes while the teacher attends to pupils at another grade.
		The Shuar are rightly proud of being pioneers, not just in Ecuador but worldwide, and are not deterred by the current serious problems of their country, crushed by heavy foreign debt, massive financial crisis and a plan to make the U.S. dollar the national currency which may have grave consequences for the poorest Ecuadorians.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_2000_April/ai_62382652 (897 words)

	[No title]
		SHUAR: talking with Ecuadorian Amazon medicine men Elisabet Sahtouris with Wendy Girard Nunink, translator ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Shuar people live among the Ecuadorian rivers that are headwaters of the Amazon, in the foothills of the Andes, and up to the altiplano highlands of Peru.
		Shuar people never eat boa, because it is sacred, but to the mermaid it was meat, like pork.
		In this moment, everything changed forever after for all the Shuar people, for the husband knew instantly that woman must be honored and respected, her rights and her dignity upheld.
	www.ratical.org /LifeWeb/Articles/shuar.txt (4052 words)

	Shuar - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Shuar, formerly Jivaro, an indigenous people of South America, numbering about 20,000, divided into four large groups and apparently constituting a...
		Shuar: see also Native Americans of Middle and South America
		Native Americans: Amazon Basin Culture Area, art and architecture, languages and language families of the region, maps, peoples of the region,...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Shuar.html (93 words)

	Cultural Survival
		In addition, it is part of a larger effort by the Shuar to revive and strengthen cultural traditions before they are lost completely beneath the wave of acculturating influences resulting from colonization in the region of the national society.
		The Shuar Federation, an impressive and effective Indian organization operative since 1964, was brought into being by colonists, ironically, largely through the efforts of the Salesian missionaries to help the Shuar defend their lands.
		Many Shuar children ended up choosing spouses in the missions, contrary to traditional Shuar matrimonial arrangements, and many preferred, once their schooling was finished, to continue living close by the missions, rather than returning to their home communities.
	www.cs.org /publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=338 (1064 words)

	Cultural Survival
		The sophisticated Shuar Bilingual-Bicultural Radio School program is a reflection of the equally sophisticated Shuar Federation which, with the approval of the Ministry of Educational, runs the schools.
		In the early 1960s the Shuar faced an unprecedent crisis; their territory, previously unviolated due to the Shuar's fierce reputation (heightened by the imagery of the shrunken heads of their enemies suspended from the roof beams), was being invaded successfully by colonists from the adjacent Andean highlands.
		Initially, to establish an acceptable land use program for the defense of their lands, the Shuar obtained substantial funds for a cattle program that provides credit and technical assistance to the centros but is administered by the federation.
	www.culturalsurvival.org /publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=702 (1419 words)

	Shuar's knowledge of fauna - Amazon Jungle Guides
		The Shuar, knows these two well-differentiated seasons, he knows the time in which the animals breed.
		The forest of the Amazon Region is populated by many varieties of animals, of different sizes and with different characteristic that the Shuar knows and uses rationally.
		The knowledge of the Shuar, is also vast in the field of the invertebrates and insects.
	www.kanada.net /ecuador/fauna.html (735 words)

	Native American Indian Cultures - Shuar Indians
		In addition to the Shuar, there are three other sub-tribes of the Jivaro, they are the Ashuar, the Aguaruna, and the Huambisa.
		The Shuar have a population of approximately seventy-three thousand, while the Huambisa in Peru have an approximate population of fifty-five hundred; both tribes occupy the basins of the Santiago, Yaupi, Zamora, and Morona rivers.
		Jivaro is the name that linguists and anthropologists have assigned to the Amazon tribes Shuar, Huambisa, Aguaruna, Achuar and Shiviar who share the same language with slight variations in dialect.
	indian-cultures.com /Cultures/shuar.html (976 words)

	Campaign Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Shuar work closely with the Achuar (a related indigenous group) in a strategy of resistance to all oil development on their traditional lands.
		The court case was backed up by direct action, including a demonstration of hundreds of Shuar and Achuar members in Macas, and the occupation of an airstrip by a thousand people.
		FIPSE’s lawsuit was based on the concept that the organized Shuar community had the right to preserve its customs and to engage a representative body to negotiate in defense of its territory.
	www.advocacynet.org /cpage_view/amazonoil_fipse_17_72.html (528 words)

	Ritual Shuar Music of Ecuador - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta
		Among the Shuar living on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador are a number of shamans (spiritual healers).
		To cure a patient, the Shuar shaman drinks a hallucinogenic brew called natema in order to go into a trance and gain the assistance of spiritual helpers.
		In this example of a shaman’s curing song, the shaman first whistles to alert his spirit helpers.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461532887/Ritual_Shuar_Music_of_Ecuador.html (132 words)

	Spirit of the Shuar: Wisdom from the Last Unconquered Peoples of the Amazon
		We Shuar are taught to read people, to peer through the fluttering leaves they smile at us; with the gringos, we see that they lack the fire that burns in the hearts of our people, they are longing for love.
		She was an expert on plants and greatly revered by her own eight children, as well as the Shuar girls who often came to help in her gardens and study under her.
		The Shuar have become beggars, begging the mission for food and education, begging visitors for shirts and stupid wrist watches, begging.
	netmar.com /~maat/archive/jan1/shuar.htm (3577 words)

	[No title]
		SHUAR: talking with Ecuadorian Amazon medicine men Elisabet Sahtouris with Wendy Girard Nunink, translator ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Shuar people live among the Ecuadorian rivers that are headwaters of the Amazon, in the foothills of the Andes, and up to the altiplano highlands of Peru.
		In Shuar, the word is uwishin (pronouned oo-wee-sheen')-- a healer who works with medicinal plants and with spirit powers.
		In this moment, everything changed forever after for all the Shuar people, for the husband knew instantly that woman must be honored and respected, her rights and her dignity upheld.
	www.ratical.com /LifeWeb/Articles/shuar.txt (4052 words)

	Ecuador Travel Guide . Jungle Cultures
		Recently, the Huaorani are perhaps equaled only by their Shuar neighbors to the south for their reputation as a ferociously independent group, hostile to outside intrusions and willing to resort to violence to defend their territory.
		The Shuar's geographic location with the backdrop of the Andes to the west and angry rapids in the rivers to the east has protected them from outside interference and has helped them retain their independence.
		Their history is a good example of the devastating impact of Western civilization as their numbers collapsed from possibly more than 100,000 to seven, and the Zaparo may now possibly be on their way to extinction.
	www.ecuador-travel-guide.org /regions/Culture_Jungle.htm (902 words)

	Shuara: a language that refused to die
		Shuar families were enthusiastic from the start about a system which did not require them to send their children away to austere Salesian boarding schools where they would be cut off from their environment and culture.
		The ministry of education has authorized the work of “tele-auxiliaries”, Shuar teachers paid by the government or local volunteers who receive a wage for helping children to listen and learn from the radio programmes while the teacher attends to pupils at another grade.
		The Shuar are rightly proud of being pioneers, not just in Ecuador but worldwide, and are not deterred by the current serious problems of their country, crushed by heavy foreign debt, massive financial crisis and a plan to make the U.S. dollar the national currency which may have grave consequences for the poorest Ecuadorians.
	www.unesco.org /courier/2000_04/uk/doss23.htm (1010 words)

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