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	Shunga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shunga were produced between the sixteenth century and the nineteenth century by ukiyo-e artists, since they sold more easily and at a higher price than their ordinary work.
		Shunga artists rarely signed their works, even though the genre was generally accepted and the art met the same standards required of more conventional styles.
		The art of shunga provided an inspiration for the Showa and Heisei, or modern, period art known in the Western world as hentai, and known (formally) in Japan as 'jū hachi kin' (literally, "18-restricted", or adult-only) anime and manga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shunga (644 words)

	Asian Art and Architecture: Art & Design 382/582
		But the general record of the Shunga period is one of a flourishing of Buddhist monument building throughout the subcontinent, north and south.
		The art of the Shunga and Early Andhra periods is representative of the shravakayana phase of early Indian Buddhism, that completes the first half millennium of the Buddhist era, that the Buddha in early texts is reported to have said would be closest to the Dharma he offered.
		At some time in the Shunga era a second stupa was built on the path leading up to the hill top, while the first stupa was doubled in size to about 112’ in diameter while a set of railings was built around it with openings in the four cardinal directions.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/arth382/lecture6.html (6462 words)

	Taidemuseo Tennispalatsi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		During the early Edo period, shunga were generally brush-paintings, often in handscroll form, and typically focused on the figures of people enjoying sex without paying much heed to describing the background.
		One of his rare shunga paintings, this work is notable firstly as an example of Sukenobu's characteristic way of depicting the human figure, but also because it depicts Kyoto’s sexual manners and customs, slightly different from those of Edo.
		This scroll uses a rare device for shunga: it is composed of four sets of images, one for each of the four seasons, that pair a seasonal flower and a sexual act.
	www.taidemuseo.hel.fi /suomi/tennispalatsi/lisat/1shungaenglanti.html (2626 words)

	Shunga Dynasty (ca. 2nd-1st century B.C.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Around 185 B.C., Pushyamitra Shunga, the principal military officer of the last Mauryan king, assassinated his ruler and assumed control.
		However, except at the beginning, Shunga was not as extensive as the earlier realm but coexisted with other polities throughout the subcontinent.
		The period saw a flowering of the visual arts, including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the chaitya hall at Bhaja, the stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/shun/hd_shun.htm (306 words)

	ANTIQUE JAPANESE PILLOW BOOK SHUNGA SCROLL (Orientalia and Asian-Art) at Unlimited, Ltd. The Antique Mall
		“Shunga” translates to “images of spring” or “spring drawings”, and refers to those Japanese paintings and prints of lovemaking made mostly during the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries, but originating in 12th Century.
		In the latter period, Shunga reached its zenith when a movement of the artistically inclined (including Geishas) created what was referred to as the “Floating World” apart from Edo society.
		Shunga was produced by and during a time when the Japanese Ukiyo-e artists were considered masters in fine art.
	www.tias.com /848/PictPage/1920890676.html?mall=/malls/unlimited;itemKey=1920890676;store=/malls/unlimited/dealers/ltd521;catId=Orientalia_and_Asian-Art;itemNo=521-4252-1 (332 words)

	Shunga
		Shunga - Chubon - Kunisada 1840 - Disturbance.
		Shunga - Kuniyoshi 1835 - Chubon - Fellatio.
		Shunga - Kuniyoshi 1835 - Chubon - Bathroom.
	www.akantiek.nl /shun3.htm (4757 words)

	Shunga Prints
		Shunga is a genre of erotic ukiyo-e woodblock that was highly developed in Edo Period Japan.Though officially illegal, they were tolerated by censors if sold descretely.
		Shunga, or "spring pictures" are some of the most sumptuous prints of the time.
		An interesting exhibit of modern paintings inspired and influenced by shunga can be seen by clicking here.
	www.geocities.com /ukiyo_e_prints/shunga_list.html (135 words)

	Archaeology section...................National Museum of India,New Delhi(India) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Gupta period was one in which religious thought and iconography developed a great deal and several new iconographic images came into being.
		The art of this period is characterised by an elongation of human figure, a distinct sharpness in facial features, an increase in ornamentation, formal postures and a rigidity in the way the limbs are placed even though these were bent at various places in the body.
		The Palas and their successors the Senas in the East, the Hoysalas, Cholas, Vijaynagar rulers and Nayakas in the South and the Gahadavalas, Paramaras and Chandelas in the North continued to encourage the temple art and architrcture.
	www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in /arch.html (1419 words)

	Indian coinage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several dynasties have come and gone, as have rulers like Alexander the Great, the British, the Portuguese and the Dutch, leaving an intricate trail of coinage behind.
		It is impossible to talk of coinage over such a long period without also talking about history, and hence this article runs parallel to the article History of India.
		The coins of this period were punch marked coins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_coinage (353 words)

	Shunga
		Japanese shunga prints and books were bought for several reasons.
		It was even a tradition that the bride of a daimyo - a high-standing feudal lord - brought a collection of shunga prints together with their wedding furniture.
		The ukiyo-e shunga image displayed on this page was taken from the book cover of Japanese Erotic Prints, Shunga by Harunobu and Koryûsai with friendly permission by the author, Inge Klompmakers and Hotei Publishing.
	www.artelino.com /articles/shunga.asp (320 words)

	hoooooooo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Puranas assign it the period 684 BCE - 424 BCE.
		During this period, known as India's Golden Age, Hindu culture, science and political administration reached new heights.
		Historians believe that the Indus Valley Civilisation (known as the Harappan Civilisation) flourished between 3000 BCE and 1800 BCE, stretching from Afghanistan in the west to the Ganges plains in the east; from the Pamir knot in the north to the Rann of Kutch in the south.
	wastednirvana.rediffblogs.com /2004_19_12_wastednirvana_archive.html (750 words)

	Forbidden Images: Erotic Art from Japan’s Edo Period - Helsinki City Art Museum - Absolutearts.com
		It was widely believed in the Edo period that placing a shunga in a home or storehouse would provide protection against fire and as late as the Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905) soldiers carried erotic books with them as good-luck charms.
		Although the general attitude towards shunga was open and positive in the Edo period, the genre was subject to censorship at times.
		It was not until the late 19th century that the relatively permissive stand of the authorities suddenly changed with the introduction of Western ideals and morals to the formerly closed society of Japan.
	www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/2002/11/22/30503.html (736 words)

	Japanese Porcelain "Shunga" Dish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This fantastic hand painted Taisho/Showa period “Shunga” dish is in perfect condition with no chips cracks or hairlines.
		Shunga literally means “Spring Pictures”, the Japanese term for erotic paintings, prints, and illustrations.
		Popular in Japanese art since the Nara period, shunga art saw a rapid decline in the mid 19th century.
	www.trocadero.com /Higoya/items/192889/item192889store.html (111 words)

	History of India
		The Puranas assign it the period 684 BC - 424 BC.
		After independence, the Congress Party, the party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, ruled India under the influence first of Nehru and then of his daughter Indira Gandhi and of his grandson Rajiv Gandhi, with the exception of two brief periods in the 1970s and 1980s.
		This loose coalition collapsed in November 1990, and for a short period of time a breakaway Janata Dal group supported by Congress (I) controlled the government, with Chandra Shekhar as Prime Minister.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/h/hi/history_of_india.html (2272 words)

	KarmaTantra.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		SHUNGA, as it is more commonly known, is actually a word for Japanese works of art, specifically Japanese romantic paintings that were made from the 16th to 18th centuries, by reputable painter of the Ukiyo-e (floating world) period.
		SHUNGA canvases or prints (paintings on wood blocks) depicted scenes of couples in love.
		To this day, SHUNGA remains one of the hidden treasures of traditional Japanese art.
	www.karmatantra.com /cds.html (119 words)

	CMA Asian Odyssey : India
		A hallmark the museum's Indian collection is sculpture from the Kushana period (1st century AD- 320), representing the artistic traditions from Mathura and Gandhara.
		Pala Dynasty's late form of Buddhism is richly illustrated in the collection with such works as the 9th century bronze sculpture: Akshobhya: The Buddha of the East from the 9th century.
		India's long-lived Hindu tradition is also demonstrated with exceptional works such as the Nataraja, Shiva as the King of Dance from southern India's Chola period, 11th century and the Vaishnava Trinity (Shri Devi, Vishnu, Bhumi Devi) also from the Chola period, 10th century.
	www.clemusart.com /educef/asianodyssey/html/5190803.html (348 words)

	South Asian Media Net
		Indus Valley Civilization (known as the Harappan Civilization) flourished between 3000 BCE and 1800 BCE, stretching from Afghanistan in the west to the Ganges plains in the east; from the Pamir knot in the north to the Rann of Kutch in the south.
		Shunga period is known for its art and sculpture.
		Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 1000 years.
	www.southasianmedia.net /profile/india/history_ancient_india.cfm (1990 words)

	history ~ metaxu buddhism
		Apart from sculpture and painting, the Gupta period was remarkable for the renaissance of the classical Sanskrit language, and the cdreation, or recreation, of the great Sanskrit literature as we know it today.
		The Chinese Buddhist scholar Fa Hien who visited India in the years 399-414 of the Gupta period, regarded India as the sacred land of the Buddha, but the Gupta emperors referred on their coins to the deity as Bhagavad or Vishnu.
		A period of madness in China and neighboring countries.
	metaxu.to /buddhism/history.php (4255 words)

	Terracotta fragment of a Yakshi
		West Bengal, Shunga period, circa 200 - 100 BC A terracotta moulded fragment, depicting the head and torso of the female goddess Yakshi.
		She is usually portrayed as a wide-hipped, voluptuous woman who can cause a tree to bear fruit by touching it with her foot.
		Her physical form with the full breasts and narrow waist typifies the style used to represent goddesses within the Shunga period.
	www.benjanssens.com /southeastasian/2006_isea/103_yakshi.html (215 words)

	Shunga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In contrast the enormous penises usually depicted in shunga, here the old man's scrotum is greatly enlarged.
		When we remember Toulouse-Lautrec's images of lesbian activity in the Paris brothels and compare them with Eiri's illustration, we are forcibly reminded of the different attitudes of Europe and Old Japan, and of the artists who drew them.
		It is a very good example of the late Meiji period shunga style.
	www.akantiek.nl /shun.htm (5818 words)

	Asian Art and Architecture: Art & Design 382/582
		A Consideration of the Later Andhra Period brings a third stage of stylistic development as the flat figure style of the Shunga Period, that has been inflated to a fuller rounded style in Early Andhra, is now given an even fuller and more massive form.
		The Later Andhra Period is not suggested by a new reign, but to grasp a major shift in style and in imagery that takes place in the first century.
		To whatever extent the addorsed-lion Dharma chakra columns of the Maurya period were possibly royal, they have by now become distinctly Buddhist insignia.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/arth382/lecture7.html (2979 words)

	India, Uttar of Madhya Pradesh, Shunga Period / Triratna Pendant / 185-72 BC
		India, Uttar of Madhya Pradesh, Shunga Period / Triratna Pendant / 185-72 BC India, Uttar of Madhya Pradesh, Shunga Period
		This image is one of over 118,000 from The Art Museum Image Consortium Library (The AMICO Library™), a growing online collection of high-quality, digital art images from 39 museums around the world.
		Cultures and time periods represented range from contemporary art, to ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian works.
	www.davidrumsey.com /amico/amico12100491-36554.html (276 words)

	Ammas.com's Ask Agent -- The Search Engine for Intelligent Life
		Dear murali, http://www.sareeonline.com/aboutsar… The Sari's origins are obscure, in part because there are so few historical records in India compared to most other major civilizations.
		However some evidences of History are as under: -One of the earliest depictions of a Sari-like drape covering the entire body dates back to about 100 B.C. A north Indian terracota (Shunga period 200 - 50 B.C.) depicts a woman wearing a sari wound tightly around her entire body in the kachcha style.
		One of the earliest depictions of a Sari-like drape covering the entire body dates back to about 100 B.C. A north Indian terracota (Shunga period 200 - 50 B.C.) depicts a woman wearing a sari wound tightly around her entire body in the kachcha style.
	askagent.ammas.com /topics/History/a101538.html (1381 words)

	Madhya Pradesh Museums - Madhya Pradesh Historical Museum - Art Museum of Madhya Pradesh : India Line Travel
		Portions of the Lion or Bull capitals from the Maurya period (3rd century B.C.) Yaksha and Yakshi images from Shunga period (2nd to 1st century B.C.), sculpted panels from Sanchi Stupa gateways (2nd to 1st century B.C.) and inscribed Jaina sculptures from the Gupta period (5th century A.D.)
		Most of the Shunga period sculptures from Vidisha region, Indian art in general, and Pratihara art in particular.
		Paramar period art (c.9th- 11th century A.D.) or early sculptures from Maurya, Gupta, Aulikara or Pratihara days.
	www.indialine.com /travel/madhyapradesh/museums.html (317 words)

	Shunga Period Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Controlled a portion of the former Maurya empire
		185 BCE: Pushyamitra murdered the last Maurya emperor and established the Shunga dynasty
		After the first ruler, who persecuted Buddhism, the Shungas continued the patronage of Buddhism
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jcarpent/shunga_period_outline.htm (68 words)

	Group of 5 Votive terracotta figurines, Indus Valley
		Shunga period, ca 3rd to 2nd century B.C. Mauryan p">
		An excellent group of five votive terracotta figurines, including bull, godesses and simian figures.
		Shunga period, ca 3rd to 2nd century B.C. Mauryan period, ca 3rd to 2nd B.C. Charsada period, ca 250-100 B.C. Indus Valley.
	www.trocadero.com /bcgalleries/items/371663/item371663store.html (97 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Right in the centre of the sculptures gallery is the famous second Century statue of Yakshini.
		It was found at Barhut in Satna district and belongs to the Shunga period.
		While the Kalchuri and Chandela sculptures focus more on beauty, those of the Parmar period reflect more of folk tradition and are marked by gestures and rhythm.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005110703910500.htm&date=2005/11/07/&prd=th& (202 words)

	Sculpture, Relief, South and Southeast Asia \| Subject Index \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Birth of the Buddha, Kushan period, Pakistan (ancient region of Gandhara, probably Takht-i-Bahi), Stone (1987.417.1)
		Plaque with scenes from the life of the Buddha, Pala or Pagan period, 12th century, India or Burma.
		Plaque with the goddess Durga and attendants, Shunga period (ca.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hi/hi_scress.htm (319 words)

	AH 203 (Shin): INDIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Seated Buddha, on lion throne, with two bodhisattvas and two apsaras, Kushan period, 2
		Seated Buddha, on lotus throne, with four bodhisattvas; Kushan period, 3
		Note: You do not have to memorize the foreign words that appear inside [ ], but you should learn the ones in ().
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah203/201india.html (158 words)

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