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Topic: Shunt (medical)

	Shunt (medical) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, a shunt is a device designed to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and carry it to other parts of the body.
		The shunt failure rate is also relatively high and it is not uncommon for patients to have multiple shunt revisions within their lifetime.
		A rather common pathological shunt is the ventricular septum defect, allowing blood to flow from the left to the right ventricle through a hole in the septum, the muscular wall between the two ventricles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shunt_(medical) (249 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
		Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is surgery is performed to relieve intracranial pressure caused by hydrocephalus.
		The fluid is shunted from the ventricles of the brain into the abdominal cavity or in rare instances the pleural space in the chest.
		Shunting is necessary to drain the excess fluid and relieve the pressure in the brain.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003019.htm (611 words)

	Shunts - treatment for hydrocephalus presented by Insitute for Neurology and Neurosurgery in New York City.
		Commercially available shunts are categorized as low, medium, or high pressure, depending on their response to the pressure differential between upper and lower ends of the shunt.
		A variation on this is the Medtronic's PS Medical Delta valved shunt.
		Vascular shunts functioned very well, but they were prone to multiple problems including early and late infection, as well as rare, potentially fatal heart failure due to blockage of blood vessels within the lungs by particles of blood clot flaking off the shunt's catheter tip.
	nyneurosurgery.org /hydro_shunt.htm (1739 words)

	Ventricular shunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ventricular shunt is a surgical procedure in which a tube is placed in one of the fluid-filled chambers inside the brain (ventricles).
		Ventricular shunt relieves hydrocephalus, a condition in which the ventricles are enlarged.
		The ventricular shunt tube is placed to drain fluid from the ventricular system in the brain to the cavity of the abdomen or to the large vein in the neck (jugular vein).
	www.chclibrary.org /micromed/00070170.html (1068 words)

	Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shunting, called ventriculoperitoneal shunting, is necessary to drain the excess fluid and relieve the pressure in the brain.
		Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is often crucial for preventing serious brain damage in children with hydrocephalus.
		Shunts are generally left in place for many years if they function without problems.
	stlukes-stl.com /sp_en/100123.html (699 words)

	Recent Cases of a law firm dedicated to medical malpractice, federal torts claims and other significant personal injury ...
		The delay in diagnosing the malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt allowed the intracranial pressure to increase to such severity that the child’s brain stem was compressed, his brain herniated through the posterior fossa in the upper regions of his spine, and he suffered a bilateral occipital lobe infarction.
		Plaintiff argued that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, had the acoustic neuroma been appropriately visualized and diagnosed by the 1994 MRI, it would have been less than 1 centimeter, and the likelihood of preserving the plaintiff’s facial nerve function for a tumor of this size was extremely high.
		Under such circumstances, the standard of medical care demanded that the physician clearly present his concerns to the patient as well as the potential harm that might be incurred if a ventilation/perfusion scan was not obtained.
	www.goldrich.com /Main/recentcases.htm (7220 words)

	FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) noted a negative physical examination (except for surgical scars); however, he deferred certification and forwarded a copy of the airman's medical records to the FAA Medical Certification Division.
		Medical records indicated a symptom-free recovery with a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt and MRI evidence of resolution of the hydrocephalus.
		Unfortunately, the medical literature lacks any studies regarding the effect of significant ambient pressure changes (such as those encountered at high altitude in an unpressurized aircraft) on the functioning of ventriculoperitoneal (and other) shunts.
	www.cami.jccbi.gov /AAM-400A/FASMB/FAS/57.html (1132 words)

	IATROGENIC HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY : IMC Maritimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thus the causal relation between the medical intervention and the appearance of symptoms is circumstantial and cannot be firmly established.
		HE occurred in 0 - 48% of medically treated patients (), in 30 to 53% of patients with end to side portocaval shunts, and in 24 - 39% of patients with distal spleno-renal shunts (,,,).
		The same record at 0255 hours documents a "sudden large bloody emesis of reddish brown" what is known in medical circles as "coffee-ground vomitus" (dark brown vomitus the colour and consistency of coffee-grounds composed of gastric juices and old blood) indicative of a slow bleeding source in the upper GI tract.
	maritimes.indymedia.org /print.php?id=2634 (7192 words)

	Shunt \| Neurosciences \| Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
		shunt ed from the ventricles of the brain into the abdominal cavity or in rare instances the pleural space in the chest.
		Shunt ing is necessary to drain the excess fluid and relieve the pressure in the brain.
		shunt proceedure, a pump (valve which controls flow of fluid) is attached to the catheter to keep the fluid away from the brain.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /neuro/shunt.htm (323 words)

	85063 -- Irvin v. Smith -- Abbott -- Kansas Supreme Court
		The plaintiff in a medical malpractice case bears the burden of proof in establishing the elements of the negligence claim.
		The purpose of the shunt is to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the skull.
		Defendants' medical opinions were addressed directly to [the treating physician] as a colleague, and not indirectly to plaintiffs as patients.
	www.kscourts.org /kscases/supct/2001/20010921/85063.htm (9311 words)

	WHAT ARE PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS?
		Portosystemic shunts are abnormal vascular connections between the hepatic portal vein (the blood vessel that connects the gastrointestinal tract with the liver) and the systemic circulation (Figure 1).
		The majority of intrahepatic shunts are a result of the embryonic connection between the umbilical vein and the caudal vena cava remaining open; in most dogs this connection closes 3 days after birth but, for unknown reasons, remains open in dogs with intrahepatic congenital shunts.
		Ligation of shunt vessels is an advanced surgical technique requiring a suitably experienced surgeon, careful selection and monitoring of general anesthesia, measurement of blood pressure in the portal vein and systemic circulation, and appropriate critical care support facilities.
	www.malteseonly.com /shunt2.html (2538 words)

	Shunts, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A shunt is a tube that drains the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to another space in the body, which reabsorbs the fluid.
		The shunt's small, soft tubing is placed, or tunneled, under the skin and the end of the tubing is placed in the abdominal space.
		The signs of a shunt malfunction are similar to the signs of hydrocephalus.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/neurology/treat/shunts.htm (308 words)

	eMedicine - Systemic to Pulmonary Artery Shunting for Palliation : Article by Anastasios K Konstantakos, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cyanotic cardiac shunts are congenital heart defects associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood flow secondary to a right-to-left shunt.
		However, this shunt is no longer commonly used because technical aspects of this procedure were considered challenging, and construction of an improperly sized anastomosis could lead to heart failure and pulmonary congestion.
		The central shunt is indicated in neonates and children younger than 3 months with a patent ductus arteriosus, small branch pulmonary arteries, anatomy unsuitable for an MBTS, a failed previous palliative shunt, and/or a concomitant procedure requiring a median sternotomy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic3024.htm (3056 words)

	Hydrocephalus: A Guide for Patients, Families & Friends: Preface
		It wasn't until Kellie's second shunt revision in 1991, when she was 24 and just after we were married, that we started to learn more about hydrocephalus.
		Where medical terms are used--and they are--we explain to you what they mean; there is also a glossary of terms at the back of the book.
		Shunt Revisions, looks at some of the reasons why a shunt can fail, what to look for as signs of a possible shunt malfunction, how your neurosurgeon determines the extent of the problem, and what will happen if the shunt needs to be replaced or revised.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/hydro/chapter/ch00.html (2183 words)

	Yorkie Medical Information
		The broad categories are extrahepatic and intrahepatic shunts, depending on whether or not the shunt occurs in the liver or outside of it.
		Most shunts cause recognizable clinical signs by the time a dog is a young adult but once in a while one is diagnosed at a later time in life.
		Signs of portosystemic shunts include poor weight gain, sensitivity to sedatives (especially diazepam), depression, head pressing (pushing the head against a solid object), seizures, weakness, salivation, vomiting, poor appetite, increased drinking and urinating, balance problems and frequent urinary tract disease or early onset of bladder stones.
	www.earthsangels.com /html/livrshnt.shtml (1370 words)

	Genetics 101 - Hereditary problems of the Havanese breed
		Medical management may be tried for inoperable shunts but can be difficult and very expensive with limited success.
		Medications are not curative but rather may help compensate for the increasing failure of the heart.
		Seizures can be inherited or they may be caused by medical diseases such as diabetes, liver disease, etc They may be seen as spells in which the dog demonstrates repeated jerking of the entire body or just one part, followed by a period of disorientation.
	www.mts.net /~mckay55/genetics.html (3708 words)

	Medical Information and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ventriculo peritoneal (VP) shunt is an implanted device that drains excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body.
		The shunt is a plastic tube that runs under the skin from the scalp, to the area behind the ear, to the neck, and into the abdomen.
		Gently feel the shunt tract every day during bath time, the tubing should feel continuous from head to abdomen.
	www.chp.edu /spclvsn/01gg_medinfo.html (292 words)

	Treatments: Shunt - CureResearch.com
		Count: Shunt is listed as a: treatment for 8 conditions; alternative treatment for 8 conditions; preventive treatment for 0 conditions; research treatment for 0 conditions.
		Shunt as a treatment: The following list of conditions have 'Shunt' or similar listed as a treatment in our database:
		Wall of Silence: The Untold Story of the Medical Mistakes That Are Killing Millions of Americans
	www.cureresearch.com /treat/shunt.htm (218 words)

	www.patientcenters.com -- Hydrocephalus Center -- Preparing for Emergencies
		Shunt manufacturer and pressure setting of the valve (e.g., PS Medical, medium-pressure).
		It allows you to transfer medical decision-making authority from yourself to a person you designate (known as an agent) to make those decisions for you in the event that you become incapacitated.
		The DPAHC must be presented to the attending physician by your agent to serve as legal proof of her decision-making authority.
	www.patientcenters.com /hydrocephalus/news/preparing_emerg.html (1655 words)

	Lacy's Place in Cyberspace - Medical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Because medical therapy only treats the symptoms and not the problem, these dogs are always subject to recurrences of coughing and breathing difficulty.
		Toxic blood that is normally filtered and cleansed by the liver is shunted to the heart and brain, resulting in depression, behavior changes, poor growth rate, and other signs of illness in affected dogs.
		Hypoglycemia is the medical term for low blood sugar, which is a condition in which there is a drastic, sudden drop in the level of blood sugar in the puppy.
	www.yorkshire-terrier.com /lacy/medical.htm (5938 words)

	The Function of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt - Medical Illustration
		Enlarged views detail the proximal shunt within the brain ventricle and the distal shunt within the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity.
		Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt Migration to the Uterus - exh41429c
		Medical Legal Art creates medical demonstrative evidence (medical illustrations, drawings, pictures, graphics, charts, medical animations, anatomical models, and interactive presentations) for use during legal proceedings, including research, demand letters, client conferences, depositions, arbitrations, mediations, settlement conferences, mock jury trials and for use in the courtroom.
	www.doereport.com /generateexhibit.php?ID=8088&ExhibitKeywordsRaw=&TL=&A= (398 words)

	CodeBlueBlog: CSI MEDBLOGS: CODEBLUEBLOG ANALYZES TERRI SCHIAVO'S CT OF THE BRAIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A shunt is a tube inserted into the brain to reduce pressure caused by build-up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain.
		I know what a shunt is, I'm speaking of the electrodes that were implanted in her brain in 1992, which have never been removed, and to which some would explain the resulting hydrocephalus on the CT in 1996.
		There are medical records that sustain the fact that Terri suffered multiple broken bones that night and came to the hospital with a rigid neck.
	codeblueblog.blogs.com /codeblueblog/2005/03/csi_medblogs_co.html (10905 words)

	Informed Consent...Neese Law Firm P.A.
		Plaintiff's medical experts concluded that acceptable standards of medical practice were breached and caused S.P. irreversible brain damage.
		Medical experts believe that S.P. will have a normal, life expectancy and that her condition will never improve.
		According to the Pentagon authorities, the award to S.P. and her family constitutes the largest military medical malpractice award ever given by the United States Air Force under the Military Claims Act 10 U.S.C. If S.P. lives a normal life expectancy, the projected payout is $23,565,908.
	www.neeselawfirm.com /medicalmalpractice/mm90-115s.html (563 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Portacaval shunt
		A connection is made between the portal vein, which supplies 75% of the liver's blood, and the inferior vena cava, the vein that drains blood from the lower two-thirds of the body.
		This reduces pressure in the veins draining the liver, decreasing the dilation of variceal veins in the esophagus, which otherwise are prone to rupture and bleeding.
		This procedure does not involve an incision; rather, a catheter is placed into a large vein in the neck through which a shunt is deployed in the veins draining the liver, thus diverting blood flow around the diseased liver.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001112.htm (709 words)

	Invention & Design: The Dow Corning Corporationdccpart4.rtf
		For example, first introduced in the late 1950’s, Dow Corning created the hydrocephalic shunt, a silicone drain implanted in a child’s head to relieve the effects of hydrocephalus, "an excess of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity causing enlargement of the skull and mental retardation" [16].
		Unlike previous studies which had found no lesion development due to the ingestion of silicone by rats, his study found such a reaction in rabbits fed silicone along with a high cholesterol diet [26].
		Thus, silicone's performance in medical applications was of interest to the global medical community, not just to suppliers like Dow Corning.
	cti.itc.virginia.edu /~meg3c/ethics/cases/dcc/dccpart4.html (1087 words)

	Liver Shunt - Talk Medical
		Liver shunt: Transjugular, intrahepatic, portosystemic shunt (TIPS), is a shunt (tube) placed between the portal vein which carries blood from the intestines to the liver and the hepatic vein which carries blood from the liver back to the heart.
		It is used primarily (but not exclusively) in patients with cirrhosis in which the scar tissue within the liver has blocked the flow of blood passing through the liver from the portal vein to the hepatic vein.
		The shunt is passed down the jugular vein in the neck by a radiologist using x-ray guidance.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/8429/Liver-Shunt (277 words)

	Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt involves catheterization of a hepatic (liver) vein by the transjugular approach (through the jugular vein) followed by puncture of an intrahepatic portal vein and placement and expansion of a stent to connect the liver tissue at this juncture.
		This type of shunt has been used in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension ( high blood pressure to the liver), particularly in patients with cirrhosis.
		The shunt helps remove fluid build-up from the abdomen appears to prolong the survival of patients with cirrhosis better than repeat draining of the excess fluid.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13550 (396 words)

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