Shuttle Buran program

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Topic: Shuttle Buran program

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	Buran reusable shuttle
		The Buran development was conducted within the Reusable Space System program, or MKS, which included the winged orbiter itself and the Energia heavy-lift vehicle.
		However, in the USSR, the Space Shuttle was viewed first of all as a carrier of nuclear weapons.
		NPO Molniya, the developer of the Buran's body, tried to move forward with a small version of the reusable orbiter, launched by an Antonov-225 Mriya transport plane.
	russianspaceweb.com /buran.html (2452 words)

	BURAN
		Buran is/was more expensive to launch because the engines on the Energiya rocket burn up in the atmosphere and are not reused like the American SRB's and 3 liquid engines mounted on the shuttle.
		If their shuttle program had not been stranded they had planned to send the old space station Saljut 7 which had been boosted to a higher orbit until they could find out what they wanted to do with it back to Earth.
		With the shuttle Buran attached it can still lift 30 tons, this is 5 tons more than the shuttle can with it's 25 tons.
	home.c2i.net /jonass/engelsk/buran.htm (684 words)

	Buran Soviet Space Shuttle -launched by the Energia Launcher
		The Russian Shuttle Buran ("Snowstorm" in Russian) was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States Space Shuttle program.
		The first and only orbital launch of the shuttle Buran was at 3:00 GMT on November 15, 1988.
		The autopilot that landed the shuttle was able to overcome a 34 mph crosswind to land within 5 feet of the runway center line.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /buran (347 words)

	Buran
		The Russian shuttle Buran was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States' Space Shuttle program.
		The first and only orbital flight of the shuttle Buran was on 15 November 1988.
		Funding for Buran was cut after the first flight and much of the work stopped, although the project was not officially cancelled until 1993.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/buran.htm (413 words)

	Russian space shuttle BURAN
		Within the context of the Buran program carried out in the mid-1980s of the 20th century FSUE ORPE "Technologiya" developed a number of materials and structures the weight of which was 10 tons of the total 100 tons of the space shuttle.
		The modifications of the ТЗМК-10 and ТЗМК-25 materials were used for thermal protection of the Buran body in the form of tiles with the dimensions from 160 x 160 to 225 x 325 mm
		They are used to protect elevons against the influence of air flow during space shuttle descent.
	technologiya.ru /tech/programse/buran.html (590 words)

	Buran Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The Buran orbiter was quite similar to the US Space Shuttle with a mass of 75 metric tons, a payload capacity of 30 metric tons, a length of 36.4 m, and a wing-span of 24 m.
		Unlike the US Space Shuttle, Buran did not carry main engines which are employed during lift-off, since this function was performed by the Energiya launch vehicle central stage.
		During the early 1990's, a man rated Buran spacecraft was being prepared for flight, but in 1993 the program was officially terminated.
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/energia_b.htm (234 words)

	Buran Spaceplane
		Two Burans were manufactured, but after the sole unpiloted mission, the program was canceled.
		Although Buran was tested extensively in the atmosphere with trained pilots, the first and only orbital flight was made without a crew.
		At the time of the early U.S. Space Shuttle launches, the Soviets were testing an unmanned scale model shuttle.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/gal114/SpaceRace/sec500/sec548.htm (269 words)

	Buran
		Once upon a time the Russians had their own Shuttle program, which in my opinion was far superior to the US version.
		Identification is consequently difficult, especially as almost right up to Buran's first flight twin jet engines were to be mounted either side of the vertical stabiliser for use on landing and all airframes included the cut-outs necessary to hold them.
		These appeared on the Molniya "Buran" site on the page dealing with the faked launch in 1992 of the second orbiter, "Baikals", on a failed mission to Mir.
	pargoo.customer.netspace.net.au /buran.html (1273 words)

	Definition of Mir
		The visiting US shuttles used a modified docking collar designed for the Soviet Buran shuttle that was originally intended to service the station.
		Space shuttles would take part in the transportation of supplies and people to and from the Mir.
		Mir was based upon the Salyut series of space stations previously launched by the Soviet Union.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Mir_space_station (1273 words)

	Buran
		Once upon a time the Russians had their own Shuttle program, which in my opinion was far superior to the US version.
		Maybe when the program collapsed that name was painted out, or for all we know it might be hidden away behind scaffolding somewhere in Building 112, with the Russians still pretending it was called "Ptichka", their idea of a joke at the expense of us dumb Westerners.
		Unfortunately, the collapse of the USSR hasn't changed that policy: the Russians are just as selfish and miserly although their photographic archives must be bulging with spectacular images of their Salyut space stations, their moon rocket and Zond programs, the early manned missions and so on, to name but a few.
	pargoo.customer.netspace.net.au /buran.html (1273 words)

	On the subject of the space shuttle, - X-Plane.Org Forum
		The Russian Buran shuttle program was yet another offshoot of the Cold War, and died quietly after the initial PR bonanza.
		She was the only shuttle fitted with life support systems at the time of program cancellation.
		The most famous Buran- Buran Space Shuttle 1.01 is the sole orbiter that flew into space back in 1988.
	forums.x-plane.org /index.php?showtopic=655 (1339 words)

	Kliper to use Buran seats
		The commercial Kliper will not use ejection seats, but the test vehicle will use seats developed for the former Soviet Union's Buran space shuttle program in the 1980s.
		It aims to develop a new manned taxi that builds on the legacy of the Soyuz rather than Buran or the US space shuttle.
		According to public literature the Buran ejection seats were to use a solid rocket motor system that could propel test pilots up to 600 meters (1,800ft) from the Buran when flying at Mach 3 or less.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/kliper-05a.html (704 words)

	Slashdot Buy a Russian Space Shuttle
		First (or maybe not first) their space shuttle program was cancelled and never flew (even though they had a better shuttle design than NASA), then MIR was decommisioned, then they started selling trips to space, and now they're selling the Buran.
		We know it's possible [nasa.gov] to transport US shuttles but I'm not sure about the Buran.
		The russian space shuttles are carried by the AN-225 myria [antonovaircargo.com], one BIG airplane indeed (it has a payload of over twice hat of the C-5).
	slashdot.org /articles/02/05/10/1315200.shtml?tid=160 (704 words)

	ljonn.com
		The Buran 1.01 was the only of the five Buran built during the final days of the Soviet space program to actually fly in space, during an unmanned test mission in 1988.
		Other Burans have also met with less that glorious fates: Burans 2.01, 2.02, and 2.03 are dismantled and rotting outside the factory where they were built.
		Meanwhile, another Buran- the OK-GLI - failed to attract any bidders in an auction run by KFWB-AM Los Angeles and First FX, Inc. as agents for NPO Molniya.
	www.ljonn.com /buran.html (335 words)

	Russian Aviation Page: Cafe Buran
		For more information on Soviet orbiter Buran and Soviet space program see pages maintained by Jennifer Green and Mark Wade's Encyclopedia of Spaceflight and The Soviet Space Shuttle Project courtesy of Russian Aerospace Guide.
		The guard who let us in worked on the Buran space program and he seems to be very knowledgeable of the spacecraft, answering questions.
		The wooden structure separating top and bottom halves of the bay looked unfit inside of the space craft, but Buran itself was not exactly born to become an eatery.
	aeroweb.lucia.it /~agretch/Buran/Buran.html (424 words)

	Russia Prepares Launch of New Space Shuttle - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM
		Several other copies of the Russian shuttle were built as part of a test program and through the years have all become known by the name Buran.
		The only Russian space shuttle project is known under the name Buran.
		Itar-Tass also quoted Moiseyev as saying that Russian space experts are considering different options for booster rockets for launching the new space shuttle.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/09/16/kliper.shtml (424 words)

	Soviet Shuttle Found in Persian Gulf — Paper - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM
		The other shuttle called Ptichka (Little Bird) built in 1990 was not launched at all, and the program officially ended in 1993.
		The find could be a pre-production model of the Buran (Snowstorm) space shuttle that was launched into space only once, on November 15, 1988.
		In May 2002, the flight version of the Buran orbiter was destroyed when the roof collapsed at the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/09/23/shuttle.shtml (424 words)

	Russian Aviation Page: News: Periodicals Abstracts: 1988
		An editorial asserts that the success of the Soviet Buran/Energia space shuttle mission should be taken as a reminder that an aggressive, broadly based space program is an integral part of the USSR's national policy.
		The USSR's successful launch of the shuttle orbiter Buran significantly expands its capability to orbit large payloads and continues the Soviet policy of using all-liquid propellant propulsion systems.
		The modified MiG-25 fighter aircraft ejection seats installed in the Soviet Union's new space shuttle are designed for a relatively wide operating envelope during launch and landing recovery phases.
	aeroweb.lucia.it /~agretch/News/Periodicals88.html (424 words)

	Encyclopedia: Shuttle Buran
		The program was to have boosted national pride, carried out research, and met technological objectives similar to those of the U.S. shuttle program, including resupply of the Mir space station, which was launched in 1986 and remained in service until 2001.
		Soviet politicians were convinced that the Space Shuttle would be an effective military weapon since the U.S. Department of Defense took part in the project, and could pose a potential threat to the balance of power during the Cold War.
		Aircraft engine manufacturers This list of aircraft is sorted alphabetically, beginning with the name of the manufacturer (or, in certain cases, designer).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Shuttle-Buran (4701 words)

	Shuttle Buran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Buran SO, a docking module that was to be used for rendezvous with the Mir space station, was refitted for use with the U.S. Space Shuttles during the Shuttle-Mir missions.
		Because Buran's debut followed that of Space Shuttle Columbia's, and because there were striking visual similarities between the two shuttle systems — a state of affairs which recalled the similarity between the Tupolev Tu-144 and Concorde supersonic airliners — many speculated that Cold War espionage played a role in the development of the Soviet shuttle.
		After the program was cancelled, OK-GLI was stored at Zhukovsky Air Base, near Moscow, and eventually bought by an Australian company, Buran Space Corporation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buran (1495 words)

	Buran reusable shuttle
		The Buran development was conducted within the Reusable Space System program, or MKS, which included the winged orbiter itself and the Energia heavy-lift vehicle.
		NPO Molniya, the developer of the Buran's body, tried to move forward with a small version of the reusable orbiter, launched by an Antonov-225 Mriya transport plane.
		One of six full-scale copies of the Buran, which were built for development and testing purposes, sits at Firing Tests Site, OKI, in Baikonur.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /buran.html (2420 words)

	Buran Soviet Space Shuttle -launched by the Energia Launcher
		The Russian Shuttle Buran ("Snowstorm" in Russian) was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States Space Shuttle program.
		The first and only orbital launch of the shuttle Buran was at 3:00 GMT on November 15, 1988.
		The Buran 1 mission was limited to 2 orbits due to computer memory limitations.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /buran (347 words)

	Russian Space Agency
		A past program that was pursued by the former Soviet space agency was the shuttle Buran program.
		The Russian Space Agency (RKA) was formed after the breakup of the former Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Soviet space program.
		The Soviet space program was also the first nation to launch a satellite into orbit (Sputnik I) and competed against the United States in the race to the moon.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /rsa/rsa.html (347 words)

	Buran
		The Russian shuttle Buran was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States' Space Shuttle program.
		The first and only orbital flight of the shuttle Buran was on 15 November 1988.
		Construction of the shuttles began in 1980, and suborbital testing of a scale model began in 1984.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/buran.htm (347 words)

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Introduction - Part 1 Page 23
		To complete the overall manned program, Russia wanted to replace its Soyuz manned spacecraft which had been in operations since 1967 with a reusable craft similar to the American space shuttle.
		By this time, the Soviet Union economy was collapsing and could no longer support the development of Energia / Buran.
		Salyut 7 was launched in early 1982 with the goal of permanent space presence and this was accomplished by changing crews.
	rsol.gsfc.nasa.gov /RSTutorial/AppA/Part1_23.html (347 words)

	X-Plane.Org Forum > On the subject of the space shuttle,
		She was the only shuttle fitted with life support systems at the time of program cancellation.
		The Russian shuttle Buran had 1 automated flight (nobody was aboard), and was actually slightly larger then NASA's shuttle.
		All the shuttles receive retrofits with new avionics and equipment, and despite the fact that the airframe is the same as what NASA built in the 70's, what's inside that airframe is as modern as it gets.
	forums.x-plane.org /lofiversion/index.php/t655.html (347 words)

	Space Shuttle program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shuttle Buran the Soviet Union's (cancelled) shuttle program.
		The total cost of the program has been $145 billion as of early 2005 ($112 billion of which was incurred while the program was operational) and is estimated at $174 billion when the Shuttle retires in 2010.
		The Shuttle program was launched on January 5, 1972, when President Richard M. Nixon announced that NASA would proceed with the development of a reusable low cost Space Shuttle system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_shuttle (347 words)

	Russia Prepares Launch of New Space Shuttle - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM
		The only Russian space shuttle project is known under the name Buran.
		Itar-Tass also quoted Moiseyev as saying that Russian space experts are considering different options for booster rockets for launching the new space shuttle.
		If the program is implemented successfully the first launch may take place in five years’ time, the official told the Itar-Tass news agency.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/09/16/kliper.shtml (347 words)

	Buran
		Once upon a time the Russians had their own Shuttle program, which in my opinion was far superior to the US version.
		Its one and only flight took place on the 15th of November, 1988 from Launch Pad No. 2 [
	pargoo.customer.netspace.net.au /buran.html (1273 words)

	Wired 8.10: Electric Word
		Moscow built five of these Buran ("snowstorm" in Russian) shuttles, but only one blasted into the Great Beyond, flying an unmanned Earth-orbit mission in 1988.
		The shuttle worked fine, but the Soviet Union didn't, and economics grounded the fleet for good in 1993.
		The Russkis didn't have to reverse-engineer this part of the space race: They designed it with plans published by NASA's unclassified civilian space program, then tricked it up with an innovative remote-control system for unmanned flights and turbojet engines that allow the craft to take off and land at any airport.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.10/eword.html?pg=5 (224 words)

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Topic: Shuttle Buran program

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