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	Shuttle Carrier Aircraft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two extensively modified Boeing 747 jetliners that NASA uses to transport a space shuttle orbiter.
		The aircraft was extensively modified in 1976, with the cabins being stripped, mounting struts added, and the fuselage strengthened; vertical stabilizers were added to the tail to aid stability when the Orbiter was being carried.
		SCA mating with Space Shuttle Endeavour in the Mate-Demate Device (MDD), April, 1994.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft (845 words)

	NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA)
		The SCAs are used to ferry Space Shuttle orbiters from landing sites back to the Kennedy Space Center launch complex in Florida and also to and from other locations too distant for the orbiters to be delivered by ground transportation.
		An orbiter is placed atop the SCA by a Mate-Demate Device (MDD), a large gantry-like structure that hoists the orbiter off the ground for post-flight servicing, and then mates it with the SCA for ferry flights.
		Following the wake vortex studies, NASA 905 was modified by Boeing to its present SCA configuration and the aircraft was returned to Dryden for its role in the 1977 Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests (ALT).
	www.theaviationzone.com /factsheets/sca.asp (437 words)

	Shuttle carrier aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In June 1973, the Boeing firms receive appropriations for the study of two fuselage of B 747 joined together by a central wing, on which the shuttle would be posed.
		It has 70,5 m length, for a scale 59,64 m and a height of 19,33m, it is largest of the airliners.
		The 747 series of aircraft are four-engine intercontinental-range swept-wing "jumbo jets" that entered commercial service in 1969.
	members.tripod.com /tai95112/space.html (159 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| STS-114 Shuttle Report \| Mission Status Center
		The carrier jet is passing south of Monroe as it climbs to a cruising altitude of 15,000 feet.
		The aircraft have a wingspan of 195 ft. 8 in., a length of 231 ft. 10 in., a height to top of cockpit area of 32 ft. 1 in., and a max.
		The shuttle is flying with its nose elevated 40 degrees, wings level, at an altitude of 400,000 feet, passing over the southern Pacific Ocean, at a velocity of Mach 25, descending at a rate of over 600 feet per second.
	spaceflightnow.com /shuttle/sts114/status.html (3745 words)

	Space Shuttle History
		The test shuttle was originally going to be designated the Constitution in honor of the famous American document, but the name was later changed to Enterprise after many write-in votes from Star Trek fans.
		The SCA was a modified Boeing 747 passenger jet that had mounts on top to support and carry the shuttle to its designated release point.
		The Space Shuttle Challenger was to be the 25th space flight and launched in a freak cold snap that engulfed Cape Canaveral.
	students.db.erau.edu /~kalier/shuttlehistory.html (1253 words)

	Orbiter Discovery Visits Utah
		The shuttle carrier aircraft, a specially modified 747, appeared about 5 o'clock PM over Utah County from the southwest, flying low.
		The plane that carried the Discovery today also carried the Enterprise for the flight worthiness ("drop") tests [3], according to Frank Marlow, one of the carrier aircraft pilots.
		Most of the load of the orbiter is carried in the skin of the 747.
	www.geocities.com /p.black/SShuttle/shuttle.html (1039 words)

	Planetarium.Net Space Shuttle Human Spaceflight timeline
		Several tests were conducted with the Enterprise being carried aloft by the shuttle carrier aircraft (SCA).
		The SCA was a 747 airplane modified with a mount on top to carry the shuttle.
		Five tests were conducted with the shuttle separating from the 747 and gliding to a safe landing back on the ground.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/human/shuttle.htm (808 words)

	NASA - NASA Dryden Fact Sheet - Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
		The two aircraft are identical in appearance and in their performance as Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
		The SCAs are used to ferry space shuttle orbiters from landing sites back to the launch complex at the Kennedy Space Center and also to and from other locations too distant for the orbiters to be delivered by ground transportation.
		Instrumentation used by SCA flight crews and engineers to monitor orbiter electrical loads during the ferry flights and also during pre- and post-ferry flight operations.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-013-DFRC.html (684 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft is flying in the skies above the southwestern U.S. bound for a refueling pit stop in Oklahoma this afternoon.
		The shuttle was due to land this morning after its 13 1/2- day mission, but the landing was put off for 24 hours.
		It was purchased from American Airlines in 1974 and modified to carry the shuttle orbiters beginning in the program's early years.
	www.lycos.com /info/shuttle.html (551 words)

	Boeing: Integrated Defense Systems - NASA Systems - Return to Flight - Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
		The shuttle left NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., Aug. 19 for its cross-country trek, which was roughly 2,500 miles and included several stops for refueling.
		The gantry-like MDD structure is used for servicing the shuttle orbiters in preparation for their ferry flight back to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida; including mounting the shuttle atop NASAâ€™s modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
		NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft ferry flights follow an Air Force C-5 cargo pathfinder plane and fly only during daylight hours while staying clear of any high winds and rain.
	www.boeing.com /defense-space/space/returntoflight/sts-114/sca.html (1280 words)

	SPACE SHUTTLE OVERVIEW
		Flight hardware for the Space Shuttle is manufactured at many locations around the United States by NASA prime contractors and subcontractors.
		The Space Shuttle main engines are produced by the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. The engines are shipped to the KSC after they have undergone engine test firings on stands at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center (formerly the National Space Technology Laboratories) near Bay St. Louis, Miss.
		While the Shuttle is carrying out its mission in orbit, back on Earth the ground crews already are preparing for the next mission.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/1988/stsover.html (769 words)

	NASA Dryden A-5A Vigilante Photo Collection
		The Space Shuttle Endeavour, mounted securely atop one of NASA's modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, left NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in Southern California at sunrise on Friday, June 28, nine days after concluding mission STS-111 to the International Space Station with a landing at Edwards.
		The Space Shuttle Endeavour, mounted securely atop one of NASA's modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, left NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in Southern California at sunrise on Friday, June 28.
		NASA space shuttle Columbia hitched a ride on a special 747 carrier aircraft for the flight from Palmdale, California, to Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on March 1, 2001.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/photo/STS-Ferry/index.html (448 words)

	ORBITER MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY
		For mating atop the shuttle carrier aircraft, the orbiter is raised horizontally in the mate facility until the shuttle carrier aircraft can be towed under the orbiter.
		To prevent inadvertent closure of the 17-inch disconnect valves during the space shuttle main engine thrusting period, a latch mechanism was added in each orbiter half of the disconnect.
		While the Shuttle SRM insulation/ propellant integrity was not implicated in the 51-L failure, the intent is to preclude a failure similar to that experienced by Titan.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts_asm.html (6008 words)

	NASM Space Artifacts: Space Shuttle Enterprise
		The first Space Shuttle, Enterprise, is a test vehicle designed to operate in the atmosphere; it is not equipped for spaceflight.
		No other flying machine is launched, serves as a crew habitat and cargo carrier, maneuvers about in orbit, then returns from space for an unpowered landing on a runway, and is ready to do it all again in a few weeks.
		Five captive flights of Enterprise attached to the 747 were conducted, with the Shuttle unmanned and its systems inert, to assess structural integrity and performance of the mated craft in flight.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/artifacts/HS-Enterprise.htm (604 words)

	GPN-2000-000218 - Shuttle Enterprise Free Flight
		The Space Shuttle prototype Enterprise flies free after being released from NASA's 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) over Rogers Dry Lakebed during the second of five free flights carried out at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, as part of the Shuttle program's Approach and Landing Tests (ALT).
		The Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests (ALT) program allowed pilots and engineers to learn how the Space Shuttle and the modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) handled during low-speed flight and landing.
		The Enterprise, a prototype of the Space Shuttles, and the SCA were flown to conduct the approach and landing tests at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, from February to October 1977.
	grin.hq.nasa.gov /ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-000218.html (466 words)

	Fulton Bio (89) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SETTING: On 12 October 1977, at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards AFB, California, the Space Shuttle Enterprise, with astronaut Joe Engle in command, was poised for its fourth free flight from the NASA Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, piloted by "Fitz" Fulton.
		In the absence of the shuttle’s tailcone, it was uncertain if Fulton and his crew could withstand the buffeting and noise created by the shuttle’s high drag configuration.
		In 1977, he was the project pilot of the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft used during space shuttle approach and landing tests.
	www.au.af.mil /au/goe/eaglebios/89bios/fulton89.htm (576 words)

	How the space shuttle flies home. - By Felix Gillette - Slate Magazine
		The shuttle had been scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla., but was diverted due to bad weather.
		The same devices that attach the shuttle to its orange, external fuel tank during blast-off are used to bind the shuttle to its host plane.
		The shuttle is roughly three-fourths the length of the carrier plane.
	www.slate.com /id/2124238 (690 words)

	A Brief History of the Shuttle
		The ground tests included taxi tests of the 747 shuttle carrier aircraft with the Enterprise mated atop the SCA to determine structural loads and responses and assess the mated capability in ground handling and control characteristics up to flight takeoff speed.
		In the first four such flights the landing was on a dry lake bed; in the fifth, the landing was on Edwards' main concrete runway under conditions simulating a return from space.
		Two orbiters, Challenger and Discovery, were modified at KSC to enable them to carry the Centaur upper stage in the payload bay.
	www.geocities.com /dragoncomet00/shuttle/Shuttle.html (2917 words)

	747 SCA Shuttle Ferry Flights
		The orbiters are placed atop the SCAs by Mate-Demate Devices, large gantry-like structures which hoist the orbiters off the ground for post-flight servicing, and then mate them with the SCAs for ferry flights.
		This series of eight captive and five free flights with the orbiter prototype Enterprise, in addition to ground taxi tests, validated the aircraft's performance as an SCA, in addition to verifying the glide and landing characteristics of the orbiter configuration -- paving the way for orbital flights.
		NASA 905 was the only SCA used by the space shuttle program until November 1990, when NASA 911 was delivered as an SCA.
	www1.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/movie/747_SCA/HTML/EM-0064-01.html (592 words)

	Shuttle Landing Facility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The NASA Shuttle Landing Facility (IATA: TTS, ICAO: KTTS) is an airport located near the city of Titusville in Brevard County, Florida, USA.
		It is a part of the John F. Kennedy Space Center and is used by the NASA Space Shuttle for landing, as well as takeoffs and landings of various military and civilian aircraft, such as the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
		The runway surface consists of an extremely high-friction concrete designed to maximize the braking ability of the Space Shuttle at its high landing speed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NASA_Shuttle_Landing_Facility (304 words)

	Exploring Florida Landings Photograph Gallery
		Splashdown of Gemini 9A carrying astronauts Eugene Cernan and Thomas Stafford at 9:00 a.m., June 6, 1966.
		The Space Shuttle Columbia, returning to KSC after the successful STS-32 mission, is poised atop the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) as the duo fly by the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at KSC January 26, 1990.
		The Space Shuttle orbiter Endeavour and its crew of six glide in to Runway 15 at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility after spending nine days in space on the STS-72 mission, the first Shuttle flight of 1996.
	fcit.usf.edu /florida/photos/nasa/landng/landng.htm (558 words)

	STS
		To finance the Shuttle in the austere 1970’s, already-built Apollo hardware that would have supported a second Skylab mission was sent to museums and American manned space flight went into a long hiatus.
		When the shuttle Challenger exploded and the entire US space lift program was shut down for almost a year, the fallacy of this situation was exposed.
		But the shuttle program also was hit with delays and before the first shuttle flew, Skylab burned up in the atmosphere and crashed into the Australian outback on July 11, 1979.
	www.astronautix.com /project/sts.htm (7998 words)

	Space Shuttle Chronology
		A series of Space Shuttle Approach and Landing tests were conducted by Space Shuttle Enterprise in association with Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) N905NA between February 15, 1977 and October 26, 1977.
		Taxi Tests were intended to verify the taxi characteristics of the SCA on the runway while mated to Space Shuttle Enterprise.
		All Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests were conducted at Edwards Air Force Base, California, with landings either at the concrete runway (04/22) or the dry lake bed runway (17).
	www.spaceline.org /shuttlechron/shuttletest.html (264 words)

	APOD: 2003 August 5 - Shuttle Ferry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boeing 747 airplanes modified to carry a space shuttle on their backs.
		SCA, the 747s were made for commercial flights but bolstered by NASA with several struts, stabilizers, and electronic monitors.
		two aircraft's combined mass is nearly 150,000 kilograms.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap030805.html (97 words)

	[No title]
		Once removed from the jet, the shuttle will be lowered to the ground and then towed to its processing hangar to begin preparations for flying mission STS-121 next March.
		The mission, dedicated strictly to scientific research, is a rare space shuttle flight that does not stop at the international space station.
		During the 16-day trip, the seven-person crew of the shuttle Columbia is working around-the-clock on more than 80 experiments.
	www.lycos.com /info/shuttle--missions.html?page=2 (358 words)

	Enterprise
		Plans to refurbish it as a space-capable orbiter were scrapped, and instead it had a subsequent career as a pathfinder vehicle at launch facilities, a test vehicle for brakes and parachute systems, and a museum piece.
		The ground tests included taxi tests of the 747 shuttle carrier aircraft with the Enterprise mated atop it to determine structural loads and responses and assess the mated capability in ground handling and control characteristics up to flight takeoff speed.
		A wing from the shuttle Enterprise, was equipped with reinforced carbon panels and other heat shield components taken from orbiters that had flown in space.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/entprise.htm (2864 words)

	The Space Shuttle Clickable Map: Orbiter Processing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A due east launch from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida uses the Earth's rotation as a launch assist, since the ground is turning to the east at the point at a speed of 915 miles (1,473 kilometers) per hour.
		The OMS engines are used for major maneuvers in orbit, and to slow the vehicle for re-entry at the end of the mission.
		A typical Shuttle flight lasts from two to ten days, but modifications now being performed will enable some orbiters to stay in space for experiments lasting several weeks.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /~ssa/docs/Space.Shuttle/processing.shtml (803 words)

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