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	Shuttle Ptichka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ptichka ("Птичка" meaning "little bird" in Russian) is an informal nickname for the space shuttle orbiters that were created by the Soviet Union; the name is also often used to refer to the second of the five Soviet space shuttles, a shuttle which was not given an official name.
		The Ptichka shuttle is now being auctioned at 4-50 million $US per craft; Buran, the sole space-flown shuttle, was destroyed in the collapse of a hangar's roof in 2002.
		Ptichka is currently the property of Kazakhstan, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in the MIK Building.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ptichka (311 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its maiden voyage was on April 4, 1983, and it made eight further round trips to low earth orbit before exploding 73 seconds into the launch of its tenth mission, on January 28, 1986.
		Space Shuttle Challenger flew 10 flights, spent 62.41 days in space, completed 995 orbits, and flew 25,803,940 miles (it is unknown to this editor whether these are nautical or statute miles; 41,527,416 km if statute) in total, including its final mission.
		Debris recovered from Space Shuttle Challenger was moved from Kennedy Space Center's Complex 39 to permanent storage in two secure abandoned Minuteman Missile silos at Complex 31 on the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger (539 words)

	Shuttle Buran -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Soviet politicians were convinced that the Space Shuttle could be used for military purposes, hence posing a potential threat to the balance of power during the (A state of political conflict using means short of armed warfare) Cold War.
		The shuttle orbited the (The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live) Earth twice before returning, performing an impressive automated (The act of coming down to the earth (or other surface)) landing on the shuttle runway at (Click link for more info and facts about Baikonur Cosmodrome) Baikonur Cosmodrome.
		The completed shuttles 1.01 and 1.02 ('Ptichka'), and the remains of the project are now property of (A landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991) Kazakhstan.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Sh/Shuttle_Buran.htm (1459 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Shuttle Buran
		Soviet politicians were convinced that the Space Shuttle could be used for military purposes, hence posing a potential threat to the balance of power during the Cold War.
		Because Buran's debut followed Space Shuttle Columbia's and there were visual similarities between the two shuttle systems, during the Cold War many speculated that espionage played a role in the development of the Soviet shuttle.
		The U.S shuttles landings are also mostly automated (there has only been one manually flown re-entry so far), but deployment of the landing gear requires a human to physically press the button.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Buran (1502 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first flight of Columbia was commanded by John Young (a space veteran from the Gemini and Apollo eras) and piloted by Robert Crippen, a rookie who had never been in space before, but who served as a support crew member for the Skylab missions and Apollo-Soyuz.
		Hot gases, called plasma, entered the interior of the wing, destroying the support structure and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart during the intense heat of re-entry.
		Shuttle destroyed during re-entry on February 1, 2003 and all seven astronauts on board killed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia (665 words)

	Encyclopedia: Space Shuttle Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105) is the fifth and final operational NASA space shuttle to be built.
		Illustration of the Buran Shuttle on an Energiya booster rocket Buran-Energia on the launch pad at Baikonur Buran-Energia on the pad Buran on liftoff Buran on touchdown Buran piggybacked on an An-225 carrier Buran shuttle before liftoff.
		Shuttle debris falling over Texas, on Time cover The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was the disintegration of the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-107) over Texas on February 1, 2003, during reentry into the Earths atmosphere.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Space-Shuttle-Discovery (4833 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The grounding of the US space shuttles has caused many to wonder aloud whether the Russian Energia launcher or Shuttle Buran Buran shuttle could be brought back into service.
		Shuttle Buran, alongside with another Soviet space orbiter project, Spiral (spaceplane) Spiral, is used in Sergey Lukyanenko's ''The Stars Are Cold Toys'' novel.
		The Space Shuttle systems, despite upgrades, require human intervention at key points in the flight, and landing is ''always'' done with a human at the controls.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Shuttle_Buran.html (2077 words)

	Space Buran 1.02 'Ptichka'
		Ptichka was the second of the Buran Space Orbiters.
		She was the only shuttle fitted with life support systems at the time of program cancellation.Her first scheduled flight was in 1993, when she was expected to fly by remote to the Mir space station.
		Ptichka, like Buran 1.01, is now the property of Kazakhstan after a space shuttle for credit agreeement (yes it's true!).
	www.k26.com /buran/Future/1.02/space_buran_1_02__ptichka_.html (228 words)

	Energia!
		Unlike the shuttle, four of the new oxygen/hydrogen engines would be clustered at the base of the tank (in the shuttle, three engines are mounted at the base of the shuttle orbiter, and are recovered).
		The Soviet shuttle, it was stated, would have "delta wings and a cigar-shaped fuselage with three powerful rocket motors...overall length 200 feet (60 m) with fuel containers around 26 feet (8 m)".
		The strap-ons of the Energia, the shuttle launcher, and the first stage of the new medium lift launch vehicle seemed to be of similar configuration - 4.5 m in diameter, 35 m long, with a fuelled mass of around 250 tonnes.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/energia.htm (3893 words)

	wiki/Buran Definition / wiki/Buran Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was the fourth shuttle built and as of 2004 is one of the three shuttles remaining in the fleet....
		Ptichka was never finished, but of the Buran shuttles it was the closest to being completed (after the Buran 1.01) when the program was canceled.
		Because Buran's debut followed Space Shuttle Columbia's and there were visual similarities between the two shuttle systems, during the Cold War many speculated that espionageEspionage is the practice of obtaining secrets (spying) from rivals or enemies for military, political, or economic advantage.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Buran (4457 words)

	Russian - buran - Above Top Secret Conspiracy Community
		The Buran could carry larger loads than the US Shuttle, because it carried no main engines, all the lifting power was on the boosters, which were all reusuable.
		Its not like the specs of the shuttle were top secret or anything Im sure they could have wrote to nasa and got info on it,but that thing is a rip off of the american one.
		Ptichka was the second craft and was due to make an unmanned flight in 1991 but never did so.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/thread61661/pg (1691 words)

	The Ultimate Space Shuttle Discovery - American History Information Guide and Reference
		First flown on August 30, 1984, Discovery is the third operational shuttle (excluding test shuttle Enterprise), and the oldest remaining in service.
		Discovery was the shuttle that launched the Hubble Space Telescope, and two of its three service missions were conducted from it.
		It was the first shuttle used in the return to space after the Challenger Disaster, and is scheduled to be the first shuttle used in the return to space after the Columbia Disaster, tentatively scheduled for May 2005.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Space_Shuttle_Discovery (216 words)

	Shuttle Buran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Russian Shuttle Buran ("Snowstorm" in Russian) was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States' Space Shuttle program.
		The first and only orbital launch of the shuttle Buran was at 3:00 GMT on November 15, 1988.
		The autopilot that landed the shuttle was able to overcome a 34 mph crosswind to land within 5 feet of the runway center line.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /rsa/buran.html (330 words)

	Buran F.A.Q.
		According, however, to evaluations by specialists at NPO Molniya, the constructors of the shuttle, the cost of lifting 1 kg of payload with Energia is in the range of 3000-5000 $/kg
		In addition the shuttles were never very efficient things to begin with, so there isn’t much point.
		As well as that there’s a lot of modification that would be needed to fit it on the US shuttle boosters, the main problem being Buran doesn’t have any engines, and the US core boosters engines are on...
	www.k26.com /buran/Info/Site_F_A_Q_/buran_f_a_q_.html (1198 words)

	Buran
		The Russian shuttle Buran was authorized in 1976 in response to the United States' Space Shuttle program.
		Construction of the shuttles began in 1980, and suborbital testing of a scale model began in 1984.
		The first and only orbital flight of the shuttle Buran was on 15 November 1988.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/buran.htm (413 words)

	Buran
		The Soviet reusable spacecraft program Buran (meaning 'snowstorm' or 'blizzard' in Russian) was launched in 1976 as a response to the United States Space Shuttle program.
		This shuttle is an 'analogue' had the same aerodynamic, centre of gravity, and inertial characteristics as the orbiter.
		The first and only orbital launch of the (unmanned) shuttle Buran was at 3:00 GMT on November 15, 1988.
	members.optushome.com.au /spaceflight/buran.htm (413 words)

	Slashdot \| Buy a Russian Space Shuttle
		First (or maybe not first) their space shuttle program was cancelled and never flew (even though they had a better shuttle design than NASA), then MIR was decommisioned, then they started selling trips to space, and now they're selling the Buran.
		The russian space shuttles are carried by the AN-225 myria [antonovaircargo.com], one BIG airplane indeed (it has a payload of over twice hat of the C-5).
		I was under the impression that there was some human control involved once the shuttle is in orbit, for operating the maneuvering jets to dock with space stations and hover "under" satellites for the robot arm.
	slashdot.org /articles/02/05/10/1315200.shtml?tid=160 (9991 words)

	~~\|~~ Cosmonaut Training Center at Star City, Russia ~~
		The American shuttle design was studied intensively by Russian rocket scientists, but aspects of it were rejected based on Soviet engineering analysis.
		The first and only orbital launch of the shuttle Buran was on November 15, 1988.
		The autopilot that landed the shuttle was able to overcome a 34 mph crosswinds.
	nowscape.com /star_city/Buran.html (259 words)

	X-Plane.Org Forum > On the subject of the space shuttle, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She was the only shuttle fitted with life support systems at the time of program cancellation.
		All the shuttles receive retrofits with new avionics and equipment, and despite the fact that the airframe is the same as what NASA built in the 70's, what's inside that airframe is as modern as it gets.
		While the shuttle fleet has been significantly upgraded in both electronic systems and new SSMEs, it is still a relative dinosaur that has been kept alive by funding cuts to succesors and the combined lobbying powers of Boeing and Lockheed-Martin, which comprise United Space Alliance -- the sole contractor for the shuttle systems.
	forums.x-plane.org /lofiversion/index.php/t655.html (3560 words)

	Shuttle Buran biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Energiya carrier, including the main engines, was not re-usable (the US Space Shuttle has reuseable main engines in the orbiter, while the Solid Rocket Boosters are also reused)
		This is a capability that the U.S. shuttle system does not have, but one which has been proposed for inclusion in the future to allow unmanned operation.
		It was bought by the Sinsheim Auto and Technik Museum, but has not yet been transported to Germany.
	shuttle-buran.biography.ms (1141 words)

	Russian Aviation Page: News: Periodicals Abstracts: 1988
		The USSR's successful launch of the shuttle orbiter Buran significantly expands its capability to orbit large payloads and continues the Soviet policy of using all-liquid propellant propulsion systems.
		An editorial asserts that the success of the Soviet Buran/Energia space shuttle mission should be taken as a reminder that an aggressive, broadly based space program is an integral part of the USSR's national policy.
		The modified MiG-25 fighter aircraft ejection seats installed in the Soviet Union's new space shuttle are designed for a relatively wide operating envelope during launch and landing recovery phases.
	aeroweb.lucia.it /~agretch/News/Periodicals88.html (1495 words)

	No Pilots in Future Space Shuttles (NASA narrows field for shuttle replacement) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The space shuttle lacks a viable crew escape system for launch, something that is crucial if NASA hopes to achieve its desired safety margin, Smith said.
		The replacement for NASA's aging space shuttles may take off like a plane, be propelled by booster rockets that fly back to Earth and, in one of the more radical moves, eliminate pilots.
		So the shuttle would have a crew on one mission but on the next, it could just be an unmanned transport to the ISS.
	freerepublic.com /focus/news/676323/posts (3071 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Soviet Buran Space Shuttle
		Unlike the US Shuttle, this basic core and strap-on system could also be used as an independent rocket in its own right.
		This vehicle was instead known by the unofficial nickname Ptichka for "little bird." The next three vehicles represented a second-generation shuttle rated for manned flight through the addition of an improved flight deck, life support systems, and ejection seats.
		The Buran, Ptichka, and test vehicles at Baikonur are now the sole property of Kazakhstan having been bartered to the independent republic in exchange for Russia's continued use of Baikonur's launch facilities.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/spacecraft/q0153.shtml (3163 words)

	Ônibus Espacial - Wikipédia
		Ônibus Espacial (Space Shuttle; em Portugal: Vaivém Espacial) é o veículo parcialmente reutilizável usado pela Nasa (agência espacial dos EUA) como veículo lançador e espaçonave para suas missões tripuladas.
		Ainda devemos citar os dois veículos reutilizáveis da URSS, chamados Buran e Ptichka.
		O transporte de satélites e sondas espaciais, o reparo ou resgate de artefatos que estão em órbita e a realizações de pesquisas científicas são as príncipais funções do Space Shuttle.
	pt.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle (1037 words)

	Russian Shuttle Buran, Slightly Used, Goes Up for Auction Today
		Several other copies of the Russian shuttle were built as part of a test program and through the years have all become known by the name Buran.
		Russia's shuttle Buran sits on its launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome awaiting a November 1988 liftoff.
		But after the radio station's lawyers looked at the agreements and mulled it over, they agreed everything appeared in order, Baker said, adding she has no doubts about the authenticity of the offer or the legitimacy of the company they are dealing with.
	www.space.com /news/spacehistory/buran_auction_020509.html (963 words)

	Soviet Shuttle Found in Persian Gulf — Paper - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The find could be a pre-production model of the Buran (Snowstorm) space shuttle that was launched into space only once, on November 15, 1988.
		In May 2002, the flight version of the Buran orbiter was destroyed when the roof collapsed at the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
		The other shuttle called Ptichka (Little Bird) built in 1990 was not launched at all, and the program officially ended in 1993.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/09/23/shuttle.shtml (840 words)

	Raumfahrt Russland - Sputnik, Wostok, Sojus, Mir Buran
		Schon 1966 begannen erste Entwicklungen für ein sowjetisches Shuttle.
		Der Buran hatte keinen Nutzwert mehr, denn seine Aussenhülle hatte den Jungfernflug nur auf den ersten Blick unbeschadet überstanden.
		Das speziell ausgebildete Kosmonauten-Team kam somit auf keinem der Shuttles zum Einsatz.
	www.raumfahrtgeschichte.de /space4/page3d.htm (1209 words)

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