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Topic: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

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Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

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	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
		SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an 11-day mission in February of 2000.
		SRTM is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
		As with the other SRTM data for regions outside the United States the new set is sampled at 3 arc-seconds, which is 1/1200th of a degree of latitude and longitude, or about 90 meters (295 feet).
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /srtm (399 words)

	tScholars.com \| Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is a research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date.
		SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during the 11-day STS-99 mission in February of 2000.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission (543 words)

	The Greatest Mission You've Never Heard About - The Planetary Society Blog \| The Planetary Society
		Some years ago, before I returned to Cassini to be the Mission Planner, I had the honor of working on a great project called the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and it was one of the most amazing professional experiences of my career.
		JPL's Ulysses and Galileo spacecraft were launched aboard the Space Shuttle; JPL built the Wide Field and Planetary Camera capturing pictures on board the Hubble Space Telescope, also orbited by the Shuttle; and the Shuttle carried imaging radar to study the Earth on no fewer than four missions (SRTM being the most recent).
		Our mission was to extend the capabilities of the previous flights by reusing the existing radar antennas and adding a second, outboard antenna to be deployed on a sixty-meter mast from the payload bay.
	www.planetary.org /blog/article/00000704 (1436 words)

	science@nasa - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
		To acquire topographic (elevation) data, the SRTM payload was outfitted with two radar antennas, and a technique called radar interferometry was used.
		One antenna was located in the shuttle's payload bay, the other on the end of a 60-meter (200-foot) mast that extended from the payload pay once the Shuttle was in space.
		SRTM is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), NASA, NIMA, and the German and Italian space agencies.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /missions/satellite_5.htm (492 words)

	STS-99 Detail Page for Overview: Space Radar Mission To Detail the Earth's Surface
		The imaging radar will be able to capture landscapes that have been sculpted through the millennia, with the passage of ice ages and periods of warmer weather.
		While it is possible to obtain the second radar image on a subsequent orbit using a single radar system, it is difficult to measure the separation between the two passes to the required millimeter accuracy.
		SRTM is the culmination of a broad arc of technological innovation.
	www.shuttlepresskit.com /STS-99/OVR103.htm (1092 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Sharp maps released from space shuttle mission
		Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data are being processed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif., into research-quality digital-elevation models one continent at a time.
		NASA began processing mission data in April 2002 and expects to have all mission data processed and delivered to NIMA by the end of this year.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Feb. 11-22, 2000) made 3-D measurements of more than 80 percent of Earth's landmass between 60 degrees north and 56 degrees south of the equator, areas home to nearly 95 percent of the world's population.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0207/12srtm (1485 words)

	Alumna, Draper, faculty involved in shuttle radar mission - MIT News Office
		Using the shuttle's inertial measurement unit as well as sensors on the SRTM payload, Draper engineers determined the natural frequency, amplitude and damping characteristics of the combined structure and verified that the shuttle's attitude control system would remain stable when the mast was fully deployed.
		The original goal of the SRTM mission was to create a digital topographic map of the Earth's surface, consisting of contours with 30-meter horizontal spacing and with a vertical resolution of 10 meters in relative height and 16 meters in absolute elevation.
		Preliminary results from the mission indicate that the actual mapping resolution may be improved by a factor of three because of improved SRTM attitude and pointing accuracy, reduced thermal expansion and bending of the SRTM mast, and improvements in the electrical phase error of the measured signal.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2000/voss-0308.html (1049 words)

	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Fact Sheet 071-03 (June 2004)
		The SRTM is a joint project between NASA and NGA to map the Earth's land surface in three dimensions at a level of detail unprecedented for such a large area.
		The SRTM data were collected specifically with a technique known as interferometry that allows image data from dual radar antennas to be processed for the extraction of ground heights.
		The SRTM dataset provides a recent snapshot of the Earth's land surface, which is useful for comparing against historical elevation data like the USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) to assess changes to the landscape, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
	mac.usgs.gov /isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07103.html (1099 words)

	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is a research effort that obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date.
		SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an 11-day mission in February of 2000.
		One antenna was located in the Shuttle's payload bay, the other on the end of a 60-meter (200-foot) mast that extended from the payload pay once the Shuttle was in space.
	www.punweb.com /article/SRTM (142 words)

	Shuttle radar topography mission accuracy assessment and evaluation for hydrologic modeling
		The main goals of this thesis were to investigate quality issues of SRTM, provide measures of vertical accuracy with emphasis on low relief areas, and to analyze the performance for the generation of physical boundaries and streams for watershed modeling and characterization.
		The absolute and relative accuracy of the two SRTM resolutions, at 1 and 3 arc-seconds, were investigated to generate information that can be used as a reference in areas with similar characteristics in other regions of the world.
		Spatial relationships among the bare-earth National Elevation Data and SRTM were also analyzed to assess the relative accuracy that was 2.33 meters in terms of the total standard deviation for flat areas of central Indiana with a positive bias for SRTM relative to the national elevation dataset.
	docs.lib.purdue.edu /dissertations/AAI3210754 (524 words)

	USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) EROS, Sioux Falls, SD
		SRTM DTED® Level 1 values are derived from the SRTM DTED® 2 values such that the DTED® 1 values are identical to the DTED® 2 values at coincident points.
		However, the SRTM DTED® 1 values are spaced 3 arc seconds apart between 0 degrees and 50 degrees latitude, and spaced 3 arc seconds apart in latitude and 6 arc seconds apart in longitude between 50 degrees and 60 degrees latitude.
		SRTM DTED® elevations are with respect to the reflective surface.
	edc.usgs.gov /products/elevation/srtmdted.html (839 words)

	Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
		Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
		Unlike earlier missions, SRTM will use single-pass interferometry, which means that the two images will be acquired at the same time -- one from the radar antennas in the shuttle's payload bay, the other from the radar antennas at the end of a 60-meter (200-foot) mast extending from the shuttle.
		SHUTTLE Voice of America 18 February 2000 -- The radar mapping mission of the U-S space shuttle Endeavour may be extended because of extraordinary fuel conservation measures by the astronauts and flight control team.
	www.fas.org /irp/program/collect/isfar.htm (1592 words)

	EADS N.V. - TerraSAR-X - New Quality of Earth Observation
		With the shuttle radar mission in 1994, the X-SAR instrument built by EADS Astrium and financed by DLR provided further evidence of the capabilities of this Earth observation technology.
		In 2000, in the framework of another DLR-financed project, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), new data were gathered with improved technology on board the space shuttle Endeavour which allowed a three-dimensional map of the Earth to be created.
		The radar data gathered by the satellite are initially stored on board and transmitted to the ground, when the satellite passes over the DLR ground station in Neustrelitz.
	www.eads.net /1024/en/pressdb/archiv/2004/en_20041111_terrasar.html (1714 words)

	Shuttle Radar Topography
		The missions demonstrated that radar data from space could be combined and used in many areas of science and earth observation.
		In the future, radar imaging of the world's oceans on a continuing basis may allow oceanographers to detect and clean up oil spills much more swiftly than is currently possible.
		During the second flight of the Shuttle spaceborne radar in October 1994 an experiment was conducted to differentiate between oil spills and natural slicks floating on the sea.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /file.cfm?filename=sts99srt (899 words)

	STS-99
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission mast was deployed successfully to its full length, and the antenna was turned to its operation position.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was an international project spearheaded by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and NASA, with participation of the German Aerospace Center DLR.
		The result of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was close to 1 trillion measurements of the Earth's topography.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/sts99.htm (4437 words)

	STS-99
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is an international project spearheaded by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and NASA, with participation of the German Aerospace Center DLR.
		SRTM uses C-band and X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radars (IFSARs) to acquire topographic data of Earth's land mass (between 600N and 560S).
		The result of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission could be close to 1 trillion measurements of the Earth's topography.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/sts-99/mission-sts-99.html (2322 words)

	GIS \| Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - GISWiki
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is an international research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date.
		SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during the 11-day en:STS-99 mission in February of 2000.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is an international project spearheaded by the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
	en.giswiki.net /wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission (518 words)

	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) "Finished" FAQ
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is a joint project between NASA and NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency) to map the world in three dimensions.
		SRTM data were processed from raw radar echoes into digital elevation models at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, CA.
		The SRTM "finished" data meet the absolute horizontal and vertical accuracies of 20 meters (circular error at 90% confidence) and 16 meters (linear error at 90% confidence), respectively, as specified for the mission.
	seamless.usgs.gov /website/seamless/faq/srtm_faq.asp (1679 words)

	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at GFZ
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is one of the most significant mapping surveys from space of our planet ever undertaken, using precisely positioned radars to map its surface in close-up.
		Over 11 days, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) gathered enough data to produce a new three-dimensional map of virtually the entire globe - some 80 percent of the Earth's land mass, covering an area between the southern tip of Greenland and South Georgia close to the Antarctic Circle.
		SRTM is a joint project between NASA, the United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI).
	www.gfz-potsdam.de /pb1/op/altimetry/srtm/main_SRTM.html (313 words)

	Shuttle Radar Clears The Air On Central America's Topography
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's synthetic aperture imaging radar was able to penetrate that cloud cover, allowing the region to be mapped more precisely than ever before.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, flown from Feb. 11 to Feb. 22, 2000, made 3-D measurements of the more than 80 percent of Earth's landmass between 60 degrees north and 56 degrees south of the equator, areas home to nearly 95 percent of the world's population.
		The mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/radar-02i.html (577 words)

	Thiele
		This was a side-looking radar that digitally mapped with unprecedented accuracy the entire land surface of the Earth between latitudes 60 deg N and 54 deg S. Sponsors of the flight included the US National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), NASA, and the German and Italian space agencies.
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's mapping operation continues to run smoothly, with about 17.7 million square miles of the Earth's surface having been mapped by 7 p.m.
		New radar images of Brazil, South Africa and the South Island of New Zealand were unveiled this afternoon by elated scientists of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/thiele.htm (1855 words)

	Mapping the Earth - the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission : GIS Lounge - Geographic Information Systems
		One of its missions is an ambitious mapping of the earth.
		The project is called the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), an international project spearheaded by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and NASA, with the participation of the German Aerospace Center DLR and the Italian Space Agency (ASI).
		Radar interferometry is known as an active imaging technique because unlike traditional optical remote sensing techniques such as aerial photography and imaging spectroscopy where the sensor passively records the reflectance characteristics of the terrain below, radar emits a signal and records the return characteristics of that signal.
	gislounge.com /data/mapping-the-earth-the-shuttle-radar-topography-mission (944 words)

	The Shuttle Radar Topography Mapper
		The Shuttle Radar Topography Mapper (SRTM), is a cooperative project between NASA and the Defense Mapping Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.
		The mission is designed to use a single-pass radar interferometer to produce a digital elevation model of the Earth's land surface between about 60 degrees north and south latitude.
		SRTM will use the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) that flew twice on the Shuttle Endeavour in 1994.
	earth.esa.int /symposia/fringe_1996/farr-kob (181 words)

	Elevation for the Eastern Caribbean (meters, 90 m grid)
		SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994.
		The mission is a cooperative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense and the German and Italian space agencies.
		The objective of the SRTM mission is to obtain elevation radar data on a near-global scale and generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of the Earth.
	www.wri.org /governance/pubs_content_text.cfm?cid=3402 (771 words)

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