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Topic: Siachen Glacier

	Himalayan Glaciers, Himalayan Tours, Glaciers in Jammu Kashmir, Uttaranchal and Himachal
		The Siachen glacier lies in the extreme north-central part of Jammu and Kashmir near the border of India and Tibet.
		The Baltoro glacier is situated on the southern slopes of the central Karakoram Range in the Baltistan area of Jammu and Kashmir.
		Doonagiri glacier is 5.5-km long, extending between an elevation from it head 5,150m to the snout 4,240m, which is the terminal point of the glacier.
	himalayas.indiantravelportal.com /himalayan-glaciers.html (820 words)

	Siachin Glacier, Glaciers in Tibet, Adventure Tourism in Jammu Kashmir, Tourism in Jammu Kashmirm, North India Travel
		The trunk glacier and its tributaries are in the form of a vast ice field, particularly during the winter season when there is continuous snowfall for several weeks at a stretch.
		The central part of this glacier, however, is a vast snowfield.
		This glacier encompasses a vast are in winter.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /jammu-kashmir/glaciers/siachen-glacier.html (367 words)

	Siachen Glacier: The story with pictures
		Siachen is the world's largest non-polar glacier, and thus is sometimes referred to as the third pole.
		The Siachen(the place of roses) glacier, 72 km, in the East Karakoram is one of the longest glaciers in the Himalaya and Karakoram.
		Clothing used in the glacier is washed at the hot water sulphur springs on the banks of the Nubra at Panamik, a village near the base camp.
	www.siachenglacier.com /indian-army-activity-siachen.html (2922 words)

	THE SIACHEN GLACIER 1984 to 1998
		Siachen Glacier, is claimed to be the world’s highest battleground.
		Siachen Glacier is an inhospitable terrain which provides sub-human conditions with the temperature going below 35 degrees Celsius.
		This nexus is because (a) the Siachen Glacier crosses the Line of Control (b) the Political dimension.
	defencejournal.com /jan99/glacier.htm (1435 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Siachen Glacier
		The 70 km (43.5 mile) long Siachen glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge line immediately to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east.
		In spite of the severe climate, the word 'Siachen' ironically means 'the place of wild roses', a reference some people attribute to the abundance of Himalayan wildflowers found in the valleys below the glacier, but which specifically refers to the thorny wild plants which grow on the rocky outcrops.
		The conflict in Siachen stems from the confusion in the improperly demarcated territory on the map beyond the map coordinate known as NJ9842.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Siachen_Glacier (1466 words)

	Siachen Glacier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is one of the five largest glaciers in the Karakoram, situated at an average altitude of 5,400 meters (~17,700 feet) above sea level.
		The 78 km long Siachen glacier lies between the Saltoro ridge line to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east.
		The glacier's melting waters are the source of the river Indus, a vital water source for both India and Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siachen_Glacier (1127 words)

	Articles - Glacier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Geologic features associated with glaciers include end, lateral, ground and medial moraines that form from glacially transported rocks and debris; U-shaped valleys and corries (cirques) at their heads, and the ´´glacier fringe´´, which is the area where the glacier has recently melted into water.
		Outlet glaciers are formed by the movement of ice from a polar ice cap, or an ice cap from mountainous regions, to the sea.
		Glacial erratics are rounded boulders that were left by a melting glacier and are often seen perched precariously on exposed rock faces after glacial retreat.
	www.zdiamond.net /articles/Glacier (4078 words)

	Siachen Glacier: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is the planet's largest alpine glacier outside the poles, and thus is sometimes referred to as the third pole.
		The glacier is also the highest battleground (battleground: A region where a battle is being (or has been) fought) on Earth where India and Pakistan have fought intermittently for the past 17 years.
		The glacier's melting waters are the source of the Indus River (Indus River: An Asian river; flows into the Arabian Sea), crucial to both India and Pakistan.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/siachen_glacier (504 words)

	Siachen Glacier: All about the glacier, the conflict, the politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The glacier is the highest battleground on Earth, where India and Pakistan have fought intermittently since 1984.
		Siachen is the world's largest non-polar glacier, and thus is sometimes referred to as the third pole.
		India has also built the world`s highest helipad on this glacier at a place called Sonam, which is 21,000 feet above the sea level, to serve the area and ensure that her troops are kept supplied via helicopter support (adding to considerable cost).
	www.siachenglacier.com (1204 words)

	Zee News - Siachen glacier melting fast due to military activity: study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Siachen glacier was rapidly melting because of the ongoing military activity at the highest flashpoint of the world, according to the study conducted by Arshad H Abbasi, a consultant for the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
		Siachen is the longest glacier in the non-polar regions from where the Nubara river originates and is a source of the Indus river in Pakistan which caters to 75 per cent of its irrigational requirements.
		Siachen, along with several other major tributary glaciers, reduced their volume by 35 per cent during the last twenty years and retreating at the rate of 110 metres per year.
	www.zeenews.com /articles.asp?aid=345084&sid=ENV&ssid=26 (352 words)

	The Conflict at Siachen
		The Siachen Glacier region, where no fighting had taken place, was left un-delineated, and no attempt was made to clarify the position of the LoC beyond NJ 9842.
		Since the Siachen Glacier region falls within the un-delineated territory beyond the last defined section of the LoC, map grid-point NJ 9842, Indian and Pakistani territorial claims are based on their respective interpretations of the vague language contained in the 1949 and 1972 agreements.
		Pakistan claims the Siachen Glacier is a part of the country's northern areas, over which it enjoyed continued administrative control since her independence from the British Raj in 1947.
	www.cobrapost.com /documents/Siachen0.htm (2238 words)

	Asia Times Online :: South Asia news - India's army digs in over Siachen
		The officer said the glacier is of strategic and diplomatic significance to India and that the two sides would have to mark current troop positions formally before any withdrawal could be considered.
		Siachen is one problem area that the two sides have identified as an issue that could be resolved.
		On the eve of the foreign secretary-level talks, Pakistan said resolution of the Siachen issue would be achieved in a "matter of days'' as the two countries have been able to narrow down their differences to a large extent.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/HK16Df01.html (1273 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Siachen Glacier flows in the valley formed by the Saltoro ridge to its west and the Eastern Karakorams.
		The Siachen dispute originated because the boundary in Jammu and Kashmir after the Karachi Agreement of 1949 was not fully demarcated.
		That Siachen rankles in the Pakistani mind is evident from the fact that the Kargil misadventure, some in Pakistan claim, was aimed at undoing the Indian takeover of Siachen.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040801/asp/opinion/story_3567855.asp (1788 words)

	CMC Occasional Paper: Freezing the Fighting: Military Disengagement on the Siachen Glacier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		India's declared policy on the Siachen dispute is to interpret "thence northwards to the glaciers" to mean that the LOC proceeds form NJ 9842 along the watershed line of the Saltoro range.
		Siachen is thus portrayed as a regional issue by Pakistani officials as opposed to Kashmir, which, it is stressed, is an international issue.
		While Pakistani troops are stationed outside the glacier, in less forbidding terrain that their Indian adversaries, the Pakistani military presence forces India to retain its troops on the more elevated and hazardous mountain passes, resulting in higher attrition rates because of the dangerous altitude, weather, and terrain.
	www.cmc.sandia.gov /links/cmc-papers/sand-98-0505-1/980505-1-40.html (2655 words)

	Defenceindia : Special Stories : Siachen Glacier
		The Siachen(the place of roses) glacier, 72 km, in the East Karakoram is one of the longest glaciers in the Himalaya and Karakoram.
		This was to reinforce their claim on the area as these expeditions arrived on the glacier with a permit obtained from the Government of Pakistan.
		Clothing used in the glacier is washed at the hot water sulphur springs on the banks of the Nubra at Panamik, a village near the base camp.
	www.defenceindia.com /def_common/siachen.html (2756 words)

	The Buildup to Operation Meghdoot
		Siachen Glacier is the highest battlefield in the world.
		Siachen air operations of today are a far cry from the "drawing water from the well" procedure of 1978.
		Siachen is where only one type of pilot operates - the brave and a notch above the average; where only one type of technician succeeds - once again the brave and a step above the average.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /IAF/History/1990s/Siachen01.html (1883 words)

	SIACHEN: THE STALEMATE CONTINUES
		It lies to the north east of Siachen glacier.
		The 78 km long Siachin glacier is hemmed in between the Saltoro ridge line to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east.
		Indian occupation of Siachen can hardly threaten Sino-Pak Karakoram highway, as the highway is nearly 200 km of broken mountainous terrain away from Siachen.
	www.kashmirsentinel.com /apr1999/3.9.html (1730 words)

	Siachen Glacier / Operation Meghdoot
		Since 1984, the "snow-warriors" of India and Pakistan have been locked in supremacy for the control of Siachen glacier.
		The Siachen glacier is the great Himalayan watershed that demarcates central Asia from the Indian sub-continent, and that separates Pakistan from China in this region.
		The Saltoro ridge originates from the Sia Kangri in the Karakoram range and the altitudes range from 18,000 to 24,000 ft. The major passes on this ridge are Sia La at 20,000 ft and Bila Fond La at 19,000 ft.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/siachen.htm (563 words)

	Himadventures- Ladakh Glacier-Home
		Known as the largest glacier in the world outside Polar regions, it is a vast snowfield with rocks and boulders on it’s side with a length of 72 km.
		Siachen glacier is located in the extreme north central part of Jammu and Kashmir near the border of India and Tibet.
		Siachen glacier feeds the Shaksgam or Mutzgah river that flow parallel to the Karakoram range before entering Tibet.
	www.himadventures.com /glaciers/ladakh/siachen-glacier.html (146 words)

	Sciachen & LoC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Since Siachen Glacier is Not Physically connected to India (meaning that there is No Natural Ground Routes connecting India and Siachen Glacier), India used its Air Force to drop all of its forces at Siachen Glacier.
		Siachen Glacier is Well Inside Pakistan, and Pakistan is fighting an Aggressor who is 5 times its size.
		Siachen Glacier is the Worlds Biggest Glacier outside the two Poles.
	www.pakistanidefence.com /Info/LocSeach1.html (321 words)

	Kalam visits Siachen Glacier - Sify.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Siachen Glacier Base Camp: Making the first Presidential visit to the world's highest battlefield, Siachen Glacier, calling it "the most important one", A P J Abdul Kalam today told soldiers posted at the icy heights that the survival of the glacier was very crucial for the country.
		Kalam, who is also the supreme commander of the armed forces, spoke at length about the dangers of environmental degradation of the 72-kms long glacier due to human presence.
		Describing the glacier as one of the water arteries of the country, he commended the efforts of soldiers in defending such inhospitable heights and urged them to keep the glacier ecology clean as otherwise any imbalance created could be catastrophic not only for the country, but for the region as a whole.
	sify.com /fullstory.php?id=13445431 (389 words)

	IMF - Siachen Glacier's First Explorers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1848 Henry Starchy was the first to discover the existence of the Saichar glacier and ascended it for two miles from the snout in the Nubra valley.
		Looking down to the Siachen glacier from the north he felt that this was the main axis of the Karakoram.
		Longstaff climbed up from the Siachen snout in the south and observed the same peaks, as he had identified them from Bilafond la. Thus, he conclusively proved the length of Siachen glacier and the actual location of the Turkestan la (North).
	www.indmount.org /imfsgfirstexplorers.html (439 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - GeoQuiz: Siachen Glacier
		For 19 years, Indian and Pakistani soldiers have faced off on the Siachen glacier, the largest alpine glacier on Earth and the world’s highest battleground.
		The Siachen glacier is found in the Karakoram mountains of Pakistan at the western end of the Himalayan mountain chain.
		The glacier's melting waters are the source of the river Indus, a critical source of water for both India and Pakistan.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/621.php (220 words)

	CNN.com - Siachen: The world's highest cold war - Sep. 17, 2003
		Mention Siachen to anyone bar Indians and Pakistanis and it will mean little, but for those on the sub-continent it is the ultimate symbol in the dispute over Kashmir.
		On the edge of the glacial moraine soldiers live in igloos called Bana or Bhim in Hindi and are served an extravagant menu whilst clothed in the expensive high altitude gear.
		The glacier is the most prominent feature of the Saltoro mountain range, which lies at the extreme northwest of India's Karakorum region.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/05/20/siachen.kashmir (748 words)

	Siachen Glacier: Peace Crowns Killing Field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		"The possibility of a troop withdrawal from the Siachen Glacier was discussed Sunday at a meeting in New Delhi between Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
		The 47-mile Siachen is also one of the longest outside the Arctic and Antarctic regions and is often called the third pole.
		It’s all been about land, that is, glacier "land." Who gets what route, what passage to China and back, control over a mass and so forth and so forth.
	magic-city-news.com /printer_3698.shtml (512 words)

	News: India - Pakistan, Pakistan urges India to move on Siachen glacier
		The Siachen glacier is the world's highest battlefield, where thousands of troops are holed up in freezing temperatures and more soldiers have died due to weather than to fighting.
		India has refused to withdraw its troops from the glacier until Pakistan accepts the positions held by the two sides in the icy, barren region.
		Analysts said that was an apparent interim solution to the dispute over the Siachen glacier.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EKOI-6VM4RQ?OpenDocument (611 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| South Asia \| Indian PM visits Siachen glacier
		Mr Singh was visiting the 5,500m Siachen glacier, the first Indian premier to do so.
		It is the world's highest battlefield, more soldiers have died on it from the extreme cold than from enemy fire.
		"Siachen is called the highest battlefield where living is very difficult," Mr Singh is quoted as saying by the Press Trust of India.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/4084886.stm (385 words)

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