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Topic: Sickle cell

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Sickle cell anaemia

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	What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?
		Sickle cell anemia is a serious disease in which the body makes abnormally shaped red blood cells.
		Sickle cell anemia is an inherited (genetic) disorder.
		Red blood cells are produced in the spongy marrow inside the large bones of the body.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html (415 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia
		Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin.
		Sickle cell hemoglobin molecules are stiff and form into the shape of a sickle or a scythe.
		Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease caused by a genetic mutation.
	www.umm.edu /blood/sickle.htm (1687 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia
		Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder, characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain.
		Studies show that in areas where malaria was a problem, children who inherited one sickle hemoglobin gene--and who, therefore, carried the sickle cell trait--had a survival advantage: unlike the children who had normal hemoglobin genes, they survived the malaria epidemics; they grew up, had their own children, and passed on the gene for sickle hemoglobin.
		Sickle cell anemia patients with severe chest or back pain that prevents them from breathing deeply may be able to avoid potentially serious lung complications associated with acute chest syndrome by using an incentive spirometer.
	www.fbhc.org /Patients/Modules/sicklecell.cfm (2696 words)

	Sickle Cell Disease
		Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of the red blood cells characterized by abnormally shaped red cells.
		He or she can also inherit a sickle cell gene from one parent and a different kind of abnormal gene from the other and end up with a different form of sickle cell disease, such as hemoglobin SC disease and hemoglobin S-thalassemia.
		Symptoms of sickle cell disease vary and range from mild to severe, and symptoms may be less severe or different in children who have inherited a sickle cell gene from one parent and a different abnormal hemoglobin gene from the other.
	kidshealth.org /parent/medical/heart/sickle_cell_anemia.html (1510 words)

	Sickle cell anemia - Genetics Home Reference
		Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that affects hemoglobin, a protein that enables red blood cells to carry oxygen to all parts of the body.
		Sickle cell anemia is characterized by a low number of red blood cells (anemia), infection, and periodic episodes of pain, usually beginning in early childhood.
		Mutations in the HBB gene cause sickle cell anemia.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=sicklecellanemia (794 words)

	Sickle Cell Trait
		In adults with sickle cell disease there may be congestion and hemorrhage around terminal arterioles, fibrosis and thickening of terminal arteriolar walls, discreet infarcts, and scattered siderofibrotic and calcified nodules, the characteristic chronic lesion left at the end of hemorrhage or infarction.
		When patients with sickle cell trait present with substantial bleeding the standard practice in the past was to place patients at bed rest under sedation in hospital, and give intra-venous hydration, reduce tonicity by infusion of water, alkalinize the urine by giving sodium bicarbonate, and administer diuretics to sustain a high urine output.
		Sickle cell trait is an important risk factor for early onset of renal failure in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (37).
	sickle.bwh.harvard.edu /sickle_trait.html (9974 words)

	Sickle cell and African-Americans
		Sickle cell disease is a generic term for a group of genetic disorders characterized by the predominance of hemoglobin S (Hb S).
		These disorders include sickle cell anemia, the sickle beta thalassemia syndromes, and hemoglobinopathies in which Hb S is in association with another abnormal hemoglobin that not only can participate in the formation of hemoglobin polymers but also is present in sufficient concentration to enable the red cells to sickle.
		The lung, as the recipient of deoxygenated sickle cells that escape from the spleen or bone marrow, may be at special risk for vasoocclusion and infarction.
	www.blackhealthcare.com /BHC/SickleCell/Description.asp (1008 words)

	Sickle cell disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sickle cell disease describes a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by chronic anemia, painful events, and various complications due to associated tissue and organ damage.
		Because sickle cell diseases are characterized by the rapid loss of red blood cells as they enter the circulation, they are classified as hemolytic disorders, "hemolytic" referring to the destruction of the cell membrane of red blood cells resulting in the release of hemoglobin.
		Stroke in sickle cell disease is usually caused by a blockage of a blood vessel, but about one fourth of the time may be caused by a hemorrhage (or rupture) of a blood vessel.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/sickle_cell_disease.jsp (5425 words)

	Pain Medicine & Palliative Care
		Sickle cell disease is the name given to a group of illnesses that are a result of red blood cells that become misshapen.
		Sickle cell disease is not contagious, meaning that it cannot be spread from person to person through the air or through contact.
		People with any family history of sickle cell disease, or who have the disease, may want to speak with a doctor before having children to find out how likely a child is to be born with the disease.
	www.stoppain.org /education_research/SickleCellPain.html (1326 words)

	Sickle-cell disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The allele responsible for sickle cell anemia is autosomal recessive.
		Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele.
		The origin of the mutation that led to the sickle cell gene was initially thought to be in the Arabian peninsula, spreading to Asia and Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sickle-cell_disease (2846 words)

	Medical References: Sickle Cell Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The symptoms of sickle cell disease are caused by abnormal hemoglobin.
		These are called SS (individuals inherit one sickle cell gene from each parent); SC (the child inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for another abnormal type of hemoglobin called “C”); and S-beta thalassemia (the child inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for beta thalassemia, another inherited anemia).
		A pregnant woman with sickle cell disease is at increased risk of preterm labor and of having a low-birthweight baby.
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/681_1221.asp (2293 words)

	Racial Reality - Sickle Cell
		The frequency of sickle cell trait (Hemoglobin S) in Southern European populations is often used to quantify fl ancestry allegedly acquired via large-scale absorption of slaves in recent history.
		Therefore, the S hemoglobin gene is passed on less frequently in these populations, and the incidence of sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait decreases.
		Sickle cell anemia and even sickle cell trait are enough of a disadvantage in malaria-free parts of the world that their frequency of incidence decreases."
	www.sitesled.com /members/racialreality/sicklecell.html (662 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia (Sickle Cell Disease) Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatments on MedicineNet.com
		Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (an oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells).
		Sickle cell anemia is inherited as an autosomal (meaning that the gene is not linked to a sex chromosome) recessive condition whereas sickle cell trait is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
		Sickle cell trait is present in some two million fls in the United States (8% of the U.S. fl population at birth).
	www.medicinenet.com /sickle_cell/article.htm (514 words)

	Sickle Cell
		Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is caused by the malfunction of the red blood cells in affected individuals causing a very severe form of anemia.
		The gene defect for sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic trait and is unknowingly passed down from generation to generation.
		It is estimated that on average, sickle cell disease affects one of every 1,300 infants in the general population and approximately one of every 400 of African descent.
	www.savebabies.org /diseasedescriptions/sicklecell.php (443 words)

	What is Sickle Cell Anaemia?
		This means that this person has enough normal haemoglobin in their red blood cells to keep the cells flexible and they don't have the symptoms of the sickle cell disorders.
		Another problem is that red blood cells containing sickle haemoglobin do not live as long as the normal 120 days and this results in a chronic state of anaemia.
		When a person is found to have a sickle cell disorder it is important that all members of the family be tested.
	www.sicklecellsociety.org /education/sicklecell.htm (853 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is caused by a change in the chemical composition of the protein (hemoglobin or Hgb) that carries the oxygen inside of the red blood cells (RBC's).
		At the same time, sickle cell patients are in a continuous state of hyperdynamic circulation and therefore, frequently exhibit systolic murmurs.
		The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of the "sickle cell crisis episodes" and to maintain an adequate supply of RBC's to nourish the tissues.
	radlinux1.usuf1.usuhs.mil /rad/home/cases/sickle.html (594 words)

	Evolution: Library: A Mutation Story
		Doctors noticed that patients who had sickle cell anemia, a serious hereditary blood disease, were more likely to survive malaria, a disease which kills some 1.2 million people every year.
		The sickle cell mutation is a like a typographical error in the DNA code of the gene that tells the body how to make a form of hemoglobin (Hb), the oxygen-carrying molecule in our blood.
		For parents who each carry the sickle cell trait, the chance that their child will also have the trait -- and be immune to malaria -- is 50 percent.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/01/2/l_012_02.html (600 words)

	Sickle Cell Crisis
		Sickle cell disease is the most common of the hereditary blood disorders.
		Sickle cell disease in fl Americans occurs in 3 of every 1,000 (or about 1 in 375) live births.
		The first account of what was then called sickle cell anemia in the medical literature was in 1910.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /sickle_cell_crisis/article_em.htm (369 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia
		Symptoms and complications may also be experienced by people who have one sickle cell gene copy and one altered gene copy of another abnormal hemoglobin variant (doubly heterozygous), such as hemoglobin C or thalassemia.
		Other complications of sickle cell disease may include gallstones, bone necrosis, kidney disease, increased risk of infection, leg ulcers, retinopathy (disease of the retina in the eye), and priapism (sustained erection).
		The sickle cell genetic alteration/mutation is found predominantly in people of African ancestry but may also be found in those who can trace their roots to the Mediterranean area, South and Central America, the Middle East, India, and the Caribbean.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/conditions/sickle.html (705 words)

	Sickle cell anemia - MayoClinic.com
		Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia — a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.
		Under normal circumstances, your red blood cells are flexible and round, and they move easily through your blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of your body.
		In people with sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid and sticky and are shaped like sickles or crescent moons.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324 (246 words)

	eMedicine - Anemia, Sickle Cell : Article by Ali Taher, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pathophysiology: Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that results from the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta-globin gene, leading to production of a defective form of hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS).
		Sickle pulmonary disease is due to a chronic hypoxic state, recurrent infarctions, and infections.
		Patients who are pregnant and have sickle cell disease are at increased risk for crisis, toxemia, pyelonephritis, thrombophlebitis, and spontaneous abortion compared to the general population.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic26.htm (4602 words)

	Sickle cell anemia: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
		Children with sickle cell anemia need to start taking the antibiotic penicillin when they reach 2 to 4 months of age and continue until they're 5 years old.
		This procedure allows people with sickle cell anemia to replace their bone marrow — and its sickle-shaped red blood cells — with healthy bone marrow from a donor who doesn't have the disease.
		Because sickle cell anemia is caused by a defective gene, researchers are exploring whether correcting this gene and inserting it into the bone marrow of people with sickle cell anemia will result in the production of normal hemoglobin.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=7 (909 words)

	Sickle Cell Foundation Nigeria - About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The formation of the Sickle Cell Foundation Nigeria was preceded by the formation of Sickle Cell Clubs and the Federation of Sickle Cell Clubs of Nigeria.
		The Sickle Cell Clubs are patient/parent support associations, which are inherently unsuited to addressing other important issues in sickle cell disorder control, such as, research and training of health care personnel in a sustained manner.
		The Sickle Cell Club Annual Public Lecture is a forum designed to enlighten the general public on the dangers, management of the Sickle Cell disorder....
	www.sicklecellfoundation.com /about.asp (209 words)

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