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Topic: Siege of Acre (1291)

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Siege of Acre (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Siege of Acre (1291)- Fall of the final Crusader city in the Levant. Siege of Acre (1189–1191) - during the Third Crusade. Siege of Acre (1799) - during the French Revolutionary Wars. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(disambiguation)   (130 words)

acre_ links_1.html The defenders of Acre had a terrible sight in front of them when Al-Ashraf arrived on 5 April, since he had assembled a hundred siege engines besides the formidable army he had. That Acre would eventually be a target for Muslims was clear in 1289 too, because Papal support was then requested for by a Templar and a Hospitaller sent to Rome. While the siege was on, the Templars fought with renowned valiance. www.allcrusades.com /CASTLES/ISRAEL/ACRE/acre_links_1.html   (797 words)

Amazon.com: Acre 1291 : Bloody sunset of the Crusader states (Campaign): Books: David Nicolle,Graham Turner I found David Nicolle's book on the siege of Acre to be pretty informative considering that there isn't much written about this siege and the fall of the major Crusader city which signaled the end of the Latin kingdom forever. The lead-up to the siege is particularly rambling and unfocused, including a pointless diversion to discuss Mamluke campaigns against the Nubians. For six weeks, the siege dragged on until the Mamluks took the outer wall, which had been breached in several places. www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1841768626?v=glance   (1569 words)

Soldiers 54mm Crusades Knight, Fall of St. John of Acre The cross on the 'coat of plates' and shield were deliberately left a bit ragged to show hand painting during the last desperate days of the siege at Acre. Kit: SRSA034 Crusades Knight, Fall of St John of Acres, 1291 Soldiers 54mm Crusades Knight, Fall of St. John of Acre www.squadron.com /old/srknight/srknight.htm   (96 words)

The Teutonic Order The Teutonic Order was founded in 1190 during the siege of Acre, when a hospital brotherhood was established to care for the many sick German crusaders. After the fall of Acre in 1291 the Grand Master went to Venice, and, following the conquest of Pomerelia in 1309, to Marienburg in Prussia. It was given a building after the conquest of the city, and in 1198 was turned into a military-monastic order on the model of the Hospitallers of Saint John and the Templars. www.heraldica.org /topics/orders/teutonic.htm   (814 words)

Osprey Publishing - Acre 1291 This dahlis was entirely red, and its door opened facing the city of Acre.’ The siege of Acre formally began the next day; meanwhile part of the Sultan’s harem arrived in Damascus on 9 April. That same day al-Malik al-Muzaffar of Hama arrived, followed by his army and siege equipment on the 26th. It took several days to get everything on the road and the last detachment, commanded by Husam al-Din Lajin, only left Damascus on 23 March. www.ospreypublishing.com /title_detail.php?per=41&title=S8626&view=extract   (219 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem On 5 April, 1291, the Sultan Malek-Aschraf appeared before Saint-Jean d'Acre and, despite the courage of its defenders, the city was taken by storm on 28 May. The Kingdom of Jerusalem no longer existed, and none of the expeditions of the fourteenth century succeeded in re-establishing it. Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate. In 1225, Henry of Malta, Admiral of Sicily, came to seek the young princess at Saint-Jean d'Acre, and on 9 November she married Frederick II at Brindisi. www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm   (3021 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem On 5 April, 1291, the Sultan Malek-Aschraf appeared before Saint-Jean d'Acre and, despite the courage of its defenders, the city was taken by storm on 28 May. The Kingdom of Jerusalem no longer existed, and none of the expeditions of the fourteenth century succeeded in re-establishing it. Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate. In 1225, Henry of Malta, Admiral of Sicily, came to seek the young princess at Saint-Jean d'Acre, and on 9 November she married Frederick II at Brindisi. www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm   (3021 words)

Siege of Acre Symbolically, Acre was the last crusader possession in Palestine, finally falling in 1291, one hundred years after the end of the siege. Acre had been the favourite residence of the kings of Jerusalem, as well as the richest of the crusader cities, and was strongly defended, by the sea to the west and south and by strong land walls to the north and east. The recapture of Acre was of major importance for the survival of the crusader kingdoms. www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_acre.html   (1334 words)

Taken from Web Site: http://www In April, 1291, Egyptian Mamelukes laid siege with 160,000 troops to Acre, then one of the few remaining Christian strongholds. The Battle of Culloden was a defeat in 1746 of the Jacobite rebel army of the British prince Charles Edward Stuart (the 'Young Pretender') by the Duke of Cumberland on a stretch of moorland in Inverness‑shire, Scotland. The Battle of Navas de Tolosa was fought in 1212 between Yakub Almansur of the Almohades and the kings of Aragon, Castile and Navarre. christiansbiblestudy.org /williemartin/Famous_Battles.htm   (1334 words)

The Third Crusade 1181-1191 The second battle of Acre the Turkish Army of 60,000 horsemen and 100,000 foot soldiers laid siege to the city. Historical military prints of the Crusades including the battles of Acre, Jerusalem and Arsouf, and Richard the Lionheart (Richard Coeur de Lion) and the Christian crusaders and Saladin and his Muslem Marmalukes. Acre was thoroughly destroyed and all fortifications demolished, May 18th 1291. www.militarygallery.co.uk /crusades.htm   (1334 words)

Ashley/Dominicans: 2 Professors 1200s 1291), Patriarch of Jerusalem who died heroically in the Muslim siege of Acre. In 1223 he was drawn to the Order by Jordan of Saxony and was sent for further study in Bologna and then became a lector of theology in Germany in several houses and finally at Cologne. Albert, born in Lauingen on the Danube in Swabia about 1200, eldest son of a rich noble, studied at Padua, a university always noted for study of the natural sciences, some day to produce Galileo and William Harvey. www.op.org /domcentral/study/ashley/dominicans/ashdom02.htm   (1334 words)

The Medieval Times Vol II No.24 1291 A body of Templars make a night raid on the Moslem camp at the Siege of Acre. www.medtimes.org /archives/v2n24.htm   (1334 words)

1KM1KT ~ View topic - [Templar] Example Characters In 1291, at the Siege of Acre, Roger of Flor disgraced himself and the Order by extorting civilians attempting to leave Acre to escape the Muslim army at the gates. Roger de Flor was born the son of Richard von der Blume, falconer to Emperor Frederick II. He was extremely successful, and by 1302, Roger commanded a fleet of thirty-two galleys and transports and a force of 2,500 men. www.1km1kt.net /forum/viewtopic.php?p=2920&sid=a4ed602eef16bef4f6e59eaff9409ced   (1738 words)

The Crusades Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art In 1291, the Crusader city of Acre fell, and the era of Latin Crusader kingdoms ended. By the end of the Third Crusade (1189–92), however, Crusader forces had gained Cyprus and the city of Acre. In June 1099, the Crusaders began a five-week siege of Jerusalem, which fell in July 1099. www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm   (470 words)

Probert Encyclopaedia: People and Peoples (Abc-Ac) He was born 1273 at Damascus and died in 1331 He took part in the siege of Tripoli in 1289 and the siege of Acre in 1291. After Mohammed died, Abu Bakr was made caliph, or successor to the Prophet, by an assembly of the faithful. His most important work was 'An Abridgment of the History of the Human Race', a book that traces human history until 1329 and is especially valuable as a source for the period of the Crusades. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /C11.HTM   (470 words)

History of the Order The knights were mentioned as being present at the battle of Gaza in 1244 and at the final siege in 1291 when Acre fell to the greatly superior Mameluke forces. The Duke, a descendant of the Kings of Spain and France, who distinguished himself on the field of battle during the Spanish Civil War and was known as the ‘Hero of Malaga,’ accepted the office. The Knights of St Lazarus made contact with the Patriarch during his second sojourn in Paris and asked him to be the Spiritual Protector of the Order. www.saintlazarus.org.uk /history.htm   (6751 words)

Probert Encyclopaedia: Battles (Pre-1600) In April, 1291, Egyptian Mamelukes laid siege with 160,000 troops to Acre, then one of the few remaining Christian strongholds. The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement fought on October the 7th 1571, in the Gulf of Lepanto (now the Gulf of Corinth) between an Ottoman Turkish fleet and that of the Holy League, an alliance of Spain, Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States formed by Pope Julius II in 1511. The Battle of Navas de Tolosa was fought in 1212 between Yakub Almansur of the Almohades and the kings of Aragon, Castile and Navarre. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FB.HTM   (4524 words)

Jerusalem The Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1244 in the first of a series of victories for Islam that finally, with the reconquest of Acre in 1291, brought the Latin Kingdom to an end. In 1099 Godfrey participated in the siege and capture of Jerusalem; offered the title of king of Jerusalem, he refused it for religious reasons and was instead named baron and defender of the Holy Sepulcher. Daughter of Almaric I and sister of Baldwin IV; on death of Baldwin (1185), conspired with her husband Guy of Lusignan to seize throne for themselves instead of their son Baldwin V; action led to disastrous war with Saladin. website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/jerusalem.htm   (2263 words)

Jerusalem The Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1244 in the first of a series of victories for Islam that finally, with the reconquest of Acre in 1291, brought the Latin Kingdom to an end. In 1099 Godfrey participated in the siege and capture of Jerusalem; offered the title of king of Jerusalem, he refused it for religious reasons and was instead named baron and defender of the Holy Sepulcher. He in turn was succeeded by his cousin, Baldwin II, who was followed by his son-in-law, Fulk V the Young, count of Anjou (1092-1143). website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/jerusalem.htm   (2263 words)

A General History of the Near East, Chapter 12 Acre, the last Crusader stronghold on the mainland, fell after a bloody six-week siege in 1291. John of Brienne was eager to accept, but Pelagius refused. Christians resented them because of the way they were recruited; every few years the sultan would send his troops into the Balkans to take more boys from their homes to the training barracks, and Christian taxpayers had to pay for their traveling expenses. xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne12.html   (11143 words)

Roger de Flor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia At the siege of Acre by the Mamluks in 1291 he was accused and denounced to the pope as a thief and an apostate, was degraded from his rank, and fled to Genoa, where he began to play the pirate. Roger was now created Caesar, but shortly afterwards the young emperor Michael Palaeologus, not daring to attack the fierce and now augmented bands of adventurers, invited Roger to Adrianople, and there contrived his assassination and the massacre of his Catalan cavalry (April 4, 1306). Roger de Flor, a catalan military adventurer of the 13th and 14th century, was the second son of a German falconer surnamed Blum (flower) in the service of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, who fell at Tagliacozzo (1268). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roger_de_Flor   (549 words)

History of the Order The knights were mentioned as being present at the battle of Gaza in 1244 and at the final siege in 1291 when Acre fell to the greatly superior Mameluke forces. Knights appointed up to the end of the nineteenth century included, in 1853, Admiral Alphonse Hamelin, who commanded the Black Sea squadron during the Crimean War, became Minister for the Navy and was Grand Chancellor of the Légion d’Honneur when he died in 1860. The knights and hospitallers of the Order of St Lazarus, now confident that their traditions would be maintained, resumed their charitable work especially for the benefit of Christians in the East. www.saintlazarus.org.uk /history.htm   (549 words)

Teutonic Knights During the 12th and 13th centuries, the Teutonic Order was called into action in crusades, most notably the Northern Crusade in 1230 and the stand at Acre in 1291, to defend the “kingdom of Christ.” The defense of Christ and Christian values came as a direct order from Pope Innocent III. The Teutonic Knights found their calling to be more than just charitable in 1191 during the siege of Richard the Lionheart (though charitable causes were always a priority to these knights). Official recognition of the Teutonic Knights came in 1199 when Pope Innocent the Third put the weight of the Church’s authority behind these knights. faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/tknights.html   (221 words)

Amazon.com: Books: The Knights of Malta The knights defended the Holy Land for a long time, but were finally expelled at their last stronghold at Acre in 1291. If you are going to read Bradford's The Great Siege: Malta 1565, I would highly recommend that you read something on the Knights of Malta and their origins (this book would be a good choice). The Fortifications of Malta 1530-1945 (Fortress, 16) by Charles Stephenson www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0300068859?v=glance   (1345 words)

Probert Encyclopaedia: Battles (Pre-1600) In April, 1291, Egyptian Mamelukes laid siege with 160,000 troops to Acre, then one of the few remaining Christian strongholds. The battle began when the Scottish forces, numbering about 40,000 troops under the command of Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, intercepted an army of about 60,000 commanded by Edward II of England, which was en route to the relief of a besieged English stronghold at Stirling Castle. The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement fought on October the 7th 1571, in the Gulf of Lepanto (now the Gulf of Corinth) between an Ottoman Turkish fleet and that of the Holy League, an alliance of Spain, Venice, Genoa, and the Papal States formed by Pope Julius II in 1511. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FB.HTM   (4524 words)

Amazon.com: Acre 1291 : Bloody sunset of the Crusader states (Campaign): Books Given that both sides had similar weapons and the Mamluks probably had no more than 3-1 numerical superiority (which was balanced by the fortifications), it seems that this siege was far from a foregone conclusion. Even though these numbers are generalized, it seems clear that the Crusaders had plenty of troops to man the while - and Nicolle admits that they had enough left over to mount frequent raids on the Muslim army - so why did they lose? Given that Christian naval superiority prevented any Muslim attack from seaward, this would mean that the Christians could have had up to ten men defending EACH METER of wall, while keeping a 30% reserve (assuming 20% of the troops were sick or non-operational). www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1841768626?v=glance   (1521 words)

Order of St. John, 1291-1522 AD (DBA IV/56ab) The Order of St. John of Jerusalem, also known as the Knights Hospitallers, regrouped at Kolossi in Cyprus after the fall of Acre, the last Crusader principality in Outremer in 1291 AD. He mounted an unsuccessful siege of Rhodes in 1480 AD that was narrowly repelled by the Order under Grand Master Pierre d'Aubusson. The Shield and the Sword: The Knights of St. John, Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta by Ernle Bradford (Dutton, 1974) www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/IV56.html   (1423 words)

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