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Topic: Siege of Acre (1799)

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	Akko
		Acre is the seat of the head of the Bahai religion.
		In 1799 Napoleon, in pursuance of his scheme for raising a Syrian rebellion against Turkish domination, appeared before Acre, but after a siege of two months (March--May) was repulsed by the Turks, aided by Sir W.
		Into this fight Guy's reserve, charged with holding back the Saracens in Acre, was also drawn, and, thus freed, 5000 men sallied out from the town to the northward; uniting with the Saracen right wing, they fell upon the Templars, who suffered severely in their retreat.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ak/Akko,_Israel.html (1086 words)

	Strat's Place - Daniel Rogov - Israel - Napoleon at Acre
		Jews first settled in Acre during the period of the Roman occupation of Palestine and because of its location on the sea and its great natural beauty the city became a popular vacation place.
		Local lore has it that Pasha el Jazzar built one hundred mosques and two hundred khans, small inns, all of which had restaurants that were open to overnight guests or anyone with a few coins in their pocket with which to purchase a meal.
		Napoleon set siege to the city in late October, expecting that the residents would quickly run out of food and be forced to surrender.
	www.stratsplace.com /rogov/israel/napoleon_acre.html (1462 words)

	ptolemais
		Then known as Acre, it is first mentioned in the Amarna letters, a 14th century BC archive of clay tablets discovered in on the eastern bank of the Nile River, 185 miles south of Cairo, Egypt.
		Acre was the Crusader foothold in the Holy Land, facing constant Muslim threat.
		In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte laid siege to Acre, but he failed miserably and was forced to retreat back to Paris.
	www.ourfatherlutheran.net /biblehomelands/galilee/ptolemais.htm (1927 words)

	Siege of Acre (1799) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Siege of Acre of 1799 was a siege of the Turkish-defended, walled city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) by Napoleon Bonaparte, future Emperor of France.
		A site of significant strategic importance due to its commanding position on the route between Syria and Egypt, Bonaparte wanted to capture the key port of Acre following his victories in Egypt, but had lost his siege artillery to a Royal Navy flotilla under British Commodore W.
		He attempted to lay siege on March 20 using only his infantry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799) (319 words)

	Acre (Akko) - Overview
		The old city of Acre (Akko) is a large walled city on the shores of the bay of Haifa.
		Acre is well known as one of the main Crusaders cities.
		Acre is located at the North of Israel, on the shores of the bay of Haifa.
	www.biblewalks.com /sites/Acre.html (1218 words)

	Acre, Israel
		From ancient times until the 19th century Akko (better known in English as Acre) was Palestine's leading port, and it has preserved an abundance of remains dating from the Middle Ages and the early modern period.
		They renamed it St Jean d'Acre and built a palace and the massive vaulted structure known as the Crypt of St John (Acre was the headquarters of the Knights of St John).
		After the loss of Jerusalem in 1187 Acre became capital of the Crusader kingdom, with a population estimated at 50,000.
	www.planetware.com /israel/acre-isr-nr-ak.htm (715 words)

	1 in Faith: A Christian Bible Study - Letters from Jerusalem: Photos
		He laid siege to the city for two months, but was unable to take it.
		A contemporary church by the sea in Acre.
		Underground passage discovered by the Crusaders, which they improved and used to move covertly from their fortress in the city to the western wall.
	www.christian-bible.com /Ethics/photos.acre.htm (181 words)

	Combat Studies Institute
		During the siege of the Mediterranean port of Acre by Crusaders in the twelfth century, the goal of the Moslem defenders was to prevent the Crusaders from taking the city before the arrival of the reinforcing army of Saladin.
		The lengthy siege of Acre discussed previously was successfully sustained and concluded by the Crusaders largely due to the inspiring leadership of the English King Richard, who arrived in time to bolster Christian morale, which was eroding due to the length of the operation.
		Typically, if the siege was not interrupted by a relieving force, the formal siege ended with a negotiation and agreement on terms once the defender was convinced of its success and before the culmination of the assault on the city.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/2002/MOUTDimarco.htm (9871 words)

	Demi-Solde Press Maps
		Siege of Badajos by the Allies under Wellington from 17 March to 6 April 1812.
		Siege of Saragossa by the French army of Aragon in 1808 and 1809.
		Siege of the Castle of Burgos by the Allies under Wellington from 10 September to 21 October 1812.
	www.demisoldepress.com /maps.htm (1332 words)

	Acre : Siege of Acre : Napoleonic Wars : Napoleon Bonaparte : Lannes : Egypt
		Advancing from Egypt, Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to capture the key port of Acre, but his plans received a terrible setback when his siege artillery was lost to a Royal Navy flotilla under Commodore Sir William Sidney Smith.
		Unable to now batter down the ancient walls of the city, the French had to try to seize it at bayonet point, but eight assaults failed to dislodge the Turkish defenders and their British allies.
		The naval link proved the decisive factor in the siege and the regularly resupplied city watched as the plague swept through the French camp.
	www.napoleonguide.com /battle_acre.htm (143 words)

	INS Scholarship 1998: Jaffa, 1799
		The task of erecting the batteries and the infantry positions for their close protection and support, of constructing approaches and communication tracks and trenches to- and between them, their fortification with gabions and fascines, all this was not finished until the dawn of the 7th of March.
		A typical example of the activities of the former is the ambush of a French reinforced platoon on forage north-west of Ramla.
		The allocation of relatively strong forces for the mounting and penetration of the breaches resulted from Napoleon's feeling of the need to sustain the pressure of the assailants and even to increase it in face of what he estimated to be determined resistance.
	www.napoleon-series.org /ins/scholarship98/c_jaffa.html (6459 words)

	View of Acre from the sea
		It was captured by the Arabs in 638 A.D. In 1104 it was captured by the Crusaders and in 1187 was taken by Saladin.
		In the 3rd Crusades it was captured again and given to the Knights Hospitalers (Knights of St. John) and for the next century it was the center of the Christian possession in the Holy Land.
		Acre was taken by the Ottoman Turks in 1517.
	www.smalljudaica.com /holyland/details/acre.htm (266 words)

	1 in Faith: A Christian Bible Study - Letters from Jerusalem: A Visit to Acre
		In 1799 the British fleet assisted him in defending the city against a siege by Napoleon, which lasted sixty days.
		On May 4, 1947 Lehi fighters raided Acre prison and released 41 of their comrades, who were being held there.
		Today in the Acre fortress there is a memorial for these early Israeli martyrs, as well as for all the Jews executed by the British in the prison.
	www.christian-bible.com /Ethics/lj.acre.htm (1233 words)

	The Little Corporal 1785 - 1799
		Rejoining his regiment at Nice, Napoleon was put in charge of the artillery at the siege of Toulon, where his achievements earned him a favorable report to the Convention at Paris.
		The English and Turkish troops in Syria was able to hold off the French at Acre.
		Napoleon wrote a letter to the French government saying all of the men had died of a plague raging in Acre.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0110901/standard/corporalD.html (1112 words)

	Acre, Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acre's Hamam is notable mainly because it was used by the Irgun as a bridge to break into the citadel's prison.
		In 1799 Napoleon, in pursuance of his scheme for raising a Syrian rebellion against Turkish domination, appeared before Acre, but after a siege of two months (March--May) was repulsed by the Turks, aided by Sir Sidney Smith and a force of British sailors.
		The citadel of Acre was used by the British as a prison mainly for political prisoners, and as a location for a gallows.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akko (2184 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Weapons and Warfare (P-Z)
		The siege of Acre was an unsuccessful French siege from the 17th of March to the 21st of May 1799 of a seaport and town in Palestine, 130 km northwest of Jerusalem, during Napoleon Bonaparte's abortive attempt to carve out a French empire.
		The Siege of Emessa took place in 272 when the Palmyrenians under Zenobia were completely defeated by the Romans under Aurelian, who at once laid siege to Palmyra which he took in 273 after a stubborn defence.
		The town of Orleans, held by a French garrison under Dunois, the Bastard of Orleans, was laid siege by the Earl of Salisbury on October 12th 1428.
	www.fas.org /news/reference/probert/F5.HTM (13635 words)

	Siege of Acre (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Siege of Acre (1189–1191) - during the Third Crusade.
		Siege of Acre (1291) - Fall of the final Crusader city in the Levant.
		Siege of Acre (1799) - during the French Revolutionary Wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(disambiguation) (120 words)

	Letter Signed ("Alex. Berthier") promoting Citizen Duroc, Napoleon's aide-de-camp, to the rank of Head of Artillery ...
		By the 19 March 1799, the sieges of El Arish and Jaffa behind them, the French army was struck by plague.
		Napoleon first met Duroc at the siege of Toulon, and the two men were destined to become the closest of friends.
		Shortly before the siege of Al Arish, mentioned here, Duroc had fulfilled the duties of a friend rather than a soldier, assiduously helping Napoleon in his gallanteries with the lovely Pauline Faurès, which was, incidentally, a service he would perform for Napoleon on many subsequent occasions.
	www.maggs.com /title/AU3323.asp (691 words)

	Highland Lake Inn, Bed & Breakfast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Deacon Samuel Blake, Jr., a veteran of the 1745 siege of Louisburg in Nova Scotia, was one of the original 81 proprietors, or grantees, when the town was granted in 1751.
		In 1799 the property was sold to a William Proctor and was then shortly resold to Timothy Dustin.
		In 1987 most of the 100 acres of farmland were separated off to make a residential subdivision, thus leaving the house and barn with seven surrounding acres as a separate tract.
	www.highlandlakeinn.com /history.htm (817 words)

	1790_1799
		1799 Mar 19, Napoleon Bonaparte began the siege of Acre (later Akko, Israel), which was defended by Turks.
		1799 Jun 6, Alexander Pushkin (d.1837), Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature, was born.
		1799 In Naples, Italy, a massacre of innocents occurred that was blamed on British Admiral Horatio Nelson.
	www.shelbyjackman.com /school/timeline/1790_1799.HTML (15553 words)

	International Napoleonic Society
		The task of erecting the batteries and the infantry positions for their close protection and support, of constructing approaches and communication tracks and trenches to- and between them, their fortification with gabions and fascines, all this was not finished until the dawn of the 7th of March.
		The experience gained during the uprising in Cairo and the siege of El-Arish had taught the French commander not to underestimate the oriental prowess in defense of fortified places.
		This feeling was shared by the commander-in-chief, influenced his planning and contributed to the crucial and fateful setbacks of the first phases of the siege of that city.
	www.napoleonicsociety.com /english/scholarship98/c_jaffa.html (6450 words)

	Book 22, 1799
		I am as anxious to be there as you are to see me. One of the first things I shall do will be to convene the Institute and to see whether we cannot do something to extend the bounds of human knowledge.
		With Acre reduced to a heap of stones, I shall recross the desert, so as to be ready for any European or Turkish army that attempts to disembark in Egypt in July or August.
		A few days more and you hoped to capture the pasha himself in his palace; but at this season of the year the citadel of Acre is not worth the loss of even a few days; the brave lives its capture would cost are needed for more important operations.
	www.napoleonic-literature.com /Book_22/1799.htm (7441 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Napoleon Bonaparte and his army reached the Mediterranean seaport of St. Jean d'Acra, only to find British warships ready to break his siege of the town.
		Napoleon moved on to the Turkish fortress at Acre.
		Napoleon's army began its overland retreat from Acre.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1790-1799/13.htm (760 words)

	Lebanon - The Shihabs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His ability as a statesman was first tested in 1799, when Napoleon besieged Acre, a well-fortified coastal city in Palestine, about forty kilometers south of Tyre.
		Both Napoleon and Al Jazzar, the governor of Acre, requested assistance from the Shihab leader; Bashir, however, remained neutral, declining to assist either combatant.
		Unable to conquer Acre, Napoleon returned to Egypt, and the death of Al Jazzar in 1804 removed Bashir's principal opponent in the area.
	countrystudies.us /lebanon/17.htm (303 words)

	The Story of Description of Egypt
		Most of the orientalists accompanying the Expedition could be counted among the experienced and qualified consuls, translators employed in near eastern embassies or scholars in the School of Oriental Languages in Paris that replaced the "bond of specialists in languages of prospective colonies.
		Among the lecturers was "Venteur", director of the Scientific Academy who died in 1799 during the siege of Acre.
		In June, 1799 the famous Egyptologist Vivant Denon met in Qena with the first mission of engineers to examine the condition of the Nile waters, led by mathematician "Piere Simon Gerand".
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/description.htm (1278 words)

	Napoleon's Addresses: The Egyptian Campaign
		Proclamation to the Army, on the Abandoning of the Siege of Acre, May, 1799
		Proclamation to the Army of the East, November, 1799
		Conservative, tutelary, and liberal ideas resumed their authority upon the dispersion of the factions, who domineered in the councils, and who, in rendering themselves the most odious of men, did not cease to be the most contemptible."
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/napoleon/speeches/c_speeches2.html (2210 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Most of the riots were the consequence of rising nationalism (see 1817), the defeat of the French, and the anti-liberalism that resulted from it all.
		During Napoleon's siege of Acre in 1799, Farhi refused Napoleon's offer of a promised Jewish independence and defended the city.
		Farhi was warned that his former backer had a change of heart but he refused to flee, fearing a backlash against the Jews in the Galilee.
	www.jewishhistory.org.il /1810.htm (2220 words)

	The Master (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This was the beginning of an eight year period of service with Nelson who took Atkinson with him from ship to ship.
		Thomas Atkinson saw service at Tenerife (1797), The Battle of the Nile (1798), the siege of Acre (1799), Copenhagen (1801) and at Trafalgar (1805).
		During the Battle of Trafalgar HMS Victory had her wheel shot away and Thomas Atkinson found himself with Lieutenant Quilliam and 40 sailors steering Victory from the gun-room on the lower gun-deck where a secondary method of steering, a 29 foot tiller, could be found.
	www.twogreens.com /wakeup/peopleonboard/master.htm (365 words)

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