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Topic: Siege of Antioch

	Raymond IV of Toulouse
		Raymond was the first of the princes to leave Antioch, moving southward in the autumn of 1098 to the siege of Marra, but leaving a detachment of his troops in Antioch.
		The siege of Arqa was protracted; and the selfish policy of the count, which thus deferred the march to Jerusalem, lost him all support from the mass of the crusaders.
		As at Antioch, so at Jerusalem, he fell into strife with the new ruler; and it was only with difficulty that Godfrey was able to secure from him the possession of the Tower of David[?], which he had originally occupied.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ra/Raymond_of_Toulouse.html (1021 words)

	Raymund Of Toulouse - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He lay ill during the second siege of Antioch by Kerbogha; but in his camp a great spiritualistic activity culminated in the discovery of the Holy Lance by the Provengals.
		With Bohemund left behind in Antioch; with the possession of the Holy Lance to give him prestige; and with the wealth which he had at his disposal, the count of Provence now definitely began to figure as the leader of the Crusade.
		The siege of Arca was protracted; and the selfish policy of the count, which thus deferred the march to Jerusalem, lost him all support from the mass of the crusaders.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Raymund_Of_Toulouse (1038 words)

	Siege of Antioch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To prepare for their arrival, he imprisoned the Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, John the Oxite, and exiled the Greek and Armenian Orthodox population, although the Syrian Orthodox citizens were permitted to stay.
		At the beginning of 1099 the march was renewed, leaving Bohemund behind as the first Prince of Antioch, and in the spring the Siege of Jerusalem began under the leadership of Raymond.
		The Siege of Antioch quickly became legendary, and in the 12th century it was the subject of the chanson d'Antioche, a chanson de geste in the Crusade cycle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Antioch (2855 words)

	Crusader assault on Antioch
		Raymond urged a close siege which would prevent the army being dispersed, and it was his counsel that prevailed.
		Antioch was too large for even the Crusader army to completely surround, or even to contemplate storming.
		When, Yaghi Siyan, the Emir of Antioch (that is, prince and lord) saw how heavily he was besieged by us, he sent his son, Shams ad-Daula by name, to ask for the help of Prince Ridwan of Aleppo and Prince Duqaq of Damascus.
	www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk /firstcrusade/Events/Sieges/antioch-siege1.htm (1873 words)

	Siege Of Antioch - First Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Siege of Antioch The crusader army, meanwhile, marched on to Antioch, which lay about half way between Constantinople and Jerusalem.
		Antioch was so large that the crusaders did not have enough troops to fully surround it, and thus it was able to stay partially supplied.
		Bohemund asserted his claim to Antioch, but not everyone agreed, and the crusade was delayed for the rest of the year while the nobles argued amongst themselves.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS2593/first-crusade/siege-of-antioch.html (373 words)

	siege - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Antioch, Siege of, battle of the First Crusade, the movement among Christians to claim Jerusalem from Turkish Muslims (Crusades).
		Orléans, Siege of, siege undertaken by the English in 1428 during the later phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) against France.
		The catapult was a special type of siege engine, a large device used to attack a fortress or a city.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=siege&pg=1&grp=art (317 words)

	Archaeology
		The ruins of Antioch are buried beneath the modern Turkish city of Antakya.
		Antioch was founded in 300 BC by the Seleukos, son of Antiochus, following the death of Alexander the Great, as it lay precisely between his holdings in Asia Minor and the east.
		The Parthians across the Danube capitalized on the destabilization that accompanied the end of the Roman Republic to siege and capture Antioch, although it was quickly liberated by knew eastern legions loyal to Caesar.Antioch swiftly became an important part of the Roman Empire.
	persweb.wabash.edu /facstaff/royaltyr/AncientCities/web/Antioch/Jeremy/Archmain.htm (1364 words)

	Siege Of Jerusalem - First Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Siege of Jerusalem (1099) Proceeding down the coast of the Mediterranean, the crusaders encountered little resistance, as local rulers preferred to make peace with them and give them supplies rather than fight.
		As with Antioch the crusaders put the city to a lengthy siege, in which the crusaders themselves probably suffered more than the citizens of the city, due to the lack of food and water around Jerusalem.
		Meanwhile siege engines were constructed and seven days later on July 15, the crusaders were able to break the siege and enter the city.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS2593/first-crusade/siege-of-jerusalem.html (626 words)

	Antioch
		Kerbogha, the Atabeg of Mosul, and a soldier of great reputation, had gathered troops and marched on Antioch upon learning of the Crusader siege of the city, and was encamped outside the city walls by June 7th, four days after the Crusaders captured the city.
		The two became close allies, as Tancred came under siege in 1111 by the Turks, and it was Bertram who came to his aid.
		Roger of Salerno, son of Richard the Principate, was Tancreds successor in Antioch, and continued the friendship with Tripoli.
	www.medievalcrusades.com /antioch.htm (1064 words)

	First Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Antioch was a very strong city, whose walls had originally been built by Justinian.
		Supplies and reinforcements arrived in March, and the Crusaders were at last able to seal off most of the city (it's at this point that the Italians start to become involved in the Crusades).
		It was during these weeks in May that Bohemond made contact with one Firuz, a captain of the guard in Antioch.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /1st/22.shtml (725 words)

	[No title]
		The siege of Antioch lasted nine months across a winter, and in that time many battles were fought; the losses must have been horrendous.
		In January 1098, when the army was struggling in the siege of Antioch and famine stalked the camp, Adhemar proclaimed a fast with masses, processions and prayres, and we find precisely the same measures taken at the second siege of Antioch to prepare the army for the attack on Kerbogha.
		Early in the siege of Antioch Anselm of Ribemont wrote to the archbishop of Rheims asking his prayers for thirteen who had died on the expedition, of whom seven had perished in battle and six by illness.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst372/readings/france1.html (7931 words)

	The Siege of Antioch
		The Crusaders' siege of Antioch was to last for nine months, and proved to be perhaps the crucial event of the whole expedition.
		The Seljuk governor of Antioch, Yaghi Siyan, was ruler of the city in all but name, and the various Seljuk atabegs (regents) of the great cities of Syria refused to co-operate with one another, so the crusaders did not face a united Muslim front.
		Antioch was huge, defended by great walls and a citadel on top of a high mountain above the city.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/crusades/84416/1 (493 words)

	Crusader Siege of Antioch, 21 October 1097-3 June 1098
		It's capture was key to the success of the First Crusade - without control of Antioch, the crusaders could not have moved on to Jerusalem.
		The siege lasted for seven and a half months, and conditions for the crusaders were often worse than those inside the city.
		The Syrians made two attempts to relieve the city, defeated at the battles of Harenc (1st battle 31 December 1097, 2nd battle 9 February 1098), and another large relief army under Emir Kerboga of Mosul, some 75,000 strong, was on its way when the city was captured.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_antioch_crusader.html (375 words)

	Siege of Antioch (1268) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1260 Baibars, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, began to threaten the crusader state of Antioch, which (as a vassal of the Armenians) had supported the Mongols, the traditional enemies of the Turks.
		With the fall of Antioch, the rest of Syria quickly fell and the influence of the Franks in Syria was at an end.
		The fall of Antioch was to prove as detrimental to the crusaders cause as its capture was instrumental to the initial success of the first Crusade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1268) (291 words)

	The First Crusade, an Overview
		A two-month siege ensued, during which the crusaders were assisted by Byzantine troops under the command of Tatikios, and a Byzantine naval blockade commanded by Boutoumites.
		The siege of Antioch began in October, 1097.
		Antioch was a huge and strongly defended city, famous for having never fallen except by treachery.
	www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk /firstcrusade/Overview/Overview.htm (2130 words)

	The betrayal and capture of Antioch during the First Crusade
		The walls before Antioch were high and strong -- there were 50 marble --> -- towers, made of white stone -- 12 worthy emirs guarded them, each with four --> -- towers under his command, and one of them had six more to guard -- Garsion --> -- had given him all the power.
		The Saracens and Esclers were in Antioch, together with 12 praiseworthy emirs, each of them guarding 12 towers -- one of them, more powerful, without his peer in the army, guarded six towers and the main gate.
		If Antioch, where we have labored so long, surrenders to me, I ask you, for the love of God, if it be your wish, that each of you grant me the city, in the name of God's love.
	www.bu.edu /english/levine/antioch.htm (6584 words)

	William III Taillefer, Pons, William IV and Ramon IV, Count of Toulouse
		He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October of 1097 at the siege of Antioch.
		He was ill during the second siege of Antioch by Kerbogha, and so missed an outbreak of bogus miracles, which culminated in the discovery of the Holy Lance by a monk named Peter Bartholomew.
		In 1102 he travelled by sea from Constantinople to Antioch, where he was imprisoned by Tancred, regent of Antioch during the captivity of Bohemund, and was dismissed only after promising not to attempt any conquests in the country between Antioch and Acre.
	www.languedoc-france.info /19020103_ramoniv.htm (1298 words)

	ANISTORITON: Viewpoints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Capturing Antioch was necessary before attacking Jerusalem, because unless Antioch was in friendly hands, no Christian army in Palestine or Syria was to be considered safe.
		However, the enthusiasm of the Crusaders for the capture of Antioch was shaded by rumours, that an enemy army was approaching the city.
		The situation within the city of Antioch was more than terrible; there was little food, there were hundreds, or even thousands of corpses scattered on the streets, increasing the possibility of an epidemic breaking out.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/v991.htm (3321 words)

	Antioch (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As Christianity spread, Antioch became the seat of one of the four original patriarchates, along with Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Rome.
		The ramparts of Antioch during the Crusades For several centuries Antioch was a major city in the Roman Empire with a population of a half million people.
		Thirteen years later, it was captured by the Crusaders during the First Crusade, and became the capital of an independent Principality of Antioch (see Siege of Antioch).
	antioch.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (474 words)

	Antakya - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Antioch, Siege of, battle of the First Crusade.
		The siege of Antioch (now Antakya in Turkey) began on October 21, 1097, when a Christian army on its...
		35-107), bishop of Antioch and martyr, one of the Apostolic Fathers of the Church.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Antakya.html (74 words)

	CRUSADING: 1099-1999
		Antioch, seat of one of the great Christian Patriarchates, which regarded St. Peter as its first bishop, was dominated by its almost impregnable citadel on a mountain a thousand feet above the city.
		The Turkish forces fled, the citadel surrendered, and Antioch was entirely in the hands of the crusaders on June 28, 1098.
		When the morale of the crusaders at the siege of Antioch had reached its lowest point and they were convinced that they were about to be defeated by the forces of Kerbogha, two visionaries appeared.
	www.hmml.org /centers/malta/publications/Lecture.html (5677 words)

	comnena
		He at once set to work to cut off the Acropolis from the rest of Antioch by building a transverse wall opposite, which would be a very strong defense in case of a long war.
		When we reached Antioch we fought for three months under great difficulty both against the enemy and against famine, which was more severe than had ever been experienced before, with the result that most of us ate of the very foods which are forbidden by law.
		First of all he left the town of Antioch to his nephew Tancred, the son of Marceses, and had a report spread about himself, which said that Bohemund had died, and while still alive he arranged that the world should think of him as dead.
	www.humanistictexts.org /comnena.htm (7960 words)

	Bohemond I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He swore the oath of fealty to Alexius at Constantinople (1097) and in 1098 at the siege of Antioch devised the stratagem by which the city was captured.
		He subsequently made himself prince of Antioch, in defiance of his oath to Alexius, and over the opposition of Raymond IV of Toulouse, leader of the crusade.
		He did not return to Antioch, and his relative Tancred was regent for him.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/Bohemond.html (233 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Crusader Letters
		Antioch has been besieged by the army of the Lord since the thirteenth day before the Kalends of November with exceeding valor and courage beyond words.
		The ruler of Antioch, still concerned about his safety, sent to the King of Aleppo and aroused him with promises of very great wealth, to the end that be should come with all his forces.
		After we had triumphed over the enemy, as our army was wasting away at Antioch from sickness and weariness and was especially hindered by the dissensions among the leaders, we proceeded into Syria, stormed Barra and Marra, cities of the Saracens, and captured the fortresses in that country.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/cde-letters.html (5068 words)

	The Taking of Antioch in the First Crusade, created March 13, 1997
		At that time, it was not possible to ensure the siege's success because Antioch was full of provisions and could be supplied with soldiers, food, and weapons by its allies at any time.
		All the Crusaders could expect was the arrival of an even stronger Turkish army to defend the city and a humilliating withdrawal, apart from the risk of being massacred on their way home.
		Despite the value of the Christian soldiers and the energy of their leaders, The Crusades' moral was the main factor of their resistance.In conclusion, Kurbuka was defeated by Peter and the ``Holy Spear'' rather than by Bohemond and his leadership.
	www.webpages.free-online.co.uk /portcull/baispear.htm (993 words)

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