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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antwerp
		Antwerp was incorporated (1794) with France, and was made by Napoleon (1804-13) the chief naval fortress of his new empire.
		Antwerp from 1604 to 1611, and was succeeded in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by a series of fifteen bishops, the last of whom was Cornelius Nelis, librarian of Louvain University and Bishop of
		Antwerp is not a slight one, apart from the close commercial relations that existed from the beginning of the twelfth century to the end of the sixteenth.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01588e.htm (2555 words)

	Siege of Antwerp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Siege of Antwerp was an engagement of the Germans and the Belgians during World War I.
		Antwerp was besieged and the forts of the outer ring fell one by one between October 1 and October 4.
		October 5 was a crucial date during the Siege of Antwerp; the German army broke through the Belgian defences in the town of Lier, 20 kilometers southeast of Antwerp and moved on to the town of Dendermonde (south of Antwerp) where it attempted to cross the river Scheldt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp (573 words)

	Siege of Antwerp -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		[Categories: Sieges, Battles of World War I] The Siege of Antwerp was an engagement of the Germans and the Belgians during (A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918) World War I.
		This "pincer movement" of the German army threatened to block the western retreat route of the Belgian army out of Antwerp, its eastern and southern escape routes being blocked by German troops and its north blocked by the closed Belgian- (The West Germanic language of the Netherlands) Dutch border.
		The mayor of Antwerp, (additional info and facts about De Vos) De Vos, offered capitulation on October 10 and the Siege of Antwerp was over.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Si/Siege_of_Antwerp.htm (494 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - The Siege of Antwerp by Arthur Conan Doyle, October 1914
		Reproduced below is a portion of Arthur Conan Doyle's summary of the siege of Antwerp in October 1914.
		The first of these controlling circumstances was that, by the movement of the old troops and the addition of new ones, each army had sought to turn the flank of the ether in the north, until the whole centre of gravity of the war was transferred to that region.
		On leaving Antwerp it had been necessary to strike to the north in order to avoid a large detachment of the enemy who were said to, be upon the line of the retreat.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/antwerp_conandoyle.htm (1375 words)

	History of Gem Cutting Regions \| Antwerp
		Antwerp, located on the Scheldt river in Belgium, has been the on-again, off-again center of diamond trade (diamanthandel) for over 500 years, being temporarily displaced by Bruges and Amsterdam in the 17th through 18th centuries.
		During WWI's 'Siege of Antwerp' in 1914, war took its toll yet again, when the "Fort of Antwerp" consisting of the outer and inner ring of the city were breeched (map, above) and the German army occupied the city until its liberation 1918.
		As Antwerp was slowly repatriated, the 'Correspondence Office for the Diamond Industry' began to return the hidden diamonds to their rightful owners, and Antwerp's diamond industry started to rebuild itself from the ashes of WWII.
	www.khulsey.com /jewelry/history_gem_cutting_antwerp.html (960 words)

	Encyclopedia: Siege of Antwerp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Reduit national (French) or De versterkte stelling Antwerpen (Dutch) was a term given for the collection of strongholds and fortifications encircling the city of Antwerp (Belgium) built in the second half of the 19th century.
		The Scheldt in Antwerp Length 350 km Elevation of the source 95 m Average discharge 120 m³/s Area watershed 21860 km² Origin France Mouth Westerschelde Basin countries France, Belgium, Netherlands The Scheldt (Dutch: Schelde, French lEscaut) is a 350 km[1] (217 mile) long river that finds its...
		Jan De Vos was mayor of Antwerp (Belgium) from March 15, 1909, till July 21, 1921.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Siege-of-Antwerp (1026 words)

	List of sieges - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Siege of Kamakura (1333) - end of Ashikaga shogunate.
		Siege of Cawnpore (1857) - The Indian Mutiny
		Siege of Vicksburg (1863) — Union army besieged a Confederate city in the American Civil War.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_sieges (420 words)

	V2ROCKET.COM - Antwerp - City of Sudden Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the V-weapon attacks on Antwerp came to an end and the German firing crews were forced to retreat by the advancing Allied troops, the last V-2 rocket was felt in Antwerp on March 27, landing in Mortsel killing 27 and injuring another 62 people.
		Antwerp X would fire almost a million rounds of ammunition over the next few months and was responsible for shooting down more than fifty percent of the incoming V-1s.
		The V-weapon attacks on Antwerp came to an end as the German firing crews were forced to retreat because of the Allied advance.
	www.v2rocket.com /start/chapters/antwerp.html (6315 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Siege of Antwerp, 1914
		This danger transpired into sorties conducted from the forts on 24-25 August and 9 September, designed by the Belgians to distract the Germans from their attack upon the British and French at the Battles of Mons and Charleroi.
		Before this could be done however, action at the Marne distracted all German attention to their advance upon Paris, followed after the Marne action by a retreat to the Aisne.
		Consequently the British, led by Asquith, Kitchener (the Minister for War), Grey (the Foreign Secretary) and Churchill (the First Lord of the Admiralty), decided on 1 October to re-deploy a division of troops originally intended for the British Expeditionary Force led by Sir John French.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/antwerp.htm (641 words)

	Antwerp travel guide - Wikitravel
		Antwerp (Dutch: Antwerpen) [1], is a major destination of Belgium in the region of Flanders.
		In the 16th century, Antwerp was one of the most important financial centres of the world, where traders from all over Europe and Asia sold and bought their goods.
		After the siege of Antwerp in 1585 by the Spanish, this role as a financial centre was taken over by Amsterdam.
	wikitravel.org /en/Antwerp (3670 words)

	[No title]
		Antwerp was the hinge on which the fate of the whole country, perhaps of all Christendom, was to turn.
		Antwerp would laugh the idea of famine to scorn; and although this immunity would be purchased by the sacrifice of a large amount of agricultural territory the price so paid was but a slender one, when the existence of the capital, and with it perhaps of the whole confederacy was at stake.
		Antwerp was a small republic --in time of peace intelligently and successfully administered--which in the season of a great foreign war, amid plagues, tumults, famine, and internal rebellion, required the firm hand and the clear brain of a single chief.
	public.planetmirror.com /pub/pg/etext04/jm39v10.txt (15941 words)

	Siege of Antwerp (1584-1585) Did You Mean Siege of Antwerp 1584 1585 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At the time Antwerp was the largest Dutch city and the cultural, economic and financial centre of the Seventeen Provinces and of north-western Europe.
		Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, sent by Philip II of Spain to restore peace and orthodoxy, had allready recaptured Brussels and most of the cities of Flanders as the siege of Antwerp began.
		Some say that Antwerp was betrayed by the northern provinces by keeping Queen Elizabeth I of England waiting for too long, preventing her sending troops to help Antwerp.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Siege_of_Antwerp_031584-158504.html (389 words)

	Siege of Kut -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When they failed to take the town in three attacks over December they laid siege.
		Townshend was anxious to break-out and then withdraw northwards but the Commander-in-Chief of the MEF John Nixon saw value in tying down the Ottoman forces in a siege.
		Kut was recaptured in February 1917 and the Allied forces went on to take (Capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River) Baghdad in March.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Si/Siege_of_Kut.htm (611 words)

	Siege of Antwerp
		October 6, the very day on which we arrived in Antwerp, was a momentous day in the history of "the second strongest fortress in Europe," and what happened then really brought about the fall of the city earlier than the Belgians expected.
		At the bottom of the garden which surrounded this chateau was one of the Antwerp forts, and so sleep was practically impossible, as the guns were cracking out every few minutes, shaking the house to its very foundations.
		The brunt of the Antwerp fighting came undoubtedly on the Marines, and it is impossible to speak too highly of the courage and bravery they displayed while holding their part of the line against the repeated onslaughts of the enemy.
	www.greatwardifferent.com /Great_War/Antwerp_02/Antwerp_Adventure_01.htm (3256 words)

	The Siege and Fall of Antwerp
		Antwerp, with its triple ring of fortifications spanning a circumference of more than 100 kms was at the time considered an impregnable position.
		But the Belgian Field Army and Antwerp garrison of altogether some 120 000 to 150 000 men was not strong enough to hold the forts in face of a determined assault, especially when the assaulting forces were backed by mobile heavy siege aritillery, at the time a technological marvel weapon.
		Antwerp was the third largest port in the world, but as per treaty with the Netherlands, in time of war the river Scheldt was blocked to all military traffic at Dutch discretion.
	www.greatwardifferent.com /Great_War/Siege_of_Antwerp/Siege_of_Antwerp.htm (1508 words)

	Zepplin2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		General von Beseler was then preparing for the siege of Antwerp.
		The Belgium troops were taken out of the Antwerp area on that railway and later played an important and decisive part in the Battle of the Marne.
		We were able to assist in the actual siege of Antwerp, however.
	www.ch2bc.org /zepplins/zepplin2.htm (2893 words)

	Royal Naval Division Chapter 2
		On this reading, even the siege of Antwerp was an isolated episode, in which we were unwise to intervene, an irrelevant side issue which should not have distracted our attention from the battle of main armies.
		It seemed as if the whole population of Antwerp, women and children, priests and nuns, the sick, the aged and the infirm, had fled from their homes, and yet, momentarily indifferent to the consequences, they must halt ever and again to look back at the burning ruin of their hopes and their aspirations.
		Antwerp did not fall, thanks to British intervention, till October lOth; by that time Sir Henry Rawlinson was in position at Ghent with a substantial force, the Belgian Field Army had retreated and rested, and the left wing of our Expeditionary Force was at Bailleul.
	members.shaw.ca /bart34/RNDchapter2.html (8714 words)

	Fort Broechem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Broechem was heavily bombarded during the German siege of Antwerp in 1914.
		The crew of the traditore battery must be one of the luckiest of the entire siege.
		During a bombardment the 12 cm turrets got into trouble and the commander ordered the crew to abandon their post.
	fortweb.net /photos/antwerp/broechem.htm (124 words)

	Seige of Antwerp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the Germans advanced towards Brussels after the fall of Liège, the Belgian army (65,000) men, under King Albert withdrew to the port of Antwerp, a huge fortress with a perimeter of 60 miles.
		Based here the field army would always be a potential threat to German communications, a fact demonstrated as early as 24 August when an attack was launched against the rear of the enemy's right wing.
		O f more significance was is sortie on 9 September - the critical day of the Battle of the Marne - which reminded the Germans of the urgent need to reduce Antwerp and seize the Channel ports.
	www.westernfrontassociation.com /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/antwerp.htm (378 words)

	Vliethuys
		If it is the city of Antwerp you crave, we are only 10 minutes away from the centre of Antwerp and 5 minutes walk from the nearest Metro station, or leave your car behind in a provided parking space and truly get acquainted from the seat of a bicycle.
		Especially during the siege of Antwerp (1583-1585) both villages were infested heavily.
		At the same moment the “Vlaams Hoofd” district was annexed at the city Antwerp and got a distinguished residential area (Sint-Anneke or Antwerpen-Linkeroever).
	www.vliethuys.com /index.htm (542 words)

	Siege Coins
		The Spanish Armada suffered defeat at the hands of the English in 1588 and the situation in the Netherlands became increasingly difficult to manage.
		As the period of sieges subsided, the War of Liberation continued.
		This period never experienced the fury of the early sieges; however, the struggle for independence went on.
	www.coinlibrary.com /wpns/club_wpns_pr_siege1.htm (2716 words)

	FRANCOIS NICOLAS BENOIT, BARON HAXO - LoveToKnow Article on FRANCOIS NICOLAS BENOIT, BARON HAXO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		French general and military engineer, was born at Lunville on the 24th of June 2774, and entered the Engineers in 1793.
		In I8fo he was made general of brigade, in 1811 a baron, and in the same year he was employed in preparing the occupied fortresses of Germany against a possible Russian invasion.
		Soon after this came the French intervention in Belgium and the famous scientific siege of Antwerp citadel.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HA/HAXO_FRANCOIS_NICOLAS_BENOIT_BARON.htm (693 words)

	antwerp
		Antwerp is the name of a city and a province in Belgium:
		Antwerp is also the name of a number of places in the United States:
		An antwerp is also a monster in the classic PC role-playing game Quest for Glory.
	www.fact-library.com /antwerp.html (127 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The main force of the German armies marched towards France, leaving the 3rd Reserve Corps behind.
		Beseler was given orders to take possession of the city of Antwerp on September 9.
		The Siege of Antwerp ended on October 10, 1914, when the mayor of Antwerp Jan De Vos surrendered the city.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Hans_Hartwig_von_Beseler (457 words)

	APHA Award Speech 2002 - Francine de Nave, Plantin-Moretus Museum
		In the collection of drawings, Antwerp's greatest masters from the 16th and 17th centuries are represented, featuring in particular Pieter Paul Rubens, the universal genius who established Antwerp's fame as a city of art forever.
		Because of its unique character and the immense value of its building and collections, the Plantin-Moretus Museum has been recognized as a cultural patrimony of exceptional value and was designated as a protected monument by a decree from July 10th, 1997, by the Flemish minister of culture.
		As the Plantin-Moretus Museum is one of the main tourist attractions of Antwerp with an average of 100,000 visitors a year, we wish to take up and fulfill its social responsibility in the coming years.
	www.printinghistory.org /htm/misc/awards/2002-plantin.htm (2854 words)

	Antwerp - History & Legends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was destroyed by Norsemen at the beginning of the 9th century, but steadily grew to prosperity in the 15th century.
		From 1500 to 1560, it was the richest port in northern Europe.
		Religious quarrels divided the town, and Antwerp was involved in the Netherlands' revolt against Spain's Roman Catholicism.
	users.tijd.com /~tdn71908/07ahistory.html (193 words)

	Amazon.com: Antwerp: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		History of the revolt of the Netherlands; trial and execution of Counts Egmont and Horn; and The siege of Antwerp.
		Ghent, and Antwerp ; and as early as the middle of the twelfth...
		and Veraghtert on Antwerp; Maass and Prange on Hamburg, Scholl on Bremerhaven, Jarvis on...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Antwerp&search-type=ss&index=books&page=1 (1048 words)

	The Speculator As Hero
		Another representative incident occurred during the siege of Antwerp by the Spanish in 1585.
		Antwerp was then the leading commercial town of Europe.
		The citizens ran out of all their provisions after six months of the siege and the Antwerpers starved.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0293c.asp (963 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Netherlands - The Dutch Revolt, 1572-1609 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Spanish now laid siege to LEIDEN; when the Geuzen opened the floodgates and the water level rose, the Spanish had to withdraw and the city was saved.
		The Spanish army was superior on the battlefield and experienced in laying siege; BRUGES, YPRES and GHENT fell in 1584, BRUSSELS and ANTWERP in 1585.
		Antwerp was sacked and plundered - that was the way the soldiers were paid, and most surviving cities emigrated, to AMSTERDAM.
	www.stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de /gbs2/whkmla/region/lowcountries/dutchrevolt.html (1673 words)

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