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Topic: Siege of Belgrade

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	TheHistoryNet \| 15th-16th Century \| Ottoman-Hungarian Wars: Siege of Belgrade in 1456
		The siege of Belgrade by Ottoman Sultan Mehmet (Mohammed) II the Conqueror in the summer of 1456 aroused considerable contemporary attention and has remained an event of great interest to historians ever since.
		The battle for Belgrade also witnessed the emergence of the first peasant movements in Hungary, then one of the most powerful states of Christendom.
		So it was that an army comprised mostly of peasants defended Belgrade and Christendom in the summer of 1456 against Mehmet II's Turkish host.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/15_16_century/3030796.html?featured=y&c=y (953 words)

	City of Beograd
		Suleyman the Magnificent held an imperial council session in Belgrade and the office of the Smederevo sanjak-bey (district governor) was moved to it.
		Belgrade became the seat of the Serbian Metropolitan (archbishop), national education which had died out under Turkish rule was being revived and members of the Serbian community were getting involved in the province's economic life.
		Belgrade was a witness to the assassination of two rulers and three dynastic changes on the Serbian throne.
	www.nenadiricanin.com /Cities/niBiobeograd.htm (3502 words)

	The Siege of Belgrade - OD Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The siege eventually escalated into a major battle, during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Turkish camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Sultan Mehmet II to lift the siege and retreat.
		After the Siege the Hungarians enforced the north and eastern side with an additional gate and several towers, one of which, the Nebojsa tower, was designed for artillery purposes.
		After the Siege of Belgrade stopped the advance of Mehmed II towards Central Europe, Serbia and Bosnia were absorbed into the Empire.
	www.originaldissent.com /forums/showthread.php?t=286 (2031 words)

	Vladevents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1422 Unsuccessful siege of Constantinople by the Turks.
		1440 Unsuccessful siege of Belgrade by the Turks.
		1456 Unsuccessful siege of Belgrade by the Turks.
	members.aol.com /johnmatrix/Vladevents.html (160 words)

	Community Yellow Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Belgrade is at the intersection of roads that lead between Eastern and Western Europe, from the Morava-Vardar valley and the NiÅ¡ava-Marica valley, to the shores of the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and to the Middle East.
		â”Despot Stefan LazareviÄ on Belgrade in 1420 A.D. The Siege of Belgrade in 1456
		Belgrade Arena is used for basketball matches, along with Pionir Hall and the Hala sportova.
	www.wifiiworld.com /wiki-Belgrade (6499 words)

	THE SIEGE OF 1522 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As in the great siege 42 years earlier, the villas were leveled, and all the population of Rhodes, together with all available food and forage, were brought within the walls of the city.
		It is difficult to grasp the intensity of this siege.
		Typical of the warfare throughout this siege was the repeated heavy assault on the bulwark of the English Knights, which was several times mined.
	www.wingnet.net /~osj/historyp.htm (1166 words)

	1428. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Despite his impressive feats domestically and abroad, however, his period of rule was accompanied by economic problems and discontent, due to the periodic debasement of the currency, the increases in taxes, the confiscations of property, and other unpopular measures used to raise revenue.
		In several major campaigns, the Ottomans occupied the southern part of Serbia (1454–55), mounted an unsuccessful siege of Belgrade (1456), and then annexed the rest of the country with the exception of Belgrade (1459).
		Conflicts between the two Byzantine rulers of the Morea, and their failure to continue the payments of tribute to the sultan, led to Ottoman military intervention and the annexation of the peninsula, including Athens.
	www.bartleby.com /67/313.html (785 words)

	City of Belgrade - Famous Parks
		During the siege of Belgrade in 1806, KaraÄ‘orÄ‘e set a camp and pitched his tent here.
		At the plateau of TaÅ¡majdan, the old St. Mark's Church was built in 1835 (destroyed in the bombing of Belgrade on April 6, 1941).
		At this place was one of the camps of the insurrectionist army, during the attack on Belgrade in 1806.
	www.beograd.org.yu /cms/view.php?id=203211 (845 words)

	Trabzon
		Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire first attempted to take the capital by sea in 1442, but high surf made the landings difficult and the attempt was repulsed.
		While Mehmed II was away laying siege to Belgrade in 1456, the Ottoman governor of Amaseia attacked Trebizond, and while he was defeated, he took many prisoners and extracted a heavy tribute.
		Mehmed's response came in the summer of 1461: he led a sizeable army from Brusa[?], first to Sinope whose emir quickly surrendered, then south across Armenia and neutralizing Uzun Hasan.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Trabzon.html (673 words)

	[No title]
		The oldest Belgrade was built on the Neolithic period on Vincha culture, between the years 2300 and 2000 B.
		The Belgrade was ravaged by the Avars, Bulgarians, and in the 7th century the Slavs entered the destroyed Byzantine fortification.
		The Belgrade's Church of St. Petka, the Serbian patron saint had the first icon in the Christian world, the icon of the Virgin Mary, painted by Luke the Apostle him self (he was the first icon painter).
	web.tiscali.it /legrandisorelle/belgrade.HTML (740 words)

	Belgrade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Belgrade will be the host city of the 2009 Summer Universiade, chosen over the cities of Monterrey and Poznań.
		Various parts of Belgrade have wildly varying architecture, from the centre of Zemun, which is that typical of a Central European town, from the few still remaining Turkish-styled buildings located throughout the city, to the more modern architecture and spacious layout of New Belgrade.
		The City of Belgrade has received various domestic and international honours, including the Legion of Honour, the War Cross, Karađorđe's Star with Swords and the Order of the National Hero (Serbia) (proclaimed on October 20, 1974 on the date of the city's liberation in the Second World War).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Belgrade (5038 words)

	The Siege of Liege
		The hand-to-hand character of the recent fighting showed that little further progress could be made by digging alone, and Grant accordingly determined to make the final assault on the morning of the 6th of July.
		The battle for Belgrade also witnessed the emergence of the first peasant movements in Hungary, then one of the most powerful states of Christendom.
		Memorabilia related to The Siege of Liege is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1099.html (446 words)

	Timeline Serbia_A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He liberated Belgrade from the Turks and was later canonized a saint as San Juan de Capistrano.
		1521 Suleiman I, the Ottoman Sultan, conquered Belgrade and invaded Hungary.
		1690 Oct 8, Belgrade was retaken by the Turks.
	timelines.ws /countries/SERBIA_A.HTML (9017 words)

	Siege of Belgrade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Siege of Belgrade 1456 (From a 15th century Turkish manuscript).
		Battle of Belgrad, Hungarian painting from the 19.
		The sultan later came into conflict with Stephen III of Moldavia, resulting in an even worse defeat at Battle of Vaslui and later a pyrrhic victory at the Battle of Valea Albă.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade (2156 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade, in present-day Yugoslavia.
		The siege of Belgrade had fallen into stalemate when a spontaneous fight broke out between a rabble of Crusaders, led by the Benedictine monk John of Capistrano, and the city's Ottoman besiegers.
		The melee soon escalated into a major battle, during which the Hungarian commander, Janos Hunyadi, led a sudden assault that overran the Turkish camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Sultan Mehmet II to lift the siege and retreat.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1450-1459/2.htm?tlvw=2 (461 words)

	Konstantin Mihailovic, the Serbian Janissary
		Instead we are introduced to him at the siege of Constantinople in 1453 where he claims to have been present, although this may be a fabrication.
		Also he refers to 'the janissaries' in his account in a way that does not imply that he was actually serving in their ranks.
		His account of the events of the siege of Belgrade is very interesting.
	www.ottomanonline.net /history/5.html (1770 words)

	From the Journal of Dustin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unhindered with supply wagons and slow siege weapons we made excellent time skirting Belgrade’s Northern gate and headed a half days march east along the Northern bank of the Danube, there at a ford we were able to cross to the Southern Bank and proceed back West to our assigned position outside Belgrade’s eastern gate.
		It was used to supply Belgrade with firewood and it was simple to follow the fleeing kindred.
		My work was done, though my ghoul superior ordered me to stay for the duration of the siege, which lasted only a month, before the army continued their march toward the holy land.
	home.comcast.net /~vienna1230/Fiction/adarkguest.htm (2358 words)

	Playbills of the Theatre Royal Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Playbill advertising a performance of Siege of Belgrade at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh
		Composer of 'The Maid of the Mill': Samuel Arnold
		Librettist of 'The Maid of the Mill': Isaac Bickerstaffe
	www.nls.uk /playbills/cfm/browse_action.cfm?id=23669 (31 words)

	Siege of Belgrade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shortly after the fall of Constantinople the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II mobilized his army to march on Belgrade and from there possibly move on to the European heartland.
		The Hungarians sent an army under the leadership of Janos Hunyadi to defend Belgrade.
		In the summer of 1456 Turkish heavy artillery bombarded Belgrade and Mehmet ordered an all-out assault of the fortress city.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/belgrade.html (164 words)

	RTE News - Security forces maintain siege of Milosevic home
		Yugoslav security forces laid siege to the Belgrade home of the former President, who is refusing to give himself up to the authorities.
		Police were reported to have been preparing for a second attempt to arrest Mr Milosevic after a night of violence and confusion around his Belgrade residence.
		An AFP reporter at the scene of the siege reported that the first shots had come from inside the residence where Milosevic supporters are thought to be holding out.
	www.rte.ie /news/2001/0331/yugoslavia.html (689 words)

	Temeschburg in the Battle Against the Turkish Yoke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After a 40 day siege Bathóry was forced to give up the fortress because of a shortage of food and siege materials.
		The sultan immediately sent 50 construction workers from Belgrade to Temeschburg, and the Walachian Wojewode Constantin Brâncoveanus sent the important wooden material for 50 wagons, which was pulled by four oxen.
		At the same time the Belgrade Gate is still identified on the east side of the castle which was later moved to the west side and then bore the names Peterwardein or Josef City Gate.
	www.dvhh.org /timisquarters/temeschburg-turks.htm (1926 words)

	Siege Warfare on the Net
		This is an excellent description of ancient artillery, complete with diagrams and explanations of the workings of various engines as well as archaeological evidence and their depiction in Roman art.
		A slide show takes you through a successful attempt to build a working trebuchet, there is a description of castle life and a brief explanation of the methods of siege warfare.
		It was only three years since the conquest of Constantinople and the fall of the fortress city of Belgrade could leave the European heartland open to the Ottoman Turks.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/wargaming/78661 (427 words)

	Salon News \| Belgrade under siege
		NATO warplanes and missiles attacked an army headquarters, oil refineries and other targets in and around Belgrade on Sunday, while Yugoslav forces drove toward Kosovo's western mountains, where ethnic Albanian guerrillas were preparing a last stand.
		It also reported NATO missiles hit an oil refinery at Pancevo, northeast of Belgrade, killing two workers and injuring four, while a 73-year-old woman died and seven people were injured in an attack on Cacak, an industrial town 50 miles south of the capital.
		In the capital's New Belgrade area, across the Sava River from the old city center, civil defense officials said a thermal heating plant was attacked, along with the police academy in the Banjica suburb.
	www.salon.com /news/feature/1999/04/05/kosovo_wire/print.html (722 words)

	Europa: The History of the White Race : Chapter 35 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1439, Serbia was formally annexed to the Ottoman Empire and in 1440, the city of Belgrade was besieged, although it was not seized by the Ottomans at that time.
		The Ottomans attempted to lay siege to Belgrade in 1456, but were defeated by a Hungarian national hero, whose name is still celebrated today, Janos Hunyadi.
		The Ottomans finally seized Belgrade in 1521, and in 1526, the Turks inflicted a crushing defeat on the hastily gathered together Hungarian army at the battle of Mohacs, where the Hungarian King and more than 20,000 White soldiers were killed.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/fowles/500/hwr35.htm (4435 words)

	City of Belgrade - Important Years in City History
		Belgrade becomes the capital of the Princedom of Serbia in the first period of rule of Mihailo ObrenoviÄ
		Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
		The Germans bomb Belgrade on April 6, and occupy it on April 12
	www.beograd.org.yu /cms/view.php?id=201239 (853 words)

	Medieval Belgrade
		Among fortifications of SouthEast Europe, Belgrade in its history plays an unseparable role in the events wich had, over past two thousand years, influenced destinies of European states and nations.
		Author's goal is to bring forth to public the atmosphere of medieval Belgrade (Serbian: Beograd; Hungarian: Nandorfehervar), at the peak of its development, starting from the rule of Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarevic from 1404 to the Turkish conquest of Belgrade in 1521.
		Attention in ongoing project is to show famous siege in 1456 when Janos Hunyadi (English: John Hunyadi) and Giovanni da Capistrano (English: John Capistrano) succesfully defended the city from Ottoman Turks
	www.belgradexv.com /index.htm (259 words)

	Serbia: Its History, Art and Culture>
		It is also about Belgrade, “The White City”, onthe co nfluence of two great rivers and the meeting place of mankind’s greatest civilizations.
		Produced in color, this highly educational video is an exciting blend of museum slides and moving pictures with a likely narration.
		Siege of Belgrade by the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent in 1521, shown by contemporary 16
	www.teslasociety.com /serbiatape.htm (330 words)

	History of the War in Kosovo
		Most infamous was the siege of Vukovar, where more than 10,000 civilians were killed and the first major war crime of the ensuing wars was committed.
		On April 6, 1992, the Bosnian Serbs launched a campaign of aggression against Bosnia with the siege of Sarajevo and the ethnic cleansing of the Drina River valley and the Bosnian Krajina (north and northwest parts of the country).
		During the next three and a half years, Bosnian Serb forces, with the support of Milosevic in Belgrade, laid waste to large parts of Bosnia, killing more than 200,000 civilians and forcing half the population, two million people, to flee their homes.
	www.friendsofbosnia.org /edu_kos.html (2695 words)

	World history and events in 1456 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arc's canonization is effectively initiated at this point
		Mehmet II besieges the Hungarians under John Hunyadi but fails to capture Belgrade
		Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joan's conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy
	badley.info /history/1456.year.html (250 words)

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