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Topic: Siege of Drogheda

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Siege of Drogheda
		Drogheda, a town in eastern Ireland, was besieged twice in the 1640s, during the Irish Confederate Wars, the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
		Drogheda was by this time garrisoned by an English Royalist regiment under Arthur Aston and Irish Confederate troops – a total strength of about 3100 (roughly half of them English the other half Irish).
		This was not a convincing argument however, as Drogheda had never fallen to the Irish rebels in 1641, or the forces of Confederate Ireland in the years that followed.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Siege_of_Drogheda (1495 words)

	The Siege of Londonderry - 1689 AD
		The dangers of the siege did not entirely put an end to religious disputes and jealousies among the citizens.
		Cannon were planted on the summit of a broad tower which has since given place to one of different proportions, and ammunition was stored in the vaults.
		He was reckoned the most efficient officer in the Jacobite army, for Hamilton, the commander, had no pretensions to be a general, and had never before been present at a siege.
	www.lynx2ulster.com /Siege/chaptertwo.php (2483 words)

	Siege of Drogheda Information
		Drogheda, a town in eastern Ireland, was besieged twice in the 1640s, during the Irish Confederate Wars, the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
		Drogheda was by this time garrisoned by an English Royalist regiment under Arthur Aston and Irish Confederate troops -a total strength of about 3100 (roughly half of them English the other half Irish).
		This was not a convincing argument however, as Drogheda had never fallen to the Irish rebels in 1641, or the forces of Confederate Ireland in the years that followed.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Siege_of_Drogheda (1531 words)

	Siege of Drogheda - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Drogheda, a town in eastern Ireland, was besieged twice in the 1640s, during the Irish Confederate Wars, the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
		The rebels, who were mostly from Ulster and about 6000 strong, did not have siege artillery (or indeed any artillery) to breach the walls of Drogheda and so blockaded the town, hoping to starve it into surrender.
		Drogheda was by this time garrisoned by an English Royalist regiment under Arthur Aston about 3000 strong and also some Irish Confederate troops.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Siege_of_Drogheda (623 words)

	Drogheda Siege of - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Drogheda, Siege of, siege conducted by Oliver Cromwell on September 3-11, 1649, the first step in the subjugation of Ireland by the new English...
		The execution of the king, the foundation of the English republican Commonwealth in March 1649, and the rule of the Rump (the purged House of Commons...
		St Peter's Church in Drogheda holds an important place in Irish history due to its association with Oliver Cromwell, and the siege of 1649.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Drogheda_Siege_of.html (223 words)

	Drogheda - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Drogheda, municipal borough and seaport in eastern Ireland, on the border of Louth and Meath counties, 41 km (25 mi) north of Dublin.
		The participation of the Anglo-Norman nobility from the coastal Pale in the War of the Roses greatly impaired English strength in Ireland.
		Drogheda (də]) or [drɒhədə]) (Droichead Átha in Irish, meaning Bridge of the Ford) is an industrial and port town in County Louth (on the border with County Meath) on the east coast of Ireland...
	encarta.msn.com /Drogheda.html (208 words)

	Tour Ireland
		The battle itself is commemorated every year in the North, at the so-called Sham Fight in the grounds of Scarva House, Scarva, Co. Down, on 13 July annually.
		In the meantime, back in the Boyneside town of Drogheda, the new Drogheda Heritage Centre has a fine audio-visual presentation on 800 years of the town's history.
		This includes Cromwell's bloody siege of Drogheda in 1649, when his forces killed 2,000 of the town's inhabitants and sent most of the survivors to Barbados.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/travel/tours/tour01.shtm (421 words)

	Siege of Drogheda at AllExperts
		Drogheda was by this time garrisoned by an English Royalist regiment under Arthur Aston and Irish Confederate troops -a total strength of about 3100 (roughly half of them English the other half Irish).
		This was not a convincing argument however, as Drogheda had never fallen to the Irish rebels in 1641, or the forces of Confederate Ireland in the years that followed.
		Moreover, what happened at Drogheda could be used by Irish Catholics to counter-balance the memory of the Irish massacres of 1641 and to show the Irish as victims rather than aggressors in the Civil Wars.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/si/siege_of_drogheda.htm (1467 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Siege
		Kut, Siege of (December 1915—April 1916) Successful siege of the town of Kut-al-Amara, now in Iraq, by Turkish troops in World War I. Kut-al-Amara is on the River Tigris and was garrisoned by a British imperial force under General Townshend, who had retreated there after his defeat by the...
		Ladysmith, Siege of A four-month siege by Boer forces during the Second Boer War of a town in eastern South Africa, in KwaZulu-Natal.
		Siege of Derry: Derry - the city of the sieges; Few events in Irish history have generated such controversy over the decades as the 1688-89 Siege of Derry.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Siege&StartAt=1 (874 words)

	ireland.com / TRAVELservice
		During the 10th century, Drogheda began to prosper as a town, with Danish settlers constructing defences on the river.
		By the end of the 14th century Drogheda was one of Ireland's most prominent towns, and had become an occasional meeting place for the Irish Parliament.
		During the civil war of the early 1920s, Drogheda was vehemently anti-treaty, and anti-treaty forces housed themselves in the local barracks.
	www.ireland.com /travel/counties/louth_t.htm (402 words)

	War
		In September 1649, Cromwell laid siege to the Irish city of Drogheda.
		Drogheda remains a stain on Cromwell's record – as a soldier, he was usually always ready to show a degree of mercy to a defeated enemy that was unusual for the time.
		Although he gave no direct orders for the massacre, it is clear that, in the heat of the moment, he lost the normal firm control he exercised over his troops and surrendered to the blood-lust that engulfed the final phase of the siege.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/H/history/war/cromwell.html (743 words)

	Churchmouse: Cadaver Tombs. St. Peter’s Church of Ireland, Drogheda, Co. Louth, Eire. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The earlier church must have been quite large for the time; it housed no less than seven chapels and its steeple was reputed to be 'the highest in the world' before it was destroyed by a storm on January 27th, 1548.
		That steeple was replaced with a wooden version, which was burnt on Oliver Cromwell's orders during the siege of Drogheda.
		Although much controversy surrounds Cromwell and the number of citizens killed as a result of the siege, it is alleged that the townspeople who had sought refuge within were killed by the blaze; those who escaped the inferno were slaughtered.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /peter.fairweather/docs/cadavertombs/drogheda_cadaver.htm (275 words)

	Chapter17 - Foxe's Book of Martyrs
		The garrison of Drogheda was in no condition to sustain a siege, notwithstanding which, as often as the Irish renewed their attacks they were vigorously repulsed by a very unequal number of the king's forces, and a few faithful Protestant citizens under Sir Henry Tichborne, the governor, assisted by the Lord Viscount Moore.
		The siege of Drogheda began on the thirtieth of November, 1641, and held until the fourth of March, 1642, when Sir Phelim O'Neal, and the Irish miscreants under him were forced to retire.
		The city was not properly circumstanced to sustain a siege, the defenders consisting of a body of raw undisciplined Protestants, who had fled thither for shelter, and half a regiment of Lord Mountjoy's disciplined soldiers, with the principal part of the inhabitants, making it all only seven thousand three hundred and sixty-one fighting men.
	www.biblebelievers.net /Romanism/kjcfox17.htm (5992 words)

	Drogheda Tourism :: Drogheda's Premier Tourism Information Centre
		Drogheda is one of Ireland's oldest and most historical towns.
		Known as the "Gateway to the Boyne Valley" Drogheda is associated with an extraordinary number of significant events in the history of Ireland - The Battle of the Boyne, St Oliver Plunkett, Poynings Law, Cromwell's Siege and the surrender of the Irish Chieftains to the English King.
		What ever your reason to visit Drogheda you will find many excellent things to see and do.You are sure to enjoy a friendly welcome and famed Irish hospitality.
	www.drogheda-tourism.com (174 words)

	Drogheda on the Boyne :: www.drogheda.ie \| www.drogheda-tourism.com
		Drogheda is situated in an area rich in heritage - read more about Newgrange, the Battle of the Boyne site and more local attractions.
		Drogheda on the Boyne Tourism provide a booking service for all hotels, guesthouses and hostels.
		Click here for a list of activities and more information on activities within the Drogheda area.
	drogheda.ie (230 words)

	HIST 458
		Taken all in all, it was not a pretty age in which to be involved in a siege willy-nilly, and the situation of the civilian inhabitants of Drogheda in September 1649 could at best be said to be highly exposed.
		So the massacre at Drogheda was followed by another at Wexford, which had long been a thorn in the side of English traders as a privateering centre.
		The indiscriminate inhumanity with which that revenge was exacted upon the royalist garrison and many of the townspeople of Drogheda and upon the defenders of Wexford, became indelibly impressed upon the folk memory of the Irish resistance.
	web.presby.edu /~rrheiser/458writing.htm (2742 words)

	The Earl of Tyrconnell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Richard Talbot fought at the siege of Drogheda in 1649.
		He was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Tyrconnell by James shortly after he became King.
		He was appointed head of the Irish army by James and in 1687 became Lord Deputy of Ireland.
	www.iol.ie /~kevins/boyne/tyrconnell.html (61 words)

	A Moment In Time with Dan Roberts
		For all time the name Oliver Cromwell would be associated with the small Irish town of Drogheda.
		North along the Irish coast, about 30 miles from Dublin, Drogheda was strategically situated at the mouth of the Boyne River.
		Cromwell set up his siege guns on the 10th of September and began to batter away at the fort.
	www.amomentintime.com /transcript.asp?AMIT_ID=1247 (385 words)

	Ireland 1649-1653
		Cromwell lead an English force to Ireland and, in a brutally conducted campaign which lasted until 1653, conquered the island.
		The most remarkable event was the conquest of Drogheda; the inhabitants of the city were put to the sword.
		Oliver Cromwell, Report from Ireland to Parliament (Dublin, 17 Sept 1649).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/ireland16491653.html (286 words)

	Nicholas Bernard
		Dean of Ardagh; author of The Whole Proceedings of The Siege of Drogheda, printed with George Walker’s True Account of The Siege of Londonderry (1736).
		The Whole Proceedings of The Siege of Drogheda to which is added a True Account of The Siege of Londonderry [by Nicholas Barnard and George Walker resp.] printed by R Reilly on Cork Hill for S Hyde bookseller Dame Street (Dub, M.DCC XXXVI), 178pp.
		title page of the second part: Account of the Siege of Londonderry [1689], by the Rev. Mr George Walker, Rector of Donoghmore in the County of Tyrone and late Governor of Derry in Ireland (Dublin MDDCCXXXVI).
	www.pgil-eirdata.org /html/pgil_datasets/authors/b/Bernard,N/life.htm (142 words)

	Guardian \| The case against Cromwell
		Based on contemporary sources rather than Restoration bias, Reilly shows that Cromwell did not massacre the inhabitants of Drogheda, he didn't even kill all the soldiers as was his right under 17th-century rules of warfare.
		Two men from his forces were executed in the run up to the siege of Drogheda for stealing chickens from a local inhabitant.
		According to David Evans there were only two massacres in Ireland, and at the one at Drogheda, "the victims were mainly English".
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,5368155-103683,00.html (293 words)

	Explore County Meath as the Royal County
		Tour Information: The tour takes you over all of the ground covered by Cromwell and his parliamentarian troops during the siege of Drogheda in 1649.
		A fascinating historical tour conducted by the author of "Cromwell at Drogheda" And "Cromwell — an honourable enemy".
		Tour Information: The tour covers Drogheda from an historical and anecdotal point of view.
	www.glensidehotel.ie /opencontent/default.asp?itemid=23§ion=Location (309 words)

	Friends, Though Divided by G. A. Henty: Chapter XVII. The Siege of Drogheda.
		It was on the 13th of August that Harry with his force joined the army of Ormonde, and the next day the news came that Cromwell had landed at Dublin, and had issued a bloodthirsty proclamation against the Irish.
		The garrison of Drogheda employed themselves busily in strengthening the town to the utmost, in readiness for the siege that Cromwell would, they doubted not, lay to it.
		His artillery was abundant, and was so well served that early the same afternoon two practical breaches were made, the one in the east, in the of St. Mary's Churchyard, the other to the south, in the wall of the town.
	www.online-literature.com /ga-henty/friends-though-divided/18 (3801 words)

	History of Ireland 16th Century Gaelic Chieftains
		In spite of this retreat Ireland remained a considerable military risk to the English and in 1649 Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) arrived in Ireland with his army.
		He began by capturing the town of Drogheda in County Louth after the infamous siege of Drogheda and went on to engulf the country granting his soldiers confiscated lands in lieu of pay and wrecking the infrastructure of Ireland.
		He thus laid the foundation for the widespread Protestant ownership of land and the Protestant land-owning ascendancy.
	www.okelly.net /okelly/page46.php (484 words)

	Drogheda Independent Newspaper - Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland
		I was horrified when I saw the front page headline on the Drogheda Independent dated April 20 2001....
		Despite the fact that the corresponding article on DI Plus appeared sympathetic and even appreciative of the job done by archaeologists on the area, your editorial se
		Gerri Bush's comments in your article in today's Drogheda Independent, titled ‘Nanny from hell alert over local child care’.
	www.unison.ie /drogheda_independent/index.php3?ca=53&issue_id=4401 (217 words)

	O'Reilly coat of arms
		Historians say this Monarch was the first who introduced image worship in Ireland.
		It was in this prince's lifetime that the Kingdom was divided in two parts by a line drawn from Drogheda to Limerick.
		Smiomghall: his son; in his lifetime the Picts in Scotland were forced to abide by their oath, and pay homage to the Irish Monarch; seven large woods were also cut down.
	www.araltas.com /features/reilly (8938 words)

	The Confederate War in Ireland 1642-1653
		Parliament reluctantly authorised the recruitment of troops in England and Wales to put down the rebellion.
		King Charles appointed the Earl (later Marquis) of Ormond commander-in-chief in Ireland, but government troops sent to relieve the siege of Drogheda were defeated at Julianstown by Rory O'More in November 1641.
		Reinforced by government troops from Drogheda and Ulster, Jones relieved the siege of Trim before moving against Preston.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /military/confederate-war.htm (2594 words)

	Brentwood Cool Springs Chamber of Commerce
		The siege of Drogheda began on the thirtieth of November,
		The remarkable siege of Londonderry was opened on the
		their affliction; and the siege was raised on the thirty-first of
	www.coolspringschamber.org /viewer.cfm?doc_id=14&InChap=26&doOther=yes (7112 words)

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