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	Official Report of the Siege of Fort Texas (Fort Brown)
		The firing commenced at the small sand bag fort, and was continued with seven guns.
		One mortar only observed, which was removed from the sand-bag fort, from whence the first shell was thrown; this fire was kept up briskly; and although the shot were generally well aimed, they did us no harm.
		After this removal of the guns of the enemy from the sand-bag fort, I ordered a deliberate fire from Captain Lowd's battery on their guns and the town, ordering the consulate flags to be respected.
	www.dmwv.org /mexwar/documents/fttexas.htm (511 words)

	Brownsville, Texas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Texas, a fort on the Mexican border was commissioned in 1845 less than a mile from what would become downtown Brownsville.
		In 1945 Fort Brown was decommissioned and in 1948 the City and College acquired the land.
		Brownsville is mentioned in the song "Matamoros Banks" by Bruce Springsteen, and in the song "Texas Women" by Hank Williams Jr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brownsville,_Texas (1440 words)

	Moving to Texas - Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Houston, El Paso, Austin
		The dense pine forests of eastern Texas contrast with the deserts of the western part of the state, and the grassy plains of the north contrast with the semiarid brushes of southern Texas.
		Although Texas is among the most populous of U.S. states, it is still considerably less crowded than the nation as a whole; the huge area of Texas means that the state's population density is less than that of the nation as a whole.
		Texas, however, claimed all the territory from the mouth of the Rio Grande to its source in southern Colorado, a claim vigorously opposed by those who wished to exclude slavery from the territories newly acquired from Mexico.
	www.abcmovex.com /states/TEXAS.html (4358 words)

	Fort Tours \| Early Republic of Texas Rangers
		So hopeful of the fort's success was the military commandant of the region that he envisioned it as the capital of Texas.
		Texas Indians never allowed themselves to be attacked by a hundred men together; they had evacuated the village, and we had nothing to do but occupy it.
		Texas had an army of five or six hundred men, and was preparing to invade Mexico.
	www.forttours.com /pages/repoftex.asp (4426 words)

	Fort Brown, Texas: A New Frontier.
		Fort Brown, however, was an important post on Taylor’s supply route as his army trekked deep into Mexico, fighting at Monterey, La Angostura, and Buena Vista against elements of the same army they had battled along the Rio Grande.
		Hand-made, soft clay bricks or adobe and clay daub, along with small nails, suggest the inhabitants lived in a house with clay walls and a wooden frame, perhaps a small hut with a thatched roof, known as a jacal.
		The fort commander, Giles Porter, was court-martialed in 1857 because of alcohol abuse and relieved of his post by a panel of military judges.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/brownsville/english/index-2.htm (2972 words)

	Fort Brown, Texas: A New Frontier.
		The original Fort Brown, shaped from dirt on the banks of the Rio Grande River, was hotly contested in the earliest battles of the Mexican-American War, which began in 1846.
		One of the forts of the era, the Casamata, still stands and is maintained as a museum of Mexican history.
		Fort commander Major Jacob Brown, in charge of the defense, was overseeing the firing of a cannon when an incoming shell crashed a few feet away and exploded, shattering his leg.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/brownsville/english (2526 words)

	Palo Alto Battlefield NHS - Park News
		Apparently believing that a charge on the fort would produce heavy casualties in his own ranks, Mexican General Pedro de Ampudia instead settled in for a more traditional siege in the hope that General Arista's army could prevent assistance from reaching the fort.
		Though the confrontation at Fort Texas lasted six days, with periods of heavy cannon fire, casualties were remarkably low.
		After a century of gradual erosion, the fort took a direct hit in the 1950s, when much of the structure was bulldozed to build a levee along the Rio Grande.
	www.nps.gov /paal/siegeofforttexas.htm (762 words)

	Official Report (2) of the Siege of Fort Texas (Fort Brown)
		Fort Texas), to W. Bliss, Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of Occupation, Texas.
		At 9 o'clock, a.m., it was reported that a reconnoissance of officers, escorted by mounted men of the enemy, was going on in rear within eight hundred yards of the fort, and that other parties, mounted and infantry, were at the same distance, extending from the bend of the lagoon to the river.
		At a quarter past five o'clock, a.m., the enemy's batteries again opened with shells from the lower fort, from the sand-bag battery, and from our rear; the fire this morning was kept up until 8 a.m., without cessation.
	www.dmwv.org /mexwar/documents/fttexas2.htm (1638 words)

	Fort Tours \| Southeast Texas
		This Texas Ranger fort was built by Major William H. Smith's battalion early in 1837 and commanded by Captain Lee C. Smith as part of the defensive line established by the Republic of Texas against marauding Plains Indians.
		This fort was a Civil War earthwork fortification on the east shore of Matagorda Island constructed to guard Cavallo Pass, the entry to Matagorda Bay.
		The principal encampment of the army of the Republic of Texas from April 22 through the middle of June 1837, was Camp Bowie located on the east side of the Navidad River at Red Bluff, 8 miles southeast of the community of Edna.
	www.forttours.com /pages/hmsetexas.asp (9302 words)

	Ft. Worth Flowers, Ft. Lauderdale Florists, Houston Fruit Baskets, Jacksonville Fruit Baskets, Kansas City Flowers
		Texas remained a republic for almost a decade until annexation by the United States in 1845.
		Texas remained a state until 1861 when it seceded from the Union to become part of the Confederacy.
		Texas was readmitted to the United States in 1870.
	www.gifttree.com /ftworth/history.php (1276 words)

	History of the Moses Austin 300 Families that settled Texas in the 1820's. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SAMUEL R. Since the Spanish were eager to settle the vast expanse that was the Texas territory, it was decided under the colonization decree drawn up by the Spanish that the family would be the unit for land distribution.
		Soldiers who fought in the Siege of Bexar and the battle of San Jacinto (including the baggage detail at Harrisburg), and the heirs of those who fell at the Alamo and Goliad were eligible for 640 acres.
		An agency was established in the city of Mobile, and David White was authorized as an agent of Texas to sell land scrip at a minimum rate of $0.50 per acre for the benefit of the government.
	www.forttumbleweed.com /old300.html (2985 words)

	Fort Worth, Texas gunman linked to fascist group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Craig said he had notified the FBI after his interview with Ashbrook and other supporters of right-wing terrorism in 1997, and that he called the Fort Worth police department "repeatedly" in the days after the Wedgwood killings, but neither agency has shown any interest in evidence that right-wing politics may underlie the massacre.
		FBI officials said they had no plans to pursue Craig's story and Fort Worth police spokesman David Ellis was unaware Craig had even called the department.
		The fact of his derangement does not, however, render irrelevant the political connections which he seems to have formed during the last years of his life, and which certainly contributed to the homicidal form of his mental breakdown.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/kill-s22.shtml (706 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: BROWN, JACOB
		with instructions to Brown to defend Fort Texas to the last man. Although he outnumbered Brown's garrison by several thousand men, Ampudia determined that his artillery could not breach the fort's dirt walls and that an assault would be too costly and so settled into a formal siege.
		Command of the fort devolved upon Capt. Edgar S. Hawkins, who refused Ampudia's surrender demand on the afternoon of the sixth and held his lines until Arista withdrew Ampudia's command beyond the Rio Grande on May 8.
		Fort Texas was renamed Fort Brown in his honor, and the city of Brownsville derived its name from that of the fort.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/print/BB/fbr87.html (529 words)

	Timeline Texas
		But it was in May 1846 during the siege of Fort Brown, Texas, that Sarah distinguished herself by calmly making coffee and bean soup in an open courtyard as Mexican explosive shells burst around her.
		Kennedy, accompanied by Texas Governor John Connolly and his wife, were driven slowly through the downtown streets on their way to a scheduled speech at the Dallas Trade Mart.
		Texas jury selection in the trial of Oprah began Jan 20 and she was acquitted by the jury on Feb 26, 1998.
	timelines.ws /states/TEXAS.HTML (16185 words)

	Our Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From its gallant defense at Fort Brown in May of 1846 to the Heights of Cerro Gordo, and the Valley of Mexico, this Color helped inspire past Cottonbalers in service to their country.
		At the Siege of Fort Texas, when the large garrison flag could not be raised, a smaller staff was rigged inside the earthworks, and this silk National Standard was raised in its place.
		The artist for all Colors except the 1808 National is Lee Basore of Austin Texas.
	cottonbalers.lynchburg.net /OurFlags.htm (769 words)

	EVIDENCE and CHRONOLOGY.
		This is a Substantive Treaty (like a 'battlefield promotion') that recognized The Republic of Texas 10th Congress government through Her duly elected diplomatic officers - for the first time since the mutual Treaty between The Republic of Texas and the USA of 1842 (original 1838).
		Please be advised that The Republic of Texas is a neutral nation, with a republican form of government that is secular in nature, advocating Separation of Church and State, plus committed to equality irrespective of gender, race or creed.
		When the 'STATE' of Texas realized what was really going on, the usual confrontation was arranged by Sheriff Bailey, then the Siege at Fort Davis followed.
	www.republicoftexas.50megs.com /photo2.html (1017 words)

	US-Mexican War 1846
		On May 3, 1846, Mexican artillery opened fire on Fort Texas from all directions, hoping to force a quick surrender of the defenders.
		General Taylor soon marched to assist his besieged men.After pausing to improve defenses at his supply depot, known as Fort Polk, on May 7 he set out with 2,300 troops and 200 supply wagons to break the siege of Fort Texas.
		In the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico agreed to surrender all claims to Texas and accept the Rio Grande as the boundary of that state.
	www.principlesofwar.com /scenarios/19thc/USmexindex.htm (1435 words)

	TheHistoryNet: Where History Lives On The Web
		Fort Wagner and the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
		The doomed assault on Fort Wagner won the 54th Massachusetts a place in history, but did not win the battle for the North.
		The last four decades have witnessed a fundamental transformation in the types of men, and now women, who exercise the broad and untrammeled judicial power of the U.S. Supreme Court.
	www.historynet.com (313 words)

	Adjutant's Call Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the last week of April and the first week of May, 1846, the 7th Infantry, along with a battery of the 2nd and 3rd Artillery, held the earthen fort as Mexican artillery from Matamoros and its forts attempted to bombard the Americans into submission.
		When the US colors were temporarily loosened from the flag staff outside of the fort, the 7th raised it's own national colors on a pole to insure that the flag of the United States could be seen.
		Fort Texas and the 7th were relieved, Matamoros occupied and Taylor's command would move on to Monterrey.
	www.cottonbalers.lynchburg.net /adjcall.htm (364 words)

	Battle of Palo Alto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of Palo Alto was the first major battle of the Mexican-American War and was fought on May 8, 1846.
		The battle occurred as a result of Mexican efforts to besiege an American military installation, Fort Texas, which the Mexicans viewed as having been built within the boundaries of Mexican Texas.
		Before the opening shots of the engagement, many foreign observers were convinced that Mexico's larger and more professional army would easily defeat that of the United States.
	usapedia.com /b/battle-of-palo-alto.html (241 words)

	Mexican War (May 1846-February 1848)
		The main issue of dispute was the border between Mexico and the United States, with both states claiming the area between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River.
		The first, in Texas, started on 24 March 1846, when General Taylor with 3,500 men advanced to the Rio Grande, and established a fortified camp (Fort Texas) opposite the city of Matamoros, before marching with most of his force to his supply camp at the mouth of the Rio Grande.
		In his absence, General Mariano Arista with 6,000 crossed the Rio Grande and laid siege to Fort Texas (soon renamed Fort Brown, after Major Jacob Brown who was killed commanding the defense.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/wars_mexican.html (943 words)

	Texas Monthly March 2004: Siege Mentality
		THE CRISIS HIT, NOT IN THE southern part of Texas in the town of San Antone but on U.S. 83 somewhere between Abilene and Childress.
		Many non-Texans also claim the fort as their forte.
		Frank Thompson, a television writer in Los Angeles, is the author of several Alamo books, including an addictive treatise on Alamo movies; fittingly, he landed a bit part in the new cinematic epic.
	www.texasmonthly.com /mag/issues/2004-03-01/texana.php (699 words)

	The Siege of Fort Motte
		It was a strategically located mansion at the point where the Congaree and Wateree joined to form the Santee River.
		On May 10, the call for surrender was refused and that evening, the rebels learned that Lord Rawdon was retreating toward Fort Motte.
		After three days of regular approaches and with Lord Rawdon approaching, Lee decided to fire flaming arrows onto the mansion's roof and burn the British out.
	www.myrevolutionarywar.com /battles/810508.htm (301 words)

	[No title]
		February 3-4 - Siege of Pueblo de Taos.
		February 23 - Battle of Buena Vista - General Taylor's 4,700 soldiers withstand the attack of Santa Anna's 20,000 Mexicans.
		March 27 - General Winfried Scott captures the fort on the harbor of Veracruz.
	www.america-at-war.net /mexwar.htm (205 words)

	Dawn at the Alamo: Reuben M. Potter's account of the siege - Page 14 - Texas State Library
		Dawn at the Alamo: Reuben M. Potter's account of the siege - Page 14 - Texas State Library
		from the fort and and 30 or forty east of the old bridge.
		Reuben M. Potter to McArdle, August 13, 1874, The McArdle Notebooks, Archives and Information Services Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /mcardle/alamo/alamo22-14.html (278 words)

	Fort
		1965 Hal Morris, born in Fort Rucker, Alabama, infielder for the Cincinnati Reds
		1918 Cesar A Cui, Lithuanian fort builder/composer, dies at 83
		1864 Griffin A Stedman, Union-brig-gen (Fort Stedman), dies in battle at 26
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/f/fort.html (1490 words)

	vita
		Richard Griswold del Castillo, The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict for The Journal of South Texas 15
		Ralph Wooster, Lone Star Soldiers in Gray for The Journal of South Texas 14 (Spring 2001).
		"U.S. Army Uniforms in Antebellum Texas," presented at the Texas Forts Trail Muster, Fort Worth, Texas, 26 April 2002.
	www.mcm.edu /~wettemar/vita.html (693 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Michael Stravato for The New York Times In 1857, Mexican-American freight haulers were hanged on an oak tree at the courthouse in Goliad, Tex. GOLIAD, Tex., July 16 — In history books, the killing of more than 300 Texan rebels by Mexican troops here has long been known as the Goliad Massacre.
		But to many residents of Goliad, with its 18th-century Spanish fort and towering monument to the dead, that brutal episode in its history is still open to interpretation.
		At the heart of the dispute, largely between Anglos and Mexican-Americans, is the porous definition of who is a Texan...
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=mexicanwar (1324 words)

	Siege of Fort Sumpter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the siege of Fort Sumter(Aug. 17 - Dec. 31), thirty one major battles occurred concurrently in four theaters of operation.
		In the Trans-Mississippi Theater, seven major battles occurred: Lawrence, Kansas(Aug. 21), Devil’s Backbone, Arkansas(Sep. 1), Whitestone Hill, North Dakota (Sep. 3-5), Sabine Pass II, Texas (Sep.8),
		In the Lower Seaboard Theater, four other actions occurred:: Second assault on Fort Wagner(July 18-Sep. 7), Charleston Harbor II(a landing attack on Fort Sumter, Sep. 7-8), Stirling’s Plantation, Louisiana(Sep. 29) and Fort Brooke, Florida(Oct. 16-18.)
	historyscope.com /sumpter.htm (142 words)

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