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Topic: Siege of Harfleur

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	Military Engineers - LoveToKnow 1911
		By the middle of the 13th century there was in England an organized body of skilled workmen employed under a "chief engineer." At the siege of Calais in 1347 this corps consisted of masons, carpenters, smiths, tentmakers, miners, armourers, gunners and artillerymen.
		At the siege of Harfleur in 1415 the chief engineer was designated Master of the King's Works, Guns and Ordnance, and the corps under him numbered 500 men, including 21 foot-archers.
		Headquarters of engineers existed at the Tower of London before 1350, and a century later developed into the Office of Ordnance (afterwards the Board of Ordnance), whose duty was to administer all matters connected with fortifications, artillery and ordnance stores.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Military_Engineers (1288 words)

	Siege of Harfleur -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The siege of Harfleur (A former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie) Normandy (A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) France began 18 August 1415
		Harfleur yielded to the invaders on September 22.
		During the siege the English army had be hard hit by dysentery which continued to affect them after the siege ended.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/siege_of_harfleur.htm (291 words)

	Siege of Harfleur - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The siege of Harfleur Normandy France began 18 August 1415 and ended on 22 September when Harfleur surrendered to the English.
		Details of the siege are not well known but seem to have followed the standard pattern of late medieval siege warfare and after the walls had been seriously damaged by the twelve great guns in the English siege train, Henry planned a general assault one month to the day that the town had been enveloped.
		Harfleur yielded to the invaders on September 22.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Siege_of_Harfleur (367 words)

	[Jeanne d'Arc]>> Battle>Harfleur
		Harfleur, now a drab suburb of Le Havre, was a considerable town in 1415, a fishing port, a centre for the cloth trade specialising in weaving and dyeing, a busy trading town, protected by a high encircling wall two and a half miles in circumference, studded with twenty-six taller towers.
		Henry's heavy siege artillery therefore began to pound the defences, while his sappers begun to dig in and undermine the walls.
		By the middle of September, the outcome of the siege was finely balanced, but there was no sign of relief from the main French army, which was said to be mustering near Paris, and supplies were growing short within the town.
	www.jeanne-darc.dk /p_war/0_battles/harfleur.html (721 words)

	Siege of Harfleur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The siege of Harfleur Normandy France began 18 August 1415 and ended on 22 September when Harfleur surrendered to the English.
		On Tuesday 13 August 1415 Henry V of England landed at Chef-en-Caux in the Seine estuary.
		Details of the siege are not well known but seem to have followed the standard pattern of siege warfare in the Late Middle Ages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Harfleur (379 words)

	To Capture a Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sieges, likewise, involved much more than bombarding a fortress until either the garrison surrendered or the defenses were overcome.
		Consequently, the full-out siege was normally a last resort, unless, of course, the attacking king or lord had a particular investment in breaking his opponent.
		Given the huge effort involved in coordinating a siege and assembling an army, potential besiegers made at least cursory efforts to convince the garrison, the constable, or the lord of the castle to surrender peaceably.
	historynet.com /mhq/blcaptureacastle (1439 words)

	www.siege-weapons.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Siege towers, a battering ram, ladders and a number of trebuchets and mangonels were constructed by the crusaders to enable them to quickly take the city before they could be overwhelmed by Fatimid reinforcements.
		The siege attracted aid from both England and Flanders, and while King Philip of France failed to interfere with the English supply lines or their army, Edward likewise failed to interfere with the supplying of the population of Calais by Genoese sailors loyal to France.
		But the siege of Harfleur took longer than anticipated as it was very well fortified with twenty-six towers and three barbicans together with a deep moat.
	www.siege-weapons.com /16253.html?sessionidkey=sessionidval (2150 words)

	Siege Tactics of Late Middle Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In siege warfare, the advantage was mostly with the defending forces.
		Harfleur was also protected by a wall two miles in circumference, with three gates serving as entryways – the Leure gate in the south-west, the
		During the siege, the garrison strength was approximately 400 troops under the command of Sire d’Estouteville and Sire de Gaucourt.
	filebox.vt.edu /~msuh1/project/myung/sigetactics.html (3849 words)

	Harfleur - Encyclopedia.com
		The siege and capture (1415) of Harfleur by the English in the Hundred Years War is described by Shakespeare in Henry V. Author not available, HARFLEUR.
		The governor of Harfleur surrenders the town because the French...
		When the English trace their patriotism to the siege of Harfleur in 1415, they find a ruthlessness at odds with the country...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Harfleur.html (1113 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Ancient and Medieval Wars \| Medieval Warfare: How to Capture a Castle with Siegecraft
		Sieges, likewise, involved much more than bombarding a fortress until either the garrison surrendered or the defenses were overcome.
		Consequently, the full-out siege was normally a last resort, unless, of course, the attacking king or lord had a particular investment in breaking his opponent.
		Given the huge effort involved in coordinating a siege and assembling an army, potential besiegers made at least cursory efforts to convince the garrison, the constable, or the lord of the castle to surrender peaceably.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/ancient_medieval_wars/3033256.html?featured=y&c=y (1581 words)

	The Cross of St George
		St Thomas of Canterbury was the English patron saint, and the first known appearance of the banner of St George was in 1300 at the siege of Caerlaverock.
		At the siege of Harfleur in 1415 the English ships displayed St George’s Cross, and the Saint supported the English at Agincourt where his banner was flown and his name invoked as the English warcry.
		Lydgate, Siege of Harfleur and Battle of Agincourt, pp 16 and 22
	www.baronage.co.uk /2002c/stgeorge.html (436 words)

	Michael Miller - Wars of the Roses - Chapter 19: King Henry V's campaigns in France - 1415
		Harfleur was a notorious nest of pirates who were long overdue for some positive attention to protect lawful trade.
		He could have intended a quick capture of Harfleur, and then from a secure base on the French shore, to attack and threaten French cities, although these were strongly fortified, with the object of forcing the French army to give battle and then to destroy it.
		Much time had been taken to capture Harfleur, and it was now late in the season to follow any original plans of bringing the French army to a decisive battle on a battlefield of Henry's choosing in Normandy.
	www.warsoftheroses.co.uk /chapter_19.htm (5066 words)

	Free Essay Shakespeare - Henry 5 - Before The Shining Walls Of Harfleur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the play Henry V, during the siege of Harfleur, King Henry delivers a speech, which stirs the battle-weary men (who are thinking of deserting before the coming winter), into a frenzy, winning the battle and continuing the siege.
		Henry's entire speech could be cited as an example of pathos, but several passages stand out in the way they make the speech seem to touch on feelings that the soldiers already have, as if it is personally for every single person in the audience.
		In his speech at the walls of Harfleur, Henry successfully uses tropes, grammatical schemes, and pathos to propel his soldiers into battle.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=25948 (614 words)

	Compare "For The Fallen", "Henry V At The Siege Of Harfleur", and "The Soldier".
		Compare "For The Fallen", "Henry V At The Siege Of Harfleur", and "The Soldier".
		Coursework and Essays: By Level: GCSE: Literature: Poetry: War Poetry: Compare "For The Fallen", "Henry V At The Siege Of Harfleur", and "The Soldier"
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Compare "For The Fallen", "Henry V At The Siege Of Harfleur", and "The Soldier".".
	www.coursework.info /i/41059.html (570 words)

	Osprey Campaign 9 : Agincourt 1415 : Triumph Against the Odds
		Henry V's forces were numerically weakened by their earlier siege-action at Harfleur, and had become increasingly tired, hungry and ill as they journeyed through enemy territory on their way to the safe port of Calais.
		The havoc that this weapon wreaked on the French forces before they were close enough to engage with the English knights was crucial for the English victory, as was the disorganisation of the French forces and the unforeseen problems in their pre-prepared battle plan.
		Matthew Bennett examines the Agincourt campaign from the siege of Harfleur to the aftermath of the battle at Agincourt itself.
	www.militaryfocus.com /osprey/campaign/9.htm (338 words)

	Re: John Holand [1395/6-1447], 3rd Duke of Exeter, Constable Of The Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		= = DSH = ------------------- = = John Holand [1395/6-1447], later Constable Of The Tower [1420] and 3rd = Duke of Essex [6 Jan 1443/4] certainly WAS at the Siege of Harfleur and = the Battle of Agincourt.
		DSH ------------------- John Holand [1395/6-1447], later Constable Of The Tower [1420] and 3rd Duke of Essex [6 Jan 1443/4] certainly WAS at the Siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agincourt.
		Thomas Beaufort was ALSO at the Siege of Harfleur, took the surrender of the city on 22 Sep 1415 and commanded the garrison there AFTER the surrender.
	www.science-one.com /new-5615477-4250.html (706 words)

	Ferrers
		He went to Frances with King Henry V in Aug. 1415 and was at the siege of Harfleur, and then in the battle of Agincourt on 25 Oct. 1415.
		Accompanying Henry V to France again in Aug. 1417, he was at the siege of Rouen from July 1418 to Jan. 1418/9 in the division commanded by the Earl of Huntingdon.
		He was also in the siege of Melun from July to Nov. 1420, and that of Meaux from Oct. 1421 to May 1422.
	todmar.net /ancestry/ferrers_main.htm (2128 words)

	The Hundred Years War : Battle of Agincourt
		The siege took its toll, many in the army dying of disease, and a strong garrison had to be left to defend the captured port.
		In August 1415 Henry’s army landed at Harfleur and began the siege of the town.
		The late departure of the army from England and the unexpectedly stubborn resistance of the Harfleur garrison left little of the campaigning season.
	www.britishbattles.com /100-years-war/agincourt.htm (2199 words)

	MILITARY ENGINEERS - LoveToKnow Article on MILITARY ENGINEERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		At the siege of Calais in 1347 this corps consisted of masons, carpenters, smiths, tentmakers, miners, armourers, gunners and artillerymen.
		At the siege of Harfleur in 1415 the chief engineer was designated Master of the Kings Works, Guns and Ordnance, and the corps under him numbered 500 men, including 21 foot-archers.
		Headquarters of engineers existed at the Tower of London before 1350, and a century later developed into the Office of Ordnance (afterwards the Board of Ordnance), whose duty was to administer all matters connected with fortifications, artillery and ordnance stores.
	74.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EN/ENGINEERS_MILITARY.htm (1290 words)

	Siege of Harfleur, 19 August-22 September 1415
		Henry V's first military action after resuming the Hundred Years War was the siege of Harfleur, an important town at the mouth of the river Seine.
		The town was well fortified, and was able to hold for six weeks, during which time Henry's army was weakened by dysentery.
		The battle of Agincourt occurred on Henry's march from Harfleur to Calais.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_harfleur.html (103 words)

	The Hundred Years War
		They were then charged from the flank by the English knights and men-at-arms and routed with a loss of 8,000 killed and numerous prisoners, including the king.
		Henry V landed 10,000 men at the mouth of the Seine, mid-August, and laid siege to Harfleur, chief port of northwest France, on August 19.
		Henry V, having captured Harfleur with his army of 6,000 (often mistakenly said to number 15,000), crossed the Somme and was confronted by a French army of 50,000 under the Constable d'Albret.
	www.livinghistory.co.uk /homepages/purbrook_bowmen/hundred_years_war.htm (735 words)

	Timeline
		Joint Punic and Syracusan siege of Messana begins the fighting.
		Siege that delays the Roman army in North Africa, allowing the Carthaginians to arrive with an army.
		Start of siege of Constantinople, by the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Mahomet II 29 May
	www.historyofwar.org /periodframe.html (1855 words)

	Osprey Trade Editions
		Brought to bay after the long siege of Harfleur, Henry V’s army was soaked, starving and riddled with disease, and facing a French army at odds of more than 3 to 1.
		The epic siege of the island fortress of the Knights Hospitaller by the Turkish army of Suliman is a compelling tale of bravery against the odds.
		Siege tactics and weaponry are discussed and illustrated.
	www.michtoy.com /MTSCnewSite/Books_folder/ImagesBooks_Magazines/BK_Historical/ospreytradeeditions.html (1741 words)

	The Hundred Years' War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The French are under the rule of the partly mad ruler King Charles VI and seem ripe for the picking under his disorganized regime.
		The siege lasted for about a month and Henry marched into the town victorious but with his army severly depleted--mainly from illness.
		Thomas de Montacute and 5,000 English troops begin the siege of Orleans, the largest fortified position held by Charles of France, on October 23, 1428.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/Hundred_Years.html (1787 words)

	Shakespeare's Henry V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Henry sailed to the mouth of the Seine and after a short siege captured Harfleur, which he meant to use as a base for the conquest of Normandy.
		In the summer of I418 Henry crossed the Seine and began the siege of the strongly fortified and important city of Rouen.
		Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, was to be the guardian of the infant son, the news of whose birth had cheered Henry at the siege of Meaux.
	www.entrenet.com /groedmed/henryv/henryV.html (1705 words)

	History of the Castle: Powderham Castle, Exeter, Devon, England
		He died at the siege of Harfleur 1415, and was succeeded by his nephew, another Sir Philip, who added the ‘Grange’ accommodation for important visitors, the site of the current chapel.
		Sir William was killed at the siege of St. Quintin in 1557, leaving a son aged only 4 years old.
		Powderham had been fairly badly damaged during the two sieges, and although it was not completely abandoned the family did not live there again during Sir William’s lifetime.
	www.powderham.co.uk /history-conservation-Powderham.htm (2288 words)

	history of Clifford family
		He took part in the siege of Harfleur and fought at Agincourt in 1415.
		He was rewarded for his service to the king by creating a knight of the order of the garter.
		He was killed at the siege of Meaux in 1422.
	www.geocities.com /EnchantedForest/7695/clifford.html (600 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Special units, such as engineers and the operators of siege artillery, were usually professionals hired for the campaign.
		If an army laying siege did not make arrangements to have food and supplies brought in, it might have to lift its siege to avoid starvation long before the defenders had to surrender.
		During his campaign in France, Henry V of England lost an estimated 15 percent of his army to disease at the siege of Harfleur and more on the march leading up to Agincourt.
	www.hostultra.com /~i2k/history/ArmiesOrg.html (950 words)

	GameSpot Presents: Age of Empires II: The Conquerors Expansion Game Guide
		After a successful but debilitating siege of Harfleur, Henry V, for reasons unknown, decided to march his depleted army overland from Harfleur to Calais.
		You begin the game outside the fortress of Harfleur along the southeast map edge, and as the scenario opens, your army is recoiling from the failed siege.
		As you retreat from Harfleur, you have the option of heading north or turning east, away from the coast.
	www.gamespot.com /gamespot/guides/pc/ageofempire2/p4_05.html (651 words)

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