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Topic: Siege of Leningrad

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	The 900-day Siege of Leningrad, Russia (The Leningrad Blockade)
		For everyone who lives in St. Petersburg the Blokada (the Siege) of Leningrad is an important part of the city's heritage and a painful memory for the population's older generations.
		The Red Army was outflanked and on September 8 1941 the Germans had fully encircled Leningrad and the siege began.
		In January 1943 the Siege was broken and a year later, on January 27 1944 it was fully lifted.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /history/siege.asp (475 words)

	The Siege of Leningrad September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944 - World War II Multimedia Database
		Leningrad came to symbolize the Soviet-Nazi conflict, and Americans especially identified with the Leningrad inhabitants.
		The 900-Day Siege of Leningrad, Russia (The Leningrad Blockade) is an index and description of the history of Leningrad during the blockade years of World War II.
		The siege of Leningrad lasted from September 1941 to 1944.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/leningrad.htm (741 words)

	sociology - Siege of Leningrad
		The Finnish headquarters rejected however German pleas for aerial attacks against Leningrad (with the exception of a sole incident by a single aircraft which killed a lone elephant at the Leningrad Zoo) and did not advance further south from River Svir in the occupied East Karelia.
		Leningrad became the first Soviet city to be awarded the title Hero City.
		The Siege of Leningrad was commemorated in late 1950s by the Green Belt of Glory, a circle of trees and memorials along the historic frontline.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Siege_of_Leningrad (796 words)

	Siege of Leningrad Details, Meaning Siege of Leningrad Article and Explanation Guide
		The Finnish headquarters rejected however German pleas for aerial attacks against Leningrad (with the exception of a sole incident by a single aircraft which killed a lone elephant at the Leningrad Zoo) and did not advance further south from River Svir in the occupied East Karelia.
		Leningrad became the first Soviet city to be awarded the title Hero City.
		The Siege of Leningrad was commemorated in late 1950s by the Green Belt of Glory, a circle of trees and memorials along the historic frontline.
	www.e-paranoids.com /s/si/siege_of_leningrad.html (818 words)

	Siege of Leningrad (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By August, the Finns hadreconquered the Karelian Isthmus, threatening Leningrad from theWest, and were advancing through Karelia east of Lake Ladoga, threatening Leningrad from the North.
		For example, in 1944 several streets of Leningrad were renamedback to their historic names, including "Prospect of 25 October", which reverted back to its previous name, Nevsky Prospekt.
		The Siege of Leningrad was commemorated in late 1950s by the Green Belt of Glory, a circle of trees and memorials along the historicfrontline.
	www.therfcc.org /siege-of-leningrad-18293.html (675 words)

	Siege of Leningrad (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Siege of Leningrad, during World War II, lasted from September 8, 1941, to January 18, 1944.
		The carnage in the city from shelling and starvation (especially in the first winter) was appalling but Adolf Hitler was never able to hold his proposed victory party in the city nor carry out his planned destruction of this jewel of European civilisation.
		Most famously Dimitri Shostakovich's Seventh or Leningrad Symphony was written and first performed in the besieged city in 1941.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/si/siege_of_leningrad.html (383 words)

	::The Siege of Leningrad::
		The siege of Leningrad lasted from September 1941 to 1944.
		By mid-September (two weeks into the siege), Leningrad was effectively surrounded and cut-off from the rest of Russia with minimal food and energy supplies for her population.
		The siege was only lifted after the Germans, as part of their general retreat, withdrew in the face of the advance of the Red Army.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /siege_of_leningrad.htm (2130 words)

	War stories: Lifting the lid on the siege of Leningrad
		The siege of Leningrad is an event of massive significance in twentieth-century Russian history.
		But the siege of Leningrad stands out as the death toll – some 800 000 people – was the worst there has ever been in one city, and it became the largest-scale famine ever seen in the industrialised world.
		The siege – the blokada – had begun, and was to last for 900 days, until the Germans were forced to begin their retreat in 1944.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTX024059.html (1686 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Siege of Leningrad (Russian: Ð±Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð´Ð° ÐÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð½Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð° (transliteration: blokada Leningrada)) was the German siege of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) during World War II and one of the most lethal battles in world history.
		The siege lasted from September 8, 1941, until it was lifted on January 27, 1944.
		Leningrad had always prided itself on being a cultural city, and the choice of whether to burn a library (or 200-year old furniture) or freeze to death was a stark one.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=siege_of_Leningrad (2301 words)

	The Siege of Leningrad
		Leningrad… No city in the world is better suited to epitomise the great feat of redemption in the eyes of history in the years of World War Two.
		A tight siege should be imposed on the city and fire from all calibres of guns and incessant bombing raids should reduce the city to ashes...’
		The bread rations reduced to the minimum, the military council resolved to supply the city with food and fuel via the Ladoga Lake and on September 12th, 1941 two barges with grain and flour cast anchor at Cape Osinovets from the eastern side of the lake.
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv12n2/leningrad.htm (1743 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Siege of Leningrad (Russian: Ð±Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð´Ð° ÐÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð½Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð° (transliteration: blokada Leningrada)) was the German siege of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) during World War II and arguably the second most lethal battle in world history.
		During the siege, there were in total five food reductions: on September 2, September 10, October 1, November 13 and November 20 (250 g daily for manual workers and 125 g for other civilians).
		Leningrad had always prided itself on being a cultural city, and the choice of whether to burn a library (or 200-year old furniture) or freeze to death was a stark one.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Siege_of_Leningrad (2311 words)

	900 Days
		By 1943, Leningraders were enduring their second winter of the German army's siege of their city.
		By the beginning of the siege some 400,000 people -- mostly children -- had been evacuated from the city despite official assurances that food supplies were plentiful and the invaders were incurring huge losses.
		The two-and-a-half year siege of Leningrad and the determination of its inhabitants to survive were memorialized in stone monuments, in the poetry of Olga Berggolts and other Leningrad poets, in Dmitrii Shostakovich's Seventh ("Leningrad") Symphony, and in countless other ways.
	www.soviethistory.org /index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1943leningrad&Year=1943 (548 words)

	The Madonnas of Leningrad (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A wonderfully spare and elegant novel in which the 900-day siege of Leningrad during World War II is echoed by the destructive siege against the mind and memory of an elderly Russian woman suffering from Alzheimer's.
		The novel shifts between two settings: 1941 Leningrad, when the city was surrounded by German troops, and the present-day, as Marina, who had been a docent at Leningrad's Hermitage Museum during WWII, prepares for the wedding of her granddaughter off the coast of Seattle in the Pacific Northwest.
		As Marina's thoughts focus on the Siege of Leningrad through the prism of the empty Hermitage and its absent art-works, it becomes clear that the skill that once sustained her - her ability to remember what she has lost - is slowing leaving her.
	www.rusoffagency.com /fiction/madonnas/the_madonnas.htm (507 words)

	Siege & Battle of Leningrad - Hitler's Third Reich and World War Two
		Released in Germany this summer, the book “Das Belagerte Leningrad” by JÚrg Ganzenmßller challenges the Soviet view of the Siege of Leningrad that the city was not taken because of heroic resistance by citizens and the Red Army.
		It is believed that hundreds of thousands of Leningrad's population of 2.5 million have died of starvation, exposure, disease or enemy action since 1 Sept 1941.
		With the commencement of the invasion on Leningrad, the citizens united and grouped together in hope of a quick defeat of the Germans.
	hitlernews.cloudworth.com /siege-and-battle-of-leningrad.php (999 words)

	Whims of Fate [The Voice of Russia]
		Leningrad and the Leningraders were the talk of the whole country and everyone was making his best to help the besieged city.
		The commander of the Leningrad Front was painstakingly studying the enemy positions and eventually knew all he ever wanted to know about the German troop, tank and artillery deployments along the entire length of the front.
		In January 1943 the 900-day-long siege of Leningrad was finally broken and the following year saw the complete routing of the German troops outside the city.
	www.vor.ru /English/whims/whims_022.html (802 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 27 \| 1944: Leningrad siege ends after 900 days
		It is believed that hundreds of thousands of Leningrad's population of 2.5 million have died of starvation, exposure, disease or enemy action since 1 September 1941.
		He thanked the troops of the Leningrad front and the sailors of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet and praised the citizens of the city for their "heroic work and steel-like steadiness" in enduring the siege that lasted 872 days.
		Leningrad was awarded the title of Hero City for withstanding the siege.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/27/newsid_3498000/3498330.stm (582 words)

	The Siege of Leningrad
		It is only natural to try this hypothesis in <sieges in history>> (Britanica), the "900-day" siege of Leningrad in WWII, where an estimated 800,000 died of starvation and only about 17,000 died from the German shelling.
		The day the siege ended, the comet-like earth-approacher XS35 was in 17,02 Libra, perhaps "dissolving" the original siege TF35, while transiting TF35 was in 23,44 Libra --as we have seen-- crushing the German army (siege Mars at 23,42 Aries) and forcing it to retreat and abandon the city's periphery.
		We saw how the date when the siege began (i.e., when the city was completely encircled), Sept 8 1941, the transiting Sun was in exact opposition with the radical Pholus of the city of Leningrad, making it "shine".
	www.expreso.co.cr /centaurs/posts/mundane/leningrad.html (1219 words)

	Siege of Leningrad - InformationBlast
		A second front was opened after Soviet bombing June 25 of towns in Finland, leading to the Soviet-Finnish Continuation War, in which the Finns in August had reconquered the Karelian Isthmus, threathening Leningrad from the West, and advancing through Karelia east of Lake Ladoga, threathening Leningrad from the North.
		The Finns, however, did not bomb Leningrad (with the exception of an aircraft doing one attack) and did not advance further south from the occupied East Karelia.
		Due to enormous miscalculation by Joseph Stalin and the other leaders of the Soviet Union, including the killing of most of the Red Army's top leadership in the aftermath of the Great Purge, and the chaotic state of Soviet defence readiness, German progress was rapid and by September the Wehrmacht had invested Leningrad.
	www.informationblast.com /Siege_of_Leningrad.html (624 words)

	Book Passage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1941, as the Nazi siege of Leningrad raged outside, thousands of Russian men, women, and children lived in the basement chambers of the Hermitage Museum.
		The Madonnas of Leningrad, the first novel by Seattle professor Debra Dean, is the story of Marina, a young museum docent who takes refuge in the Hermitage during the 1941 siege of Leningrad.
		Drawn in part from Dean's observations of her grandmother's life with Alzheimer's, The Madonnas of Leningrad is an artful story, lovingly told, that illustrates how humans deal with trauma - the physical privations and fears of war, and the slow deterioration of the mind itself.
	www.bookpassage.com /content/details/madonnas_of_leningrad.php (732 words)

	Leningrad siege survivor recounts detention at camp - The Boston Globe
		PETERSBURG -- As the survivors of Leningrad emerged from the horrors of the 900-day Nazi blockade -- starving and shellshocked, but alive -- Vera Lyudyno found herself on another journey to a place of death and destruction, this time in a Soviet labor camp.
		They cut Leningrad off from the rest of the country and bombed the city's main food warehouse, Badayevsky -- causing the extreme hunger that together with the bombardment killed more than half the city's estimated 1.3 million people.
		During most of the siege, Lyudyno, who was born with deformed joints, was in a cast due to surgery on her legs before the war.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/01/28/leningrad_siege_survivor_recounts_detention_at_camp?mode=PF (761 words)

	State Memorial Museum of Leningrad Defense and Siege
		The history of The State Memorial Museum of Leningrad Defense and the Siege began in December 1943 when the military Council of Leningrad Front adopted the decision to organize the exhibition "Heroic Defense of Leningrad".
		The exhibition circumstantially elucidated the Leningrad battle, the activities of troops to break and remor the blockade, hard 900 days of the siege, the heroic labor of the workers of plants and factories.
		In 1988 war and labor veterans, survivors of the siege, writers, artists, journalists raised their voices for the defense of the devastated museum.
	www.russianmuseums.info /M107 (272 words)

	The Siege of Leningrad 1941-44: 900 Days of Terror Zenith Press (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In `The Siege of Leningrad' David Glantz is successful in providing a succinct and informative account of the military aspects of this battle.
		While I'd strongly recommend `The Siege of Leningrad' to readers looking for a military history of how the Soviet military defended the city and eventually lifted the siege, it's not successful as a general history and should be avoided by non-specialist readers.
		The Siege of Leningrad 1941-1944 is the incredible true story of the German Army's three-year assault on Leningrad.
	www.spanish-english.org /product.php?asin=0760309418 (742 words)

	Reserve Museum "The Break of the Siege og Leningrad"
		It bears the names of those who revealed valour in operations resulted in breaking the siege of Leningrad and were awarded the honorary title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
		The battle for Leningrad (or the Leningrad battle) covers the events that took place around the city between July 10, 1941 and August 9, 1944.
		The Soviet forces fighting for Leningrad during the 900 days of the siege were presented by the armies of the Leningradsky front (headed one after another by Army General G.Zhukov, Major-General I.Fedyuninsky, and Lieutenant-General, later Marshal L.Govorov), Baltic fleet (under command of Vice-Admiral V.Tributs) and Ladozhskaya naval flotilla (under Rear-Admiral V.Cherokov).
	www.oblmuseums.spb.ru /eng/museums/16/guide.html (1503 words)

	Leningrad versus Sevastopol
		Both the citizens of Leningrad and Sevastopol participated in the defence of their cities bravely, producing munitions and anti-tank trenches, thus aiding the local garrisons.
		Keep the siege of Sevastopol on for 300 more days and you will find that the city is in a more desperate situation, probably on the brink of surrender, than Leningrad after 1000 days.
		Therefore I conclude that the siege of Leningrad was a siege unique in history, conducted for the purpose not of forcing a city's surrender, but of wiping that city and its entire population from the face of the earth.
	www.geocities.com /weiwen_sg/sieges.htm (745 words)

	Movie Info for Siege of Leningrad on MSN Movies
		Rather than concentration on the horror and deprivations experienced by the citizens of Leningrad during their 18-month stand against the invading Nazis, the film emphasizes the collective courage and stoicism of the city's 3,000,000 inhabitants.
		To be sure, there are many scenes of the dead victims of the siege (some are horrible even by contemporary standards), but what sticks in the mind are such inspirational scenes as a group of shivering citizens calmly going about their daily tasks despite the Hell all around them.
		Siege of Leningrad was brought to America by ambassador-at-large (and former Republican presidential candidate) Wendell Wilkie.
	entertainment.msn.com /movies/movie.aspx?m=41479 (141 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Events are under way in St. Petersburg to commemorate the 60th anniversary of lifting the Siege of Leningrad in the course of the Great Patriotic War.
		The Siege, which lasted for 900 days, took the lives of some 1 million people and was finally lifted on January 27th 1944.
		A meeting was held early today at the house of a Leningrad schoolgirl Tania Savicheva, who died during the blockade and left a diary featuring horrible evidence of life in the besieged city.
	www.vor.ru /RussiaToday/SOCIETY/news_next118_eng.html (215 words)

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