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	Siege - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
		A siege tower could also be used: a substantial structure built as high, or higher than the walls, it allowed the attackers to fire down upon the defenders and also advance troops to the wall with less danger than using ladders.
		Although siege warfare had moved out from an urban setting because city walls had become ineffective against modern weapons, trench warfare was nonetheless able to utilize many of the techniques of siege warfare in its prosecution (sapping, mining, barrage and, of course, attrition) but on a much larger scale and on a greatly extended front.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege (5422 words)

	Siege - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A siege can have four possible outcomes: The defenders can repulse it without aid from the outside, in which case the position is said to have been held; if the defenders prevail with outside aid the siege is deemed to have been relieved or raised.
		When a siege results in the attackers taking control of the besieged city or fortress but the defensive forces are able to escape, the outcome is characterized as evacuated, and if the attacking force emerges victorious and also destroys and/or captures the defenders, the besieged entity is reckoned as having fallen.
		Ancient sources contain many stories of sieges, such as the siege of Jericho in the Old Testament or the Siege of Troy described by Homer in the Iliad.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Siege (4679 words)

	Campaign Awards of the Wehrmacht
		Metz itself was garrisoned as a “college town” of sorts, having both Heer and Waffen SS schools located within its environs.
		Built to withstand the heaviest of siege artillery and positioned on terrain highly unfavorable to armored forces, Metz was, nevertheless a battleground for infantry, as the events of late 1944 were to again show.
		With the defenders of Metz killed, captured or dispersed to other units and other fronts, and given that the war’s end was a mere 5 months away, it is no wonder the Metz 1944 cuffband remains such an obscure award even at the time of its institution.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /campaign_awards/cufftitles/metz.htm (8238 words)

	Siege of Metz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Siege of Metz lasting from September 3 – October 23, 1870 was a crushing defeat for the French during the Franco-Prussian War.
		The French attempted to break the siege first at Noiseville and again at Bellevue but were repulsed each time.
		Marching to Metz, the Army of Châlons was trapped and destroyed at the Battle of Sedan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Metz (249 words)

	CHAPTER XIII
		SIEGES-- The siege of fortified places has always consisted in destroying the defenses from a distance, by means of large projectile machines, and effecting a breach in the wall for the purpose of entering the place.
		Mention is made of such balls at the siege of Metz, in the latter part of the fourteenth century.
		At the siege of Sebastopol, the Russians constructed their mantlets of several thicknesses of tightly twisted rope, securely bound together, and hung like a curtain from the top of the embrasure, an aperture being left in the lower part through which the muzzle of the gun was run.
	www.usregulars.com /gibbons/gibbons_chapter_xiii.htm (10690 words)

	Franco-Prussian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Napoleon III was captured at the Battle of Sedan, followed by a prolonged siege of the French capital, Paris.
		On 28 July 1870, Napoleon III left Paris for Metz and assumed command of the newly titled Army of the Rhine, some 100,000 strong and expected to grow as the French mobilisation progressed.
		It was fought about six miles west of Metz, Lorraine, France where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closed in to complete the destruction of the French forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franco-Prussian_War (6974 words)

	ALVA - LoveToKnow Article on ALVA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He took part in the subsequent siege of Wittenberg, and presided at the court-martial which tried the elector and condemned him to death.
		In 1552 Alva was intrusted with the command of the army intended to invade France, and was engaged for several months in an unsuccessful siege of Metz.
		Their next attack was upon Alkmaar; but the spirit of desperate resistance was raised to such a height in the breasts of the Hollanders that the Spanish veterans were repulsed with great loss and Frederick constrained reluctantly to retire.
	69.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALVA.htm (1192 words)

	Germany - Metz And Its Battlefields
		Metz cathedral originally consisted of two churches, the bishopric being obliged to yield a portion of its edifice to.
		The most interesting tale current in Metz is that Joan of Arc reappeared in 1436, was positively identified by the town council, and remained during the greater part of May. Where she went then, is uncertain, owing to a number of contradictory stories.
		Metz, in its semi-reconstructed state, is a city of surprises; you are liable to run across a fragment of wall with an old city gate, right in the midst of mod-ern dwellings.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/old-countries-21.shtml (4075 words)

	CHARLES DENIS BOURBAKI - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES DENIS BOURBAKI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A curious incident of the siege of Metz is connected with Bourbakis name.
		This he used, by means of a safe-conduct from Bismarck, as credentials to Marshal Bazaine, to whom he presented himself at Metz, telling him on the empresss alleged authority that peace was about to be signed and that either Marshal Canrobert or General Bourbaki was to go to Hastings for the purpose.
		In command of the hastily-trained and ill-equipped Army of the East, Bourbaki made the attempt to raise the siege of Belfort, which, after the victory of Villersexel, ended in the repulse of the French in the three days battle of the Lisaine.
	71.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOURBAKI_CHARLES_DENIS.htm (654 words)

	Cannon - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the West, the use of cannon was first recorded in the battles of the early 14th century, for instance, at the siege of Metz in 1324, and by the English against the Scots in 1327.
		In a siege, larger cannon and mortars were used more like conventional artillery or medieval siege weapons, to knock holes in the defences.
		First used in the 16th century as a siege weapon fired from mortars, and later as a battlefield weapon.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Cannon (1526 words)

	Cannon
		The use of cannon was first recorded in the battles of the early 14th century.
		At the siege of Metz in 1324, and by the English against the Scots in 1327.
		The largest siege bombards would be strapped down to large timber baulks on earthwork platforms and aimed with either the initial platform or by hammering wedges under the front.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Cannon.html (662 words)

	Siege of Metz: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Siege of Metz lasting from September 3 – October 23 1870 was a crushing defeat for the French during the Franco-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War quick summary:
		The battle of gravelotte (august 18, 1870), was named after a village of lorraine between metz and the former french-german frontier....
		The French attempted to break the siege first at Noiseville and agiain at Bellevue but were repulsed each time.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/siege_of_metz.htm (330 words)

	Notes on the War. Engels 1870-71 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Metz was handed down to the present generation by Cormontaigne and other great engineers of the last century as a very strong fortress — strong in its defensive works.
		A siege of Metz, therefore, would be a very lengthy operation even if the town held but its normal war garrison.
		But, if Metz capitulated, more than 200,000 Germans would be set at liberty, and such an army, in the present state of the French forces in the field, would be amply sufficient to go where it liked in the open country, and to do there what it liked.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1870/10/17.htm (1003 words)

	Clasps to the KDM 1870/71
		August 16, 1870: Attempting to cutoff the French retreat from Metz, advance elements of the 2nd Army unwittingly stumble upon numerically superior French forces (the Army of the Rhine under Marshal Bazaine) to the west of Metz (120,000 French against 66,000 Germans).
		The German siege of the city began on 30 August and it capitulated on September 28, 1870.
		The TOUL clasp commemorated the siege of that fortress town from August 16 to September 23, 1870.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/KDM_1870-71.htm (1841 words)

	Destruction of Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		'The commanding officer of the 1st regiment of grenadiers of the Guard, with the help of his soldiers, lacerates the flag of his unit, after learning the capitulation of the French army besieged in Metz on the 27/10/1870.
		The capitulation of Metz during the Franco-Prussian war (1870-71) is considered as one of the greatest shames of the history of the French army.
		The Marshal Bazaine, commanding the Rhine army, decided to lock himself, with the best of the French troops, in the city of Metz rather than fighting against the Prussian army.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/xf-dest.html (349 words)

	SI - readmsg.aspx msgid=18800711
		The fortified city of Metz, in the Lorraine in northeastern France, blocked the Third Army's route to the Rhine.
		The siege had become personal, and he exhorted his friend in the Air Corps, Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, "to blow up this damn fort so that it becomes nothing but a hole." But even a severe bombing campaign couldn't dislodge the defenders behindits 15-foot-thick walls.
		But the siege of Metz remains an instructive example of a gifted commander losing sight of his army's strengths as a result of external pressures having little to do with the enemy.
	www.siliconinvestor.com /readmsg.aspx?msgid=18800711 (982 words)

	History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 3 - Chapter VII. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He was at the Siege of Metz (end of that same 1552), and a principal figure there.
		Siege protracted into midwinter; and the "sound of his cannon heard at Strasburg," which is eighty miles off, "in the winter nights." [Kohler,
		Then Siege of Metz, October to December, 1552; Bamberg, Wurzburg and Nurnberg ransomed again, April, 1553; Battle of Sievershausen, 9th July, 1553.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/prussia/HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV3/chap7.html (1561 words)

	Gunpowder Weapons of the Late Fifteenth Century
		The two systems were employed tactically in sieges and battles, and in offense and defense operations.
		Initially guns were most used in sieges, in which they did not become decisive until the late part of the Hundred Years' War.
		The image of a pot-de-fer gun, that shot an arrow-like bolt, was in a manuscript (by Walter de Milemete) presented to Edward III on his accession to the throne of England.
	www.xenophongroup.com /montjoie/gp_wpns.htm (2970 words)

	Unit History of 81st Cml Mortar Bn
		A and B Companies going on the north flank of the Metz, with the 90th Division, while C and D went to the south with the 5th Division.
		The long battle for Metz was characterized by static warfare, similar in many ways to the trench warfare of 1914-1918.
		Metz was the jumping-off place for D Company in the attack on the Saar Valley.
	www.4point2.org /hist-81-p2.htm (15845 words)

	World History Database of events in year 1552 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Successfully defends Metz from the forces of Emperor Charles V
		Charles V tries to recapture Lorraine but is repulsed at Metz
		Captures the Bishopric of Metz from the Emperor Charles V
	www.badley.info /history/1552.year.html (215 words)

	Guns
		The earliest mention of cannon is their use in the siege of Metz in 1324.
		Only slightly later is another reference in a surviving Florentine document of 1326 referring to "pilas seu palloctas ferreas et canones de mettallo", indicating a bronze cannon firing iron balls.
		The earliest success at this came in 1377 at the siege of Odruik when cannon firing 91 kg (200 pound) balls breached the walls of the castle.
	www.educ.um.edu.mt /militarymalta/html/guns.html (651 words)

	Siege Did You Mean siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Mongols were then free to lay siege without interference of the field army as it had been destroyedw/.
		1651) there were many sieges the general maxim of the field armies was "Where is the enemy?
		the short-lived siege of Minas Tirith by the armies of Mordor in The Return of the King, the prelude to the Battle of the Pellenor Fields
	www.did-you-mean.com /Siege.html (4705 words)

	Association of the United States Army: Patton at Bay: The Lorraine Campaign, 1944
		Absent the dash of the exploitation across France, the drama of relieving Bastogne, and the rapid plunge into Germany following the Rhine crossing, Lorraine was a serious of slugging matches with diminishing supplies in bad weather.
		While the Lorraine Campaign saw brilliance such as the encirclement of Nancy and the tank battle of Arracourt, central to the story, is Patton’s controversial siege of Metz.
		Patton had been drawn to Metz, surrounded by over forty fortresses, and blocking one of the major gateways into Southern Germany.
	www.ausa.org /webpub/DeptILW.nsf/byid/KCAT-6EVK4Y?OpenDocument&Print=1 (264 words)

	Siege - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ancient sources contain many stories of siege, such as the siege of Jericho in the Old Testament or the Siege of Troy described by Homer in the Iliad.
		This was very different from the siege of Nuremberg during the 30 Years' War and was demonstated to the contenental powers by regiments of the New Model Army at the Battle of the Dunes (1658) during the Anglo-Spanish War.
		This page was last modified 23:18, 9 December 2005.
	www.voyager.in /Siege (4828 words)

	Wedge Tents
		1529 A.D. (Hans Sebald Beham, The Siege of Vienna)
		1565 A.D. (Hans Wolf Glaser, The Siege of Malta by Turks)
		1630 A.D. ("Wollgastum", the Swedish siege of Wolgast)
	www.geocities.com /historyoftents/tenttypes/wedge.html (343 words)

	1552 - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V.
		Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun.
		October - December - Unsuccessful Siege of Metz by Charles V
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /1/15/1552.html (103 words)

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