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Topic: Siege of Numantia

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - List of sieges
		Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE) - the Assyrian siege of Sennacherib
		Siege of Gibraltar (1374) - sixth siege of Gibraltar, by the Nasrid in the Reconquista
		Siege of Gibraltar (1467) - ninth siege of Gibraltar, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=List_of_sieges (965 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 749 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		severe and energetic measures, he laid siege to Numantia, which was defended by its inhabitants with the same courage and perseverance which has pre-eminently distinguished the Spaniards in all ages in defence of their walled towns.
		While Scipio was employed in the reduction of Numantia, Rome was convulsed by the disturbances consequent upon the measures proposed by Tib.
		It is true that after his return from Numantia, he opposed with the utmost energy the measures of the popular party ; but previous to that time he had recognised the necessity of some concessions to the popular feeling, and had incurred the serious displeasure of his own party by supporting in B.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3083.html (955 words)

	Roman Siegecraft
		The Siege of Numantia in 134BC was even more impressive, yet a numantine soldier named Retogenes, aided by five friends and five servants, climbed the circumvallation, slew the sentries, and stole a horse to summon help.
		At the Siege of Masada there were no local forests, so a wall of loose rocks and stones was built instead, even though the defenders had little chance of descending from the plateau to attack.
		The Siege of Numantia was the first notable military endeavour by Caius Marius.
	www.unrv.com /military/roman-siegecraft.php (1924 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Jugurtha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After a long reign he was succeeded in 148 BC by his son Micipsa.
		He served at the siege of Numantia alongside Gaius Marius and learned of Rome's weakness for bribes.
		When Micipsa died in 118, he was succeeded jointly by his two sons Hiempsal and Adherbal.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Jugurtha (549 words)

	Numantia and the Celtiberian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The walled town of Numantia had some 6,000 inhabitants belonging to the Arevaci tribe, and became the chief focus of resistance when the Romans besieged it and failed miserably to take it.
		Instead, he made the siege watertight, building a circle of forts and walls around the Numantine hill, and sealing off the River Duero to prevent supplies coming in by boat (his strategy also included intimidating and perhaps bribing neighouring tribes to keep out of things).
		On the one occasion that the Numantines were able to get out and seek help from a neighbouring town, Lutia, Scipio got wind of it and forestalled any supporting action by occupying Lutia, gathering all 400 men of fighting age together and having their hands chopped off.
	spainforvisitors.com /sections/celtiberianwars.htm (1147 words)

	Etext » books
		Kaeso himself, son of the famous Cincinnátus, was impeached by the Tribune and fled from the city.
		A regular siege of Lilybaeum was decided upon, and the city was blockaded by land and sea; but the besieging party suffered as much as the besieged, its supplies were frequently cut off by the cavalry of the Carthaginians, and its ranks began to be thinned by disease.
		He was killed at the close of the siege by a Roman soldier, who would have spared his life had he not been too intent on a mathematical problem to comply with the summons to surrender.
	etext.teamnesbitt.com /books/etext/etext04/8rome10.txt.html (22678 words)

	P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Minor (185/4-129 B.C.)
		Scipio was the second son of Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, hero of the Third Macedonian War and son of the consul (of the same name) who fell at the Battle of Cannae in 216.
		While the elder brother was adopted by a grandson, or possibly a son, of Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator, the famous general of the Second Punic War, Scipio himself was adopted by Publius Scipio, the son of Scipio Africanus the Elder.
		Scipio took with him to Spain a number of volunteers and a corps of 500 friends and dependents as a kind of bodyguard (an embryonic praetorian cohort): these were perhaps all the more necessary because his first task was to rediscipline the Roman troops in Spain, who were in a shocking state.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/scipioaemilianus.html (2020 words)

	Caesar's Siege Tactics - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		There are some siege tactics described but I don't think they were detailed or all covered.
		I also remember that in one point, a large section of siege fortifications were undermanned.
		For instance the siege of Numantia by Scipio Africanus was every bit as brilliant as Alesia I think.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2349 (409 words)

	Republican Rome
		The length of the siege and the necessity of maintaining a force permanently in the field, winter and summer alike, led to the introduction of pay into the army; for hitherto the common soldier had not only equipped himself but had sewed without pay.
		Hannibal laid siege to the place in the spring of 2I9 B.C. The Roman Senate sent messengers to him forbidding him to make war upon a city that was an ally of the Roman people; but Hannibal, disregarding their remonstrances, continued the siege, and after an investment of eight months gained possession of the town.
		The war gathered about Numantia, the siege of which was brought to a close by Scipio Æmilianus, the conqueror of Carthage.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Rome1.html (15286 words)

	Gaius Lucilius
		But it is impossible to reconcile the first of these dates with other facts recorded of him, and the date given by Jerome must be due to an error, the true date being about 180 BC.
		We learn from Velleius Paterculus that he served under Scipio at the siege of Numantia in 134.
		We learn from Horace that he lived on the most intimate terms of friendship with Scipio and Laelius, and that he celebrated the exploits and virtues of the former in his satires.
	www.nndb.com /people/014/000097720 (1309 words)

	www.Numantinos.com
		Numantia harbors Segeda inhabitants, set against Rome, as Numantia’s friends and allies, with the consequent confrontation of Numantia against Rome.
		Roman General Nobilior is sent against Numantia, and is defeated by Numantines and Segedians (153 B.C.) This year means the beginning of performances of consecutive war episodes told by Apiano.
		A rock dropped from the Numantia wall hit one of the animals that, enraged, turned around with the other elephants against Romans, providing Numantines with an important victory.
	www.numantinos.com /english/representaciones_eng.htm (422 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Spanish Wars
		Numantia was difficult of access by reason of two rivers and the ravines and dense woods that surrounded it.
		At the end of winter Metellus surrendered to his successor, Quintus Pompeius Aulus, the command of the army, consisting of 30,000 foot and 2,000 horse, admirably trained.
		Aemilius becoming tired of idleness while awaiting the decision from Rome (for some men sought the command, not for the advantage of the city, but for glory, or gain, or the honor of a triumph), falsely accused the Vaccaei of supplying the Numantines with provisions during the war.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_spain_16.html (1379 words)

	Numantia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, in 137 BC, 20,000 Romans surrendered to the Celtiberians of Numantia (population between 4,000-8,000).
		The final siege of Numantia began in 134 BC.
		Scipio Aemilianus, who was consul at that time, was in command of an army of 30000 soldiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Numantia (341 words)

	Greatest Siege [Archive] - Military Photos
		By the time the siege was lifted in November 1941 most of the 9th Australian Division had been removed by sea and replaced by the British 70th Division and a Polish brigade.
		Sieges exist as long as there is an opposite force ready to surround the defender's strongold.
		Well, by siege i mean castle vs. cannon, sapping forward, establishing a breaching battery and ending by either the siegeing army marching off or storming a breach.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-39536.html (7866 words)

	Jugurtha - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The people of Numidia were semi-nomadic, indistinguishable from the other Berbers in North Africa until the reign of Masinissa, who became a Roman ally in 206 BC, with a kingdom roughly equivalent to modern northern Algeria.
		He served at the siege of Numantia alongside Marius and it was here that he learned of Rome's weakness for bribes.
		When Micipsa died in 118, the kingdom of Numidia was ruled by Micipsa's two sons Hiempsal and Adherbal.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Jugurtha (501 words)

	Numantine War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The inhabitants were called Celtiberians and their main city was Numantia.
		The retired Scipio Africanus, victor at Zama against Hannibal and the Carthaginians, was elected consul and asked to take command of the Roman army in 134 BCE.
		He blockaded Numantia which remained under seige for 15 months and forced the Celtiberians to plea for peace.
	www.romanrepublicancoins.com /Numantine_War.html (145 words)

	Eunus
		In 134, however, they sent their best general, consul Scipio Aemilianus, who restored order and laid siege to the Celtiberian capital Numantia.
		After a siege of nine months, the town was captured.
		It was a difficult siege, because Henna lies on a very high mountain.
	www.livius.org /es-ez/eunus/eunus.html (910 words)

	List of sieges - Enpsychlopedia
		Siege of Sanjo Palace (1160) - the main action of the Heiji Rebellion took place in Kyoto
		Siege of Rouen(1418) - reopening of the Hundred Years War
		Sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz (1812) - Peninsular War
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/List_of_sieges (518 words)

	Edward Lear: Caius Marius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Caius Marius distinguishes himself particularly at the siege of Numantia.
		Caius Marius is released and flies to Carthage — where he sits among the ruins for a Considerable period.
		Caius Marius returns and lays siege to Rome, where he cuts off lots of his enemies' heads.
	www.nonsenselit.org /Lear/pstories/cm/cm.html (201 words)

	Game AI stuff (1.5) - The Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They even break off sieges sometimes to chase rebs on the other side of their empire.
		If no-one else sieges Ariminum i think it just goes back (doesn't happen every time so hard to be sure) but if another stack takes over the siege then the original Damme stack goes back to trying to get to Damme from the retreated spot but stalls.
		Next step is to add more rebel garrisons so the ai loses more sieges so i can see a consistent way to fix the "retreat" stall and then go back to the other two afterwards.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=63614 (8537 words)

	cervantesbiddulph
		The other play, "Numancia" is a description of the siege of Numantia by the Romans stuffed with horrors and described as utterly devoid of the requisites of dramatic art.
		We have already noted the statements of Cervantes in the orignal preface(repeated in the English version) that he was not the father but only the stepfather of Don Quixote.
		This implication is supported by a passage dealing with the same Arabian (?) author in John Philip's version of 1687, which has many peculiar references in it.
	www.sirbacon.org /cervantesbiddulph.htm (1620 words)

	Jugurtha (c. 160-104 B.C.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jugurtha became so popular among the Numidians that Micipsa tried to eliminate his influence by sending him in 134 to assist the Roman general Scipio Africanus the Younger in the siege of Numantia (Spain).
		After Micipsa's death in 118, Jugurtha shared the rule of Numidia with Micipsa's two sons, Hiempsal and Adherbal, the first of whom Jugurtha assassinated.
		When Adherbal was attacked by Jugurtha, he fled to Rome for aid—Rome's approval being required for any change in the government of Numidia—but, by bribing Roman officials, Jugurtha's envoys obtained senatorial authorization for a division of Numidia, with Jugurtha taking the western (and richer) half and Adherbal the eastern half.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/jugurtha.html (402 words)

	www.Numantinos.com
		Since 1999, when the Garray town council opened the archeological hall about “The Roman siege of Numantia”, staged re-enactment performances about the Numantine War started, with Garray inhabitants performing as actors, reaching profound effects.
		This success justified the continuity of these performances, and the creation of the Celtiberian Cultural Association, named “Tierraquemada”, that intends to contribute to spread the knowledge and experience of the Celtiberian History, as the ideal way to share and communicate the archeological and historical Numantine assets.
		Important documentation provided by the archeological investigation taking place in Numantia is also used to double-check and rebuild history.
	www.numantinos.com /english/asociacion_eng.htm (281 words)

	Caesar: A Sketch
		He was succeeded by his son Micipsa, who in turn had two legitimate children, Hiempsal and Adherbal, and an illegitimate nephew Jugurtha, considerably older than his own boys, a young man of striking talent and promise.
		Not far from the scene of the murder of Glaucia and Saturninus there was lying at this time in his cradle, or carried about in his nurse's arms, a child who, in his manhood, was to hold an inquiry into this business, and to bring one of the perpetrators to answer for himself.
		"The mother of the Gracchi," said Mirabeau, "cast the dust of her murdered sons into the air, and out of it sprang Caius Marius." The Gracchi were perhaps not forgotten in the retribution; but the crime which had been revenged by Marius was the massacre in the Forum by Octavius and his friends.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext05/8cesr10h.htm (18933 words)

	Ancient Rome From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D By Robert F. Pennel (1890)- Chapter 23 from Nalanda Digital ...
		Marius, born at Arpínum in 157, was the son of a farmer, and was himself bred to the plough.
		He joined the army at an early age, and soon attracted notice for his punctual performance of all duties, and his strictness in discipline.
		He was present at the siege of Numantia, and his courage caused Scipio to predict for him a brilliant career.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/ancrome/chapter23.html (889 words)

	Ancient Games
		134 B.C. The impregnable Numantia has become the refuge of the resistance forces confronting Rome on the Iberian Peninsula.
		After 20 years of failures, the Senate assigns Scipio Emilianus the task of subjugating the rebel city once and for all.
		The Roman general lays siege to the city.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2006_01_01_ancientgames_archive.html (1403 words)

	Imperium News MAIUS 198 BC
		The sickness, characterized by weakness of the limbs, severe headache and high fever, is quite debilitating with a mortality rate of roughly 50%.
		After breaking the siege and enduring a battle of positioning with the Macedonians, the Dardanians met their enemy in a river valley not far from Ottolobus.
		Perhaps all is not lost for the month of May. Late this month the rebellious city of Massilia finally opened her gates to our troops after a protracted siege.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/349602 (1207 words)

	Marius and Sulla
		He served at the siege of Numantia in 133 BCE under Scipio Aemilianus, one of the most important men in Rome.
		Scipio was impressed by Marius and advanced him to many honours [6], including military tribune.
		Metellus told Marius not to “elevate his thoughts above his station” and suggested Marius waited until Metellus’ own son could stand with him [12].
	janusquirinus.org /essays/Apollo/Background/MS1.html (1124 words)

	The Roman Soldier
		The Principate: (31 B.C.E. After the wars, Augustus settled many of his troops in colonies and reorganized and increasingly professionalized the army and the navy.
		It had been customary since Scipio Aemilianus' siege of Numantia (although Carthage had surrendered Spain to Rome after the 2nd Punic War, someone forgot to tell the Spaniards and took the Romans until 133 to subdue oppostion to their rule), for Roman generals to be attended by a personal bodyguard called a praetorian cohort.
		Augustus, in 27 B.C.E., institutionalized this practice by forming the Praetorian Guard, an elite legion comprising 9 cohorts and a small cavalry (4,500 men total).
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/soldier.htm (1784 words)

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