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	Siege of Rouen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the time of the Siege of Rouen (July 1418 - January 1419), the city had a population of 70,000, making it one of the leading cities in France, and its capture crucial to the Normandy campaign during the Hundred Years' War.
		From about 1415 Rouen had been strengthened and reinforced by the French and it was the most formidably defended place that the invaders had yet faced.
		When the English reached Rouen, the walls were scattered with many towers and guns, and lined by an army of crossbow men under the command of Alain Blanchard, second in command to Guy de Bouteille, the overall commander.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Rouen (251 words)

	Rouen, Normandie, Normandy ,France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inspite of the heavy destruction during WWII (reconstruction complete), Rouen is still a most favorite tourist destination because of its magnificient gothic churches, museums and rich cultural and historical heritage.
		After the Edict of Nantes in 1685 over half of the population left Rouen, which did not regain prosperity till the renaissance of the textile industry in the 18th century.
		The clock was originally on the belfry but the people of Rouen wanted to make it more conspicuous and so in 1525 built the arch to incorporate it.
	www.centralia.ctc.edu /~vfreund/FrenchResources/Frenchslides/Normandy/Rouen/RouenA.html (254 words)

	The Hundred Years War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rouen's defences had been greatly strengthened in the two years since Agincourt and Rouen was anyway one of the largest and best garrisoned towns of France, encircled by a wall nearly 7 kilometres in length, resting on the river to the South and buttressed by no less than sixty towers.
		The city had a strong garrison and as Henry lacked sufficient troops to assault the walls the siege dragged on until 20th January 1419.
		It was during this time, in early December 1418, that the defenders attempted to reduce the demands on their ever-declining food stocks by expelling 12,000 people, the so called bouches inutiles (useless mouths) from the city.
	www.adhb30.dsl.pipex.com /100war30.htm (284 words)

	Hundred Years War Timeline 1411 - 1421
		Rouen invested for siege by King Henry V, who builds 4 fortified camps, linked by trenches, around the city, and arranging for supplies to be shipped from England.
		Rouen announces it wishes to parley with Henry V for the surrender of the city.
		Rouen formally surrenders to Henry V. Robert de Linet, Vicar-General of Rouen is put in chains for excommunicating Henry from the walls during the siege.
	www.maisonstclaire.org /timeline/1411.html (2642 words)

	thePeerage.com - Exhibit
		On the approach of Henry to Rouen he sent forward the duke to reconnoitre and summon the town to surrender (20-29 July 1418).
		The keys of Rouen were given up to Henry 19 Jan. 1419, and handed by him to his uncle, the duke, whom he made captain of the city, and who took possession of it the next day.
		Poem on the Siege of Rouen (Archæologia, vols.
	www.thepeerage.com /e275.htm (874 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She said at her trial that had not an English official been living in Rouen castle within earshot of her screams, the cell guards would have had their way with her.
		The Rouen citizenry could be expected to have sympathy for these criminals, or political prisoners, since the English were in charge.
		The Rouen people must have instantly learned of her arrival and they knew she would be put to death there.
	www.joanofarcpo.com /PAINTING2 (4669 words)

	Saladdaze
		Rouen was besieged from 1418 to 19 January 1419.
		The rather nasty Joan of Arc burnt at Rouen (she had successfully lifted the siege of Orleans Sep 1428 – May 1429).
		Siege (6 December 1760 - 15 January 1761) that resulted in the capture of the last French stronghold in southern India.
	saladdaze.atitd.net /history.htm (7073 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Therefore the siege operations, in which all that had been invented by modern genius, or rescued from the oblivion which had gathered over ancient lore during the more vulgar and commonplace practice of the mercenary commanders of the day was brought into successful application, must always engage the special attention of the military student.
		The sieges of Naarden, Harlem, Leyden, were tragedies of maddening interest, but the recovery of Zutphen, Deventer, Nymegen, Groningen, and many other places--all important though they were--was accomplished with the calmness of a consummate player, who throws down on the table the best half dozen invincible cards which it thus becomes superfluous to play.
		Leaving Biron in command of the infantry and a portion of the horse to continue the siege, he took the field himself with the greater part of the cavalry, intending to intercept and harass the enemy and to prevent his manifest purpose of throwing reinforcements and supplies into the invested city.
	public.planetmirror.com /pub/pg/etext04/jm63v10.txt (17003 words)

	Siege of Rouen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Siege of Rouen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		When the English reached Rouen, the walls were scattered with many towers and guns, and lined by an army of (A bow fixed transversely on a wooden stock grooved to direct the arrow (quarrel)) crossbow men under the command of Alain Blanchard, second in command to Guy de Bouteille, the overall commander.
		Despite several brave but futile sorties led by the French garrison, this state of affairs continued until the French surrender on the 20th of January, 1419.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/siege_of_rouen.htm (157 words)

	SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD, EARL OF - LoveToKnow Article on SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD, EARL OF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the expedition of 1417-18 he served with increasing distinction, and especially at the siege of Rouen.
		During the spring of 1419 he held an independent command, capturing Fe'camp, Honfleur and other towns, was appointed lieutenant-general of Normandy, and created earl of Perche.
		Prosecuting it with his wonted vigour he stormed Tourelles, the castle which protected the southern end of the bridge across the Loire, on the 24th of October.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SA/SALISBURY_WILLIAM_LONGSWORD_EARL_OF.htm (1317 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| dummy \| Day 210
		The siege of Rouen in 1418-19 was a classically miserable example of late medieval warfare, in which high-faluting notions of chivalry coexisted with barbaric cruelty.
		The siege lasted six months, by the end of which the townsfolk were starving.
		Now he laid siege to Rouen, taking it after six months of terrible privation to the citizens, many of whom starved.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Millennium/0,2833,312046,00.html (612 words)

	Warfare in England and France in 1173-74, according to William of Newburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Considering that the siege of Rouen would be a great undertaking, and that it would be a very profitable act to take that city, they concentrated those vast and terrible forces at that point, and increased the besieging army to an immense extent.
		But their object was defeated; for the citizens opposed this arrangement by similar skill and precaution, and also divided themselves into three bodies, and by a careful distribution met the enemy, who continued the attack in succession.
		In this necessity, the siege was abandoned, and the princes departed with their vast army, carrying away no other reward for the great labour; than ignominy.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/newburgh.htm (4403 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		A siege of Ypres captured William of Ypres, and Borsiard was left to die fixed to a tree.
		Castile's army failed in sieges of Cordoba in 1150, Jaen in 1151, Guadix in 1152, and lost Almeria in 1157.
		The siege of Rouen by the French army of Louis was not succeeding.
	www.san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (23598 words)

	§3. Malory’s "Morte d’Arthur". XIV. English Prose in the Fifteenth Century. II. Vol. 2. The End of the ...
		Based on translation, a mosaic of adaptations, it is, nevertheless, a single literary creation such as no work of Caxton’s own can claim to be, and it has exercised a far stronger and longer literary influence.
		If, as is possible, Malory was the knight of Newbold Revell, he had been a retainer of the last Beauchamp earl of Warwick, he had seen the splendours of the last efforts of feudalism and had served in that famous siege of Rouen which so deeply impressed contemporary imagination.
		Apparently, he was a loyalist during the Civil Wars and suffered from Yorkist revenge; his burial in the Grey Friars may, possibly, suggest that he even died a prisoner in Newgate.
	www.bartleby.com /212/1403.html (714 words)

	SLC History of the Sapper Engineer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term Sapper can be traced back as far as 1501 to the siege of Rouen during the French Wars.
		Sappers, throughout time, have proven their abilities to build and repair fortifications, execute field works, and reform the countryside with demolitions and heavy equipment to weaken the enemy and lead the infantry to victory on the battlefield.
		The Corps of Engineers and its companies of Sappers and Miners enjoyed their finest hour in October of 1781 at Yorktown where General Washington conducted a siege in the classical manner of Sebastien de Vauban, the great French master of siegecraft.
	www.wood.army.mil /sapper/history.htm (409 words)

	SIR FERDINANDO GORGES - LoveToKnow Article on SIR FERDINANDO GORGES
		In 1589 he was in command of a small body of troops fighting for Henry IV.
		of France, and after distinguishing himself at the siege of Rouen was knighted there in 1591.
		About 1605 he began to be greatly interested in the New World; in 1606 he became a member of the Plymouth Company, and he labored zealously for the founding of the Popham colony at the mouth of the Sagadahoc (now the Kennebec) river in 1607.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GO/GORGES_SIR_FERDINANDO.htm (302 words)

	Speed, Those Who Fought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Indeed, reappraisals of the nature of medieval warfare by such noted historians as Bernard Bachrach, Jim Bradbury, Nicholas Hooper and Matthew Bennett conclude that sieges were the mainstay of fighting in the Middle Ages, while large-scale battles involving mounted knights were exceedingly rare.
		For all of the extended accounts that Speed supplies in Chapter 13 ("Sieges"), the reader emerges more confused than clued in on what exactly it was that knights did during sieges, or on the apparent incommensurability between fighting on horseback and attacking fortifications.
		John Page's The Siege of Rouen (documents 145, 146) gets no full citation anywhere that I could find, which could stymie efforts of the interested reader seeking to know more about this source.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/Speed_fought.htm (1368 words)

	A Parallel History of France and England Consisting of Outlines and Dates.
		In 1433, the Duke of Bedford died at Rouen from anxiety and toil.
		He laid siege to the place in 1477, but there were traitors in his camp, and he was surprised in a night attack, and found lying slain by many wounds among the fugitives.
		Rouen was taken and plundered, and Condé advanced on Paris, but was encountered at Dreux by Guise and made prisoner.
	digital.library.upenn.edu /women/yonge/history/history.html (18587 words)

	[No title]
		He recommenced the campaign by the siege of Dreux, one of the towns which it was most important for him to possess in order to put pressure on Paris, and cause her to feel, even at a distance, the perils and evils of war.
		To the two instances just cited of royalist reconciliation--Lyons and the spontaneous example set by her population, and Rouen and the dearly purchased capitulation of her governor Villars--must be added a third, of a different sort.
		The submission of Rouen followed almost immediately upon that of Paris; and the year 1594 brought Henry a series of successes, military and civil, which changed very much to his advantage the position of the kingship as well as the general condition of the kingdom.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/1/9/5/11955/11955.txt (13721 words)

	Henry Danvers - Biography
		After his master’s death he served as a volunteer under Maurice, count of Nassau, afterwards Prince of Orange, who appointed him at the age of eighteen to the command of a company of infantry.
		Danvers took part in the siege of Rouen in 1591, and was there knighted for his services in the field by Robert Devereux, second earl of Essex, the ‘lord-general’ of the exhibition.
		Sir Thomas Coningsby’s Journal of the Siege of Rouen (Camden Miscellany, i 30, 71, 74)
	www.geocities.com /garydanvers/EoD-DNB.html (1052 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Roger of Hoveden: The Revolt of 1173-74, from The Chronicle
		In the meantime, Louis, king of the Franks, and the king of England, the son, laid siege to Verneuil; but Hugh de Lacy and Hugh de Beauchamp, who were the constables thereof, defended the town of Verneuil boldly and with resolute spirit.
		After this, the said Robert, earl of Leicester, laid siege to Hakeneck, the castle of Ranulph de Broc, and took it; for, at this period, Richard de Lucy, justiciary of England, and Humphrey de Bohun, the king’s constable, had marched with a large army into Lothian, the territory of the king of Scotland.
		In the meanwhile, William, king of the Scots, laid siege to Carlisle, of which Robert de Vals had the safe keeping; and leaving a portion of his army to continue the siege, with the remainder of it he passed through Northumberland, ravaging the lands of the king and his barons.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1173hoveden.html (3763 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		From July 24 till September 8 the siege and the defence were conducted with an equal display of spirit on both sides.
		The siege was not conducted with much energy, and it was not till August that the place surrendered on terms which in this instance were duly kept.
		Thus the scene of war was again that in which the earliest operations had been conducted nearly a generation before; and the siege of Rouen by a royal army was to be one of the last, as it had been one of the first events in the long series of campaigns.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh301.html (22419 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: William of Newburgh: Book Two
		Chapter 30: Of the siege of Leicester, the war of the king of the Scots, and the capture of the earl of Leicester
		Chapter 36: Of the siege of Rouen, and the insidious attack of the assailants
		Immediately after its erection, the emperor, having laid siege to the place, was unable to subdue it; and, retreating with his army, harassed to no purpose, he augmented the confidence of the enemy against him.
	www.fordham.edu /HALSALL/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.html (11967 words)

	1418 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy
		September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen
		Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1418 (168 words)

	Wars of Religion
		The Protestants were well dug-in in their garrisons, and the siege efforts to recapture the towns were long and costly.
		With the Huguenot heartland in the south virtually untouched and the royal treasury hemorrhaging, the crown's position was weak and Catherine bent her efforts towards a settlement.
		The siege was called off in May, as Catherine began to prepare for the election of the Duc d'Anjou to the throne of Poland.
	www.lepg.org /wars.htm (3850 words)

	Nogent-le-Rotrou (Municipality, Eure-et-Loir, France) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He seized the city of Tudela and was made lord of it, and took part to the seizure of Pampelona, Toledo and Zaragoza.
		He came back to France and died during the siege of Rouen in 1144.
		Count Rotrou IV took part to the Crusades and was killed during the siege of Akkro in 1191.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/fr-28-nr.html (823 words)

	EPILOGUE
		The end of the controversed character during the Siege of Rouen (November 19th, 1562).
		The Siege of Rouen and the brutal end of the character.
		Rouen and LaRochelle, Protestant dominated cities, see Brittain interpose itself to counter the growth of calvinism.
	www.angelfire.com /biz/Nosty/quatrains16.html (4845 words)

	Michel de Montaigne
		In 1558 he was present at the siege of Thionville, in 1559 and 1561 at Paris, and in 1562 at the siege of Rouen.
		He was also much about the court, and he admits very frankly that in his youth he led a life of pleasure, if not exactly of excess.
		In Paris itself he was for a short time committed to the Bastille by the Leaguers, as a kind of hostage, it is said, for a member of their party who had been arrested at Rouen by Henry of Navarre.
	www.nndb.com /people/906/000096618 (3610 words)

	Michel de Castelnau
		In the midst of the excited passions of his countrymen, Castelnau, who was a sincere Catholic, maintained a wise self-control and moderation, and by his counsels rendered valuable service to the government.
		He served at the siege of Rouen, distinguished himself at the battle of Dreux, took Tancarville, and contributed in 1563 to the recapture of Havre from the English.
		During the next ten years Castelnau was employed in various important missions: first to Queen Elizabeth, to negotiate a peace; next to the Duke of Alba, the new governor of the Netherlands.
	www.nndb.com /people/346/000095061 (934 words)

	HISTORICAL INFORMATION: The Renaissance
		Joan of Arc defeats the English at Patay, but is unsuccessful in her siege of Paris.
		She is tried by an ecclesiastical court, then burned at the stake in Rouen (1431).
		The first siege of Paris (1590) is a failure, as is the siege of Rouen (1591-2), but Henry IV then renounces Protestantism and finally enters Paris in 1594.
	theminiaturespage.com /ref/history/reninfo.html (2784 words)

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