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Topic: Siege of Sarajevo

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	Siege of Sarajevo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The siege of Sarajevo was the longest siege in the history of modern warfare.
		To counterbalance the siege, the Sarajevo Airport was opened to United Nations (UN) airlifts in late June of 1992.
		Sarajevo's metro-area population in 2002 was around 401,000, which was 20,000 less than the population of the city itself in 1991.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo (3022 words)

	Siege of Sarajevo: 1992-1996
		Sarajevo, which gets its name from the word "serai", which is Turkish for "palace", was founded in the 15th century and later became a military, administrative, and commercial center of Turkey.
		Sarajevo has served as a setting for a great number of important historical events, events that have often been tumultuous and engrossed in conflict.
		Residents came very close to complete starvation, and their only chance for survival weighed in the balance on the success of UN airlifts from the Sarajevo airport that was opened in late June of 1992.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/SarajevoSiege.CP.html (624 words)

	"The Siege of Sarajevo"
		To mark the anniversary of the beginning of the Sarajevo siege, TV B92 (http://www.b92.net) began broadcasting, starting from April 6, from 9.30 to 10.30 p.m.
		After the Dayton peace accord and the arrival of IFOR troops on February 26, 1996, the siege of Sarajevo was lifted on March 19, 1996, when the aggressor withdrew from the remaining occupied part of the city — the suburb of Grbavica.
		The broadcasting of this important series is a part of a wider programming concept being realised by B92 which relates to the disclosure of facts on the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the crimes committed.
	www.b92.net /doc/siege-sarajevo.php (486 words)

	Annex VI : Study of the battle and siege of Sarajevo (part 1/10)
		The purpose of the chronology is to describe the events and consequences of the battle and siege of Sarajevo and to evaluate apparent patterns of violations of humanitarian law.
		Given the magnitude of the shelling over the course of the siege, the logistics required to re-arm the besieging forces, and the continuous attacks on civilian targets, the commanders of the Sarajevo Romanija Corps should be held accountable for the extensive destruction to private and public property, and for the resulting loss of civilian lives.
		Sarajevo TV reported that mortar rounds were fired at the station and that fighting was underway around the main television transmission tower.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/VI-01.htm (14342 words)

	Medicine & Global Survival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Its fourfold mandate was to provide direct emergency medical service to the population of Sarajevo, estimated at 521,000 in 1991[5]; to train medical personnel in emergency medicine; to provide special rescue units throughout the country; and to conduct scientific investigations in the field of emergency medicine.
		Terror was created among the Sarajevo population by targeting civilians and vital city institutions such as hospitals, ambulances, and apartment buildings [7].
		Sarajevo’s health care infrastructure was saved from total collapse by new, often “invisible” structures that emerged in time of crisis.
	www.ippnw.org /MGS/V6N1Jaganjac.html (6579 words)

	Sarajevo Cemetery in Need of Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The restoration of the Jewish cemetery of Sarajevo, Bosnia, which was heavily damaged and subsequently mined during the long siege of Sarajevo, is the goal of an international effort now underway.
		During the siege of Sarajevo, the Jewish cemetery was in the front line of fighting and was used as an important artillery position by Bosnia Serbs.
		Spanish-speaking Jews settled in Sarajevo in the 16th century and the ruling pasha built a Jewish quarter for them by the end of the century, including a synagogue, a great courtyard and housing for the poor.
	www.isjm.org /Links/Sarajevo.htm (935 words)

	Annex VI : Study of the battle and siege of Sarajevo (part 3/10)
		Sarajevo Television said that the toll from the day's fighting was at least eight dead and a large but undetermined number of injured.
		Dobrinja; Stup; Hrasno; Vogosca; the Lion Cemetery in Sarajevo.
		Sarajevo radio said that at least six people were killed and 37 others injured during the day from Serbian shelling and sniper fire in the city.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/ANX/VI-03.htm (14729 words)

	Balkans Pages: Sarajevo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Now, the ruins of Sarajevo will be a united capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, though still divided in nine zones (map) and surrounded by minefields.
		Sarajevo's fate might have been far worse if not for heroes who defeneded it - like Sasha Petrovic.
		While the rest of Sarajevo's youth welcomed the agreement, youth in Serb held parts of Sarajevo tore American flag.
	balkansnet.org /sarajevo.html (271 words)

	Outreach Programme - Articles published by magazine Balkan - Siege of Sarajevo endangered civilians, 8 January 2004
		Additionally, on 22 May 1992, the warring sides around Sarajevo signed an agreement in which they accepted the prohibitions contained in the Additional Protocol I. General Galić was thus also treaty-bound to respect the law on the conduct of hostilities.
		For anyone to be convicted of the crime of terror, the Prosecution must prove that the attacks on civilians for which the accused has been shown to be responsible were carried out with the primary purpose of spreading terror among the civilian population.
		During the siege, the civilian population of Sarajevo - men and women of all ages, including children - were killed in their hundreds and wounded in their thousands, on an almost daily basis, over many months, with the intent to terrorize the entirety of the population.
	www.un.org /icty/bhs/outreach/articles/eng/article-040108e.htm (769 words)

	CNN.com - Sarajevo siege general trial begins - December 3, 2001
		The defendant has pleaded not guilty to seven counts of war crimes he says he never knew took place during the 1992-95 Bosnian war, a period when prosecutors say thousands of civilians were killed as they went about their everyday lives.
		For nearly two years of the siege, Galic was the commander of the Romanija Corps surrounding Sarajevo.
		Inner-city shelling and sniper attacks happened daily in Sarajevo as the forces of the Yugoslav army under former President Milosevic rained fire from positions in the mountains surrounding the once vibrant and multi-ethnic city of 500,000.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/12/03/galic.trial (557 words)

	[12-26-97] Terence Sheridan, Seeing the Siege of Sarajevo Through Two Lenses
		Movie-goers who see "Welcome to Sarajevo" -- the first English-language film about the three-year siege of the Bosnian capital -- will learn more about what it was like to be an American correspondent there than to be a citizen survivor.
		Without it she might have gone bonkers during the three-year siege of this city, her city.
		It purports to be the more or less true story of a British television correspondent who rescued a nine year old girl from a Sarajevo orphanage and later adopted her.
	www.pacificnews.org /jinn/stories/3.26/971226-sarajevo.html (883 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Sarajevo siege general on trial
		The first Bosnian Serb officer accused over the bloody siege of Sarajevo has gone on trial in The Hague charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes.
		"The siege of Sarajevo was an episode of such notoriety that one must go back to World War II to find a parallel in European history," lawyer Mark Ierace said, opening the case for the prosecution.
		The siege also stands on the charge sheet of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, who is awaiting trial at the tribunal.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1688877.stm (353 words)

	War Cake
		For most people living under the siege, the concerns were the same: shelter, food, water, electricity, and the return of peace.
		During the siege, their determination to survive by maintaining the routine of their daily lives became their shield against the enemy.
		My intention in writing this book is to document the crime of the siege of Sarajevo and to testify that ordinary people there, through the routine of their daily lives, rose above horrendous circumstances not only to survive, but to also retain their dignity and humanity.
	www.warcake.com (812 words)

	Untitled Document
		The siege has by and large been memorialized in an ethical frame of reference, as an archetype for the harsh essence of contemporary “new wars,” with civilian populations the primary targets.
		It analyzes the strategic logic of the decision to place the Bosnian capital under siege, the way in which the siege is conducted, the impact upon effected populations, and the role of the international community as a “third force” in the beleaguered city.
		Besiegement is as old as warfare, and the siege of Sarajevo bears certain commonalities with other examples of urban sieges in modern armed conflict.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usamhi/February06perspectivedetails.htm (390 words)

	State of Siege - Juan Goytisolo
		State of Siege is Goytisolo's Sarajevo-novel, written in 1995 -- a good companion piece to the essay-collection, Landscapes of War (see our review).
		Goytisolo dwells not so much on the simple horror of war as on the numbing absurdity of this type of modern warfare, a complete crushing of humanity which the outside world too willingly permits.
		The second section of the book begins with the burning of the Sarajevo library, and the irreparable loss that came with it -- "our collective past and memory (...) reduced to ashes".
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/goytisj/sofsiege.htm (760 words)

	2004 October Sarajevo Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Located outside Sarajevo, the Tunnel Museum marks the location of a hand dug tunnel that went under the Sarajevo airport and served as one of the main supply lines during the siege of Sarajevo.
		A view of Sarajevo from one of the mountains surrounding the city.
		During the siege of Sarajevo, this high ground was used to fire upon the city.
	www.cityofdayton.org /sistercity/2004_october_sarajevo_trip.htm (86 words)

	Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, History
		Beginnings of Clinical Center were in first inpatients health service in Sarajevo, founded in 1866 by Ottoman Empire Governor Topal Osman Pasha founded by the Gazi Husref-bays Vakuf.
		During the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina and the siege of Sarajevo, years 1992-1996, Clinical Center was shelled daily, regardless of hospital markings and knowledge that it was health institution.
		During the aggression staff and patients were transferred from destroyed departments into the operational ones and continued they activities but in a reduced and rationalized capacities.
	www.kcus.net /ehistorija.htm (287 words)

	CNN - Remembering the siege of Sarajevo - July 1, 1996
		The sniping and shelling, which was aimed at terrorizing civilians, hit non-military targets such as neighborhoods and outdoor markets, the witnesses told the tribunal hearing the war crimes case against the Bosnian Serb leadership.
		Kupusovic, the former mayor, described rampant fear and gnawing hunger during the deadly siege, with basic services such as water and electricity often disrupted.
		Rebel Serbs firing from high-rise apartments in Sarajevo's Grbavica district daily targeted the city's main thoroughfare, which became known as "Sniper Alley." Artillery shells slammed into the city from Bosnian Serb heavy guns in the surrounding hills.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/Bosnia/updates/9607/01/war.crimes (553 words)

	U.S., Allies Preparing Plan To End Siege of Sarajevo
		The Clinton administration and its European allies are moving toward a decision to lift the siege of Sarajevo by demanding the removal of all artillery from the city and surrounding territory and enforcing the demand with military power, senior U.S. and European officials said Monday.
		"The idea is to end the siege and the main instrument of the siege has been the heavy weaponry," he said.
		The immediate spur for the accelerated discussion of allied military action was Saturday's artillery attack against an outdoor market in Sarajevo that killed 68 civilians and injured 200.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V114/N4/sarajevo.04w.html (756 words)

	Welcome to Sarajevo Movie Review by Anthony Leong
		When you walk down the street in Sarajevo and look at the people that pass you by, it is often difficult for the outside observer to comprehend who the ethnic groups are and the reasons for the conflict between them.
		A peaceful protest by thousands of unarmed citizens was met by gunfire that originated from the top floor of the Sarajevo Holiday Inn, and it was this incident that marked the beginning of the four-year Siege of Sarajevo.
		It chronicles the depravity of life in the besieged city during the first two years of the Siege, told from the point of view of British reporter Michael Henderson (Stephen Dillane), an apt metaphor for the inaction of the West during the Balkan War.
	members.aol.com /aleong1631/welcome.html (1669 words)

	Schork’s best piece from siege of Sarajevo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SARAJEVO, May 23, 1993 - Two lovers lie dead on the banks of Sarajevo’s Miljacka river, locked in a final embrace.
		Government and Serb authorities have discussed the matter, but so far are refusing a cease-fire around Vrbana bridge to permit recovery of the couple.
		With his father dead, no one would have blamed Bosko had he left Sarajevo when his mother and brother fled before war broke out last year.
	www.ksmemorial.com /romeo.htm (655 words)

	UCLA CEES: The Siege of Sarajevo and the American Civil War
		Students will use their prior knowledge of the American Civil War to compare/contrast this event with the siege of Sarajevo.
		The rest of the class will be the audience and will ask each of the members of the panel their questions.
		In their letter, they need to give at least one example from the American Civil War to explain their advice as well as to refer to at least two things they have learned about the situation in Bosnia.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /euro/article.asp?parentid=23601 (953 words)

	State of Siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Set during the siege of Sarajevo, these fictionalized reflections bear witness to the universal cry for freedom.
		A mortar explodes in his room and, when the police arrive, the corpse has disapeared and only a notebook of apocryphal writings and poems is found.
		An attempt "to oppose the truth of fiction to the lies of propaganda," the slippery, labyrinthine plot—about the mysterious disappearance of a foreigner's body in a Sarajevo-like city under siege—holds dream narratives, fragments of homoerotic, mystical poetry, and fantasies of a Parisian neighborhood's collapse.
	www.citylights.com /pub/catalog/BCstate_siege.html (570 words)

	Annex VI : Study of the battle and siege of Sarajevo (part 1/10)
		It is a long and narrow city (occupying 2,049 sqare kilometers) surrounded by hills and mountains.
		In 1878 Sarajevo was assigned to Austria by the Treaty of Berlin.
		Furthermore, there have been attacks upon civilian property which are not justified by military necessity and are equally prohibited.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/ANX/VI-01.htm (14342 words)

	Siege of Sarajevo - Video - MSN Encarta
		Siege of Sarajevo - Video - MSN Encarta
		This media item will not play in the Internet software you are currently using.
		Yugoslav Succession, Wars of; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Sarajevo
	encarta.msn.com /media_461549658_761563626_-1_1/Siege_of_Sarajevo.html (30 words)

	NPR : 'Pretty Birds': A Sarajevo Story
		Morning Edition, May 3, 2005 ·; Scott Simon, host of NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday, talks about his debut novel, Pretty Birds.
		For Simon's first work of fiction, he drew on his experiences reporting on the war in Sarajevo in 1993.
		The story centers on a young Muslim woman who becomes a sniper during the height of the siege of Sarajevo in the early 1990s.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4628447 (177 words)

	"The Siege of Sarajevo"
		I’d have thrown something at the television but my wife wouldn’t let me
		“Gentlemen, I’m calling from cold, dark Sweden where I was forced to seek refuge in 1994. Before that I’d spent my life in Sarajevo. As someone well-informed on the state of affairs in that area I’d like to comment on your documentary films.
		“The siege of Sarajevo? Who besieged Sarajevo? The Serbs who had been living in the surrounding villages for centuries, “besieging” Sarajevo by force of geography? Serbs who were attacking themselves?
	www.b92.net /doc/sarajevo/reaction.php (311 words)

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