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Topic: Siege of Sevastopol (1854)

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	List of sieges
		Siege of Gibraltar (1349—1350) - fifth siege of Gibraltar, by Alfonso XI in the Reconquista
		Siege of Gibraltar (1374) - sixth siege of Gibraltar, by the Nasrid in the Reconquista
		Siege of Gibraltar (1467) - ninth siege of Gibraltar, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_List_of_sieges.html (891 words)

	Siege - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
		A siege tower could also be used: a substantial structure built as high, or higher than the walls, it allowed the attackers to fire down upon the defenders and also advance troops to the wall with less danger than using ladders.
		Although siege warfare had moved out from an urban setting because city walls had become ineffective against modern weapons, trench warfare was nonetheless able to utilize many of the techniques of siege warfare in its prosecution (sapping, mining, barrage and, of course, attrition) but on a much larger scale and on a greatly extended front.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Siege (5956 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)
		The Siege of Sevastopol (sometimes rendered "Sebastopol") was a major siege during the Crimean War, lasting from September 1854 until September 1855.
		In September 1854, Allied troops (United Kingdom, French and Sardinian) landed in the Crimea and besieged the city of Sevastopol, home of the Tsar's Black Sea fleet which threatened the Mediterranean.
		Siege works were begun to bring the Allied troops nearer to the Malakoff; in response, Totleben dug rifle pits from where the Russians could snipe at the besiegers.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854) (742 words)

	The Ultimate Siege - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Sieges usually involve surrounding the target and blocking the provision of supplies, typically coupled with artillery bombardment, sapping and mining to reduce fortifications.
		When a siege results in the attackers taking control of the besieged city or fortress but the defensive forces are able to escape, the outcome is characterized as evacuated, and if the attacking force emerges victorious and also destroys and/or captures the defenders, the besieged entity is reckoned as having fallen.
		The Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War and those of Petersburg (1864–1865) during the American Civil War showed that modern citidals could still resist an enemy for many months.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Siege (4580 words)

	WWW.SEVASTOPOL.ORG : Sevastopol history : Crimean war 1853-1854 (1st Sevastopol defence)
		Sevastopol bays in most the beginning of a defense have appeared inaccessible to an enemy: the seamen have decided to flood a part of the courts to complicate break unfriendly fleet on internal road.
		October 5, 1854 they have undertaken the first bombardment of city: 126 unfriendly instruments by time have brought down on defensive line fiery squall.
		The rule of the defence counsels of Sevastopol remained heavier: they had on arms basically heavy smooth-bore gun shooting only on 300 steps, and the soldiers of the opponent were are armed rifled with guns shooting on 1200 of steps.
	www.sevastopol.org /hist3e.htm (1019 words)

	Sevastopol - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sevastopol stands near the site of the ancient Greek colony of Chersonesus or Cherson, founded in 421 BC A democratic city-state, Chersonesus was the most important Greek colony in the Crimea until Scythian invasions forced it to become (179 BC-63 BC) a protectorate of King Mithradates VI.
		Sevastopol was founded as a city and port by Catherine II on the site of the Tatar village of Akhtiar after the Russian annexation (1783) of the Crimea.
		Sevastopol declined as a military fortress after the Crimean Peace Conference (1856), and its fortifications were razed.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sevastop.html (789 words)

	siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A siege is a military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
		Sieges in present day are more commonly either smaller hostage, militant, or extreme resisting-arrest situations such as the Waco Siege.
		This was very different from the siege of Nuremberg during the 30 Years' War and was demonstrated to the continental powers by regiments of the New Model Army at the Battle of the Dunes during the Anglo-Spanish War.
	www.toptraveladvisors.com /wiki/?title=Siege (5463 words)

	The Siege of Sevastopol - Crimean War
		The central theme running through the Crimean War was the appalling siege of Sevastopol, a foretaste of the trench fighting of the American Civil War, ten years later, and finally the First World War.
		Sevastopol harbour is joined to the Black Sea by a four mile creek, its mouth guarded by two forts, Constantine on the north side and Alexander on the south.
		From the beginning of the siege and particularly after Prince Menshikoff had left the city with his field army, the defence of Sevastopol was led and inspired by Admiral Kornilov, until his death, and Lieutenant Colonel Todleben, Menshikoff’s chief engineer.
	www.britishbattles.com /crimean-war/sevastopol.htm (3926 words)

	Informat.io on Crimean War
		The Crimean War lasted from 1854 until 1 April 1856 and was fought between Imperial Russia on one side and an alliance of the United Kingdom, France, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire on the other.
		During the siege the Russians lost four 110- or 120-gun 3-decker ships of the line, twelve 84-gun 2-deckers and four 60-gun frigates in the Black Sea, plus a large number of smaller vessels.
		Cholera undercut French preparations for the siege of Sevastopol, and a violent storm on the night of 14 November 1854 wrecked nearly thirty vessels with their precious cargoes of medical supplies, food, clothing, and other necessities.
	www.informat.io /?title=crimean-war (3898 words)

	Battle of Sevastopol - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Battle of Sevastopol was fought from October 30, 1941 to July 4, 1942 between German forces and the USSR over the main Soviet naval base on the Black Sea during World War II.
		The German 11th Army was besieging Sevastopol; commanded by Erich von Manstein, it consisted of seven German infantry divisions in two corps, and one Romanian rifle corps, plus various supporting elements including 150 tanks, several hundred aircraft, and one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fielded by the Wehrmacht.
		The defence of Sevastopol was provided mainly by the Black Sea Fleet and the Maritime Army.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Battle_of_Sevastopol (752 words)

	Crimean War Biography,info
		Admiral Nakhimov was mortally wounded in the head by a sniper shot, and died on 30 June 1855.
		The third siege attempt was made August 19-31, 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations.
		Chapel in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, commemorating the Siege of Petropavlovsk in 1854.
	www.parsnava.com /biography/sdmc_Crimean_War (3572 words)

	Siege of Sevastopol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There have been two Sieges of Sevastopol, a Russian city on the Crimean peninsula:
		Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855) - during the Crimean War
		Siege of Sevastopol (1941-1942) - during the Second World War
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol (104 words)

	Sevastopol - Crimea
		During the siege a line of ships was sunk across the harbor mouth and a large chain was stretched across, behind the ships.
		In the summer of 1904 the completed painting was taken to Sevastopol and, for the 50th anniversary of the battle, 14 May 1905 it was opened to the public.
		Sevastopol was liberated by nightfall on 9 May and by 12 May the last German resistance around Chersonesse was eliminated.
	www.xenophon-mil.org /crimea/war/sevastopol/sevast.htm (2919 words)

	History of Crimean Peninsula - Ïîõîä Êðûì
		"Panorama" is a museum of the heroic siege of Sevastopol in 1854-55.
		The large harbor of Sevastopol made it the most important naval base on the Black Sea.
		The 11 month siege of the city in 1854 and 1855 marked the chief battle of the Crimean War.
	www.outdoorukraine.com /content/view/71/35/lang,ru (1371 words)

	Crimean War
		The battles of the River Alma, Balaclava (including the charge of the Light Brigade), and Inkerman in 1854 led to a siege which, owing to military mismanagement, lasted for a year until September 1855.
		Russia invaded the Balkans (from which they were compelled to withdraw by Austrian intervention) and sank the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Sinope on 30 November.
		1854 Britain and France declared war on Russia, invaded the Crimea, and laid siege to Sevastopol (September 1854–September 1855).
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0000724.html (343 words)

	Sevastopol Ukraine overview, economy, history. - UkraineTrek.com
		Sevastopol is a city and seaport and a railway station of Crimea, southern Ukraine, in the southwestern Crimean Peninsula on the southern shore of the long, narrow Akhtiarskaya Bay, which forms a magnificent natural harbor.
		The territory, where the central part of Sevastopol is located, is mountainous with large number of deep sea, well protected bays, that have favorable navigable waterways and transport landfalls.
		Among many memorials of Sevastopol stormy history are several monuments devoted to the many defenses of Sevastopol and a vast panorama 377 ft (115 m) long of the Crimean War siege.
	ukrainetrek.com /Sevastopol_city.shtml (613 words)

	The Siege of Sevastopol, October 1854–September 1855: from the General chart collection : Previous items of the month ...
		The strong and heavily fortified Black Sea port of Sevastopol, on the south-west coast of the Crimea, was the main naval base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
		Sevastopol endured an 11-month siege before finally capitulating to the enemy in September 1855.
		It was drawn in October 1854 by Captain Biddulph of the Royal Artillery and published in London the same year by Edward Stanford.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /server.php?show=ConWebDoc.20045 (611 words)

	Prints & Photographs Online Catalog - Fenton Crimean War Photographs - About - Background and Scope
		As the landscape of war shifted from engagements on open battlefields to the entrenchment of the siege of Sevastopol (Oct. 1854-Sept. 1855), war correspondent William Howard Russell began a relentless attack on the official conduct of the war.
		In March of 1854 an amateur photographer, Gilbert Elliott, photographed views of the fortresses guarding Wingo Sound in the Baltic Sea from aboard the Hecla, the same ship that was to carry Fenton to the Crimea eleven months later.
		Fenton was, therefore, not present for the fall of Sevastopol (Sept. 9th) nor its subsequent destruction, which was recorded photographically by James Robertson.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /pp/ftncnwhtml/ftncnwback.html (2282 words)

	Roger Fenton Crimean War Photographs (Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Sixteen lithographs including, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death," "Highland Brigade Camp," "Siege of Sevastopol," and "One of the Wards at Hospital at Scutari." W. Simpson, del. London: Paul and Dominic Colnaghi and Co., 1854-1856.
		A comprehensive account including the diplomacy that led to war, the Baltic campaign, the battles in the Crimea, and the final peace negotiations, as well as some analysis of the long term implications for the end of the 19th century and into the 20th.
		Contains Tolstoy's "sketches" of the siege of Sevastopol and related tales of his experiences as a Russian soldier.
	www.loc.gov /rr/print/coll/251_fen.html (4984 words)

	«APOLOGIES PAST HALF A CENTURY» - BORIS GELMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He had previously visited Sevastopol, consulted local specialists who were restoring a monument on Katkart mount to British soldiers perished during the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-1855.
		He was sure he knew every single monument and obelisk of the first Sevastopol defense.
		I had to tell to our guest about special rules of attending the territory of Sevastopol sea plant where a "secret" monument is located.
	www.jewukr.org /observer/eo2003/page_show_en.php?id=260 (879 words)

	Crimean War: crimean in leader war, map of the crimean war, crimean death glory legacy war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The war is generally seen as the first modern conflict and "introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare."
		The immediate root causes of the Crimean War can be traced back to the 1851 coup d'état in France which brought Louis Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, to power as dictator.
		Questions for article: crimean war leader, crimean war, crimean war map, napier commanders in the silver war, siege of the sebastopol map, the significance of crimean war norman rich, حرب القرم 1787-1792, crimean war leader
	advantacell.com /wiki/Crimean_War (4121 words)

	Cities of Ukraine : Kiev, Lviv, Odessa, Donetsk, Kharkov, Sevastopol, Yalta, Crimea
		Among other sights of the city we should name the Panorama museum, devoted to the first siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855) during the Crimean War (1853-1856).
		The panorama building is situated on one of the Sevastopol highs where nowadays military fortifications of the Crimean War period are being exposed (artillery yards with old Russian cannons).
		Also you will be able to explore the Central hill of Sevastopol with 2 monuments, St. Vladimir’s Cathedral that has been built as the burial place of renowned Russian admirals, perished during the Crimean War.
	ukraine.bytsko.com /en/city/c1130.html (377 words)

	Amazon.com: Inkerman 1854: The Soldiers' Battle (Campaign): Books: Patrick Mercer,Graham Turner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Balaclava 1854: The Charge of the Light Brigade (Campaign) by John Sweetman
		On 5 November 1854 the Russians marched out of the besieged city of Sevastopol to throw off the allied British and French forces by mounting a joint attack with their troops from outside the city.
		Despite outnumbering their enemies five to one the Russians failed to achieve victory in what looked to be almost a foregone conclusion.
	www.amazon.com /Inkerman-1854-Soldiers-Battle-Campaign/dp/1855326183 (821 words)

	siege. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Some notable sieges of history include those of Syracuse (415–413
		A.D. 70), Acre (1189–90), Constantinople (1453), Quebec (1759–60), Sevastopol (1854–55, 1941–42), Vicksburg (1863), Port Arthur (1904), Malta (1940–43), Leningrad (1941–43), Dienbienphu (1954) and Khe Sanh (1968).
		1966); V. Melegari, The Great Military Sieges (1972); I. Hogg, Fortress (1975); C. Duffy, Siege Warfare (2 vol., 1979–85).
	www.bartleby.com /65/si/siege.html (362 words)

	TIME.com: Four Flags Together -- Jun. 15, 1942 -- Page 2
		On Brandon Hill, in Bristol, two huge cannon, which for 87 years had pointed their empty mouths over the town, were being dismounted.
		They were Russian cannon, which Bristol lads had captured in the Crimean War, at the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-55, and had brought home as trophies.
		But now Bristol lads were fighting on Russia's side, and the cannon, heavy with good iron, could be melted down to be made into modern weapons.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,795825-2,00.html (423 words)

	Penguin Books Australia - Publishing with Penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Cossacks and Other Stories: Stories of Sevastopol; The Cossacks; Hadji Murat
		In 1851, at the age of twenty-two, Tolstoy joined the Russian army and travelled to the Caucasus as a soldier.
		Sevastopol Sketches, based on Tolstoy's own experiences of the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-55, is a compelling consideration of the nature of war, while Hadji Murat, written towards the end of his life, returns to the Caucasus of Tolstoy's youth to explore the life of a great leader torn apart by a conflict of loyalties.
	www.penguin.com.au /new/new-title-details.cfm?SBN=0140449590 (183 words)

	Old maps - Wikimedia Commons
		Historical map of the campaign by Waterloo (18.06.1815)
		Historical map of the siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855)
		Historical map of the campaign by Solferino (24.06.1859)
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Historical_maps (819 words)

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