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Topic: Siege of Warsaw

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	Siege of Warsaw (1939) - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The 1939 Battle of Warsaw was fought between the Polish "Warsaw Army" (Armia Warszawa) garrisoned and entrenched in the capital of Poland (Warsaw) and the German Army.
		The latter was composed mostly of fire-fighter brigades and volunteers and was supervised by colonel Tadeusz Bogdanowicz and Julian Kulski, the deputy president of Warsaw.
		The newly-created force was composed of the forces defending Warsaw and Modlin Fortress, as well as all Polish units defending the Narew and Vistula (between Warsaw and Pilica River estuary) river lines.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Siege_of_Warsaw (2074 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Warsaw's Royal Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Royal Castle in Warsaw (Polish Zamek Królewski), is the royal palace and official residence of the Polish monarchs, in Warsaw.
		Since during the Siege of Warsaw in 1939 much of the pieces of art from the castle were transferred to several basements in Warsaw and then hidden from German authorities, they survived the war and were put on exhibition on their original place.
		During the Siege of Warsaw in 1939 many of the works of art from the castle were transferred to several basements around Warsaw and hidden thus from German authorities they survived the war and were put on exhibition in their original place.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Warsaw%27s-Royal-Castle (726 words)

	Poland Hotels and Apartments - Hotels in Warsaw and Krakow Hotels, Accommodation and apartments in Warsaw
		In 1406, following the relocation of the collegiate church in Czersk, Warsaw became the centre of the secular and ecclesiastical authorities and in 1413 its status was confirmed by the official move of the capital of Mazovia from Czersk to Warsaw.
		The part of Mazovia containing Warsaw fell to the Prussians and the town was relegated to the status of a provincial centre.
		Warsaw University and Technical University, the Main School of Music were established and the Society of the Friends of Sciences made up of leading scholars began its activities.
	www.hotels-warsaw.org /warsaw-history-en.php (2158 words)

	Warsaw Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The new archbishop of Warsaw is a consultor for the Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education.
		Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
		Warsaw Uprising the tramway was destroyed by the Germans until the liberation of the ruins in January
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Warsaw (2383 words)

	Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Its population as of 2004 was estimated at 1,692,900, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000.
		Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of New East Prussia.
		In the course of the September Campaign, Warsaw was severely bombed, and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of its buildings were destroyed.
	www.99travel.com /warsaw.shtml (2524 words)

	Siege of Warsaw (1939) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1939 Battle of Warsaw was fought between the Polish "Warsaw Army" (Armia Warszawa) garrisoned and entrenched in the capital of Poland (Warsaw) and the German Army.
		The latter was composed mostly of fire-fighter brigades and volunteers and was supervised by colonel Tadeusz Bogdanowicz and Julian Kulski, the deputy president of Warsaw.
		On September 15 the German forces reached Warsaw from the east and the capital of Poland was under siege.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw (2191 words)

	Warsaw's history
		Between 1939 and 1944 over 84% of Warsaw was completely destroyed, with the city centre bearing the brunt of the damage.
		Warsaw, thanks to its convenient location, experienced a period of rapid development and became the leading city of the entire state.
		The part of Mazovia, with Warsaw, fell to the Prussians and the town was relegated to the status of a provincial centre.
	www.e-warsaw.pl /miasto/historia.htm (951 words)

	Siege of Warsaw (1939) Information
		Despite German radio broadcasts claiming to have captured Warsaw, the attack was stopped and soon afterwards Warsaw was under siege.
		On September 15 the German forces reached Warsaw from the east and the capital of Poland was under siege.
		The water works were destroyed by German bombers and all boroughs of Warsaw experienced a lack of both potable water and water with which to extinguish the fires caused by the constant bombardment.
	www.bookrags.com /Siege_of_Warsaw (2142 words)

	Warsaw - holidays in Warsaw - hotels in Warsaw
		Warsaw straddles the Vistula river, approximately 350 kilometres from both the Carpathian mountains and Baltic Sea.
		Although Warsaw was heavily damaged during World War II and reconstruction in the fifties widened many streets, the city is currently plagued with traffic problems.
		Public transportation in Warsaw is as efficient as it is ubiquitous, serving the city with buses, tramways, and a recently opened metro.
	www.vacanzalastminute.com /travel/warsaw.shtml (2011 words)

	Destination Poland. Travel and tourist information . Hotels World travel information.
		Warsaw is notable among Europe's capital cities not for its size, its age, or its beauty but for its indestructibility.
		In 1413, Warsaw became the capital of the duchy of Mazovia.
		In the course of the September Campaign Warsaw was severely bombed and in the course of the Siege of Warsaw approximately 10 to 15% of all the buildings were destroyed.
	www.hotels-europe.com /info-countries/poland/warsaw-history.htm (362 words)

	Warsaw : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation.
		Warsaw is a municipal powiat and is further divided in 18 distinct entities (called dzielnice) with their own administrative bodies.
		Although Warsaw has been utterly destroyed during the World War II and the reconstruction in the fifties widened many streets in the city centre, Warsaw is currently battling with a plague of traffic jams.
		Following the Warsaw Uprising the tramway net was consistently destroyed by the Germans until the liberation of the ruins in January 1945.
	www.llpoh.org /Styles_and_Architecture_2/Warsaw.html (3345 words)

	World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: Timeline
		The insurgents, however, are unaware that the Germans have decided to defend 'fortress' Warsaw and to counter-attack Red Army forces to the east of the city.
		The siege of Brühl Palace, a government complex near Saxon Garden is lifted by German forces breaking through Wola district.
		It urges the Warsaw inhabitants to leave the city, promising accommodations, jobs, and medical care, while threatening 'consequences' to those who disobey the call.
	www.warsawuprising.com /timeline.htm (2489 words)

	Five Years In The Warsaw Ghetto :: AK Press
		Born in a small town outside of Warsaw in 1889, Bernard Goldstein joined the Jewish labor organization, the Bund, at the age of 16 and dedicated his life to organizing workers and resisting tyranny.
		Goldstein spent time in prisons from Warsaw to Siberia, took part in the Russian Revolution, and was a respected organizer within the vibrant labor movement in independent Poland.
		His surprisingly modest and frank depiction of a community under siege at a time when the world chose not to intervene is enlightening, devastating, and ultimately inspiring.
	www.akpress.org /2004/items/fiveyearsinthewarsawghetto (301 words)

	[No title]
		He was appointed civilian commissar of Warsaw by General Czuma, who was commander of the Command of the Defense of Warsaw.
		By the end of the Siege, he was well-known as the symbol of the defense of Warsaw.
		Starzyński was taken hostage with other prominent Warsaw inhabitants on October 5, 1939 in order to ensure the safety of Hitler during a victory parade held in the city.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/stefan_starzynski.html (1103 words)

	Uprising: NBC Miniseries
		The Germans tightened the siege of the ghetto.
		The Warsaw ghetto uprising was nothing less than a revolution in Jewish history.
		Some aspects of the Warsaw uprising were common to all ghetto insurrections.
	www.adl.org /uprising/Warsaw.asp (496 words)

	Handheld filmers caught history
		In "Siege" Bryan filmed the citizens of Warsaw going about their daily lives amid the horrors of war as the Nazis battled to take over the city.
		Bryan's name has largely slipped from the public mind, but he was an influential writer and documentary filmmaker in the 1930s and '40s, one of the first public figures to spotlight the menace of the Third Reich.
		"A strange aspect of life was that the siege of Warsaw was a commuter's war.
	www.hollywoodreporter.com /hr/content_display/film/news/e3ifb724cfa64879a09dbe6ab2ab37afcae (995 words)

	The Second World War Experience Centre - The Warsaw Ghetto and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - Janina Bauman
		Janina Bauman, née Lewinson, was born in Warsaw in 1926.
		By the end of the month, Warsaw was defeated and she soon saw German troops marching along the street.
		Poles in Warsaw were very aware of the progress of the Russian Army and could not understand it's apparent reluctance to invade the Capital.
	www.war-experience.org /history/keyaspects/wghetto0443/pagetwo.asp (1612 words)

	Warsaw
		Warsaw, the largest city in Poland, became the capital of Poland in 1596.
		Warsaw was also home to various Jewish educational initiatives, sports organizations and youth movements as well as creativity on a wide scale vis-à-vis Jewish literature, theater and visual arts.
		• A monument for the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw, Poland
	www1.yadvashem.org /education/ceremonies/march/warsaw.htm (3670 words)

	In the Aftermath of the Partitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Poniatowski barred the way to Warsaw and at the battle of Raszyn (19 April 1809), where 12,000 Poles faced 25,000 Austrians, the Polish Infantry stubbornly held their ground; it is said that Poniatowski himself took a rifle and went into the front rank with the attacking soldiers.
		Warsaw was taken in September 1831, followed by terrible persecution; over 25,000 prisoners were sent to Siberia with their families and the Constitution of the “Congress Kingdom” was suspended.
		Prus is buried in the Powazki Cemetery, Warsaw.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/Aftermath.html (6708 words)

	Warsaw Uprising
		In Warsaw, the capital of Poland, all 22 entrances to the ghetto were sealed.
		Conditions in the Warsaw ghetto were so bad that between 1940 and 1942 an estimated 100,000 Jews died of starvation and disease.
		The Warsaw Ghetto, the last of all the ghettos, was suddenly surrounded on the night of April 19th by the regular German Army which has begun the liquidation of the remaining Jews.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWwarsawU.htm (2551 words)

	Grange ghetto home page
		Many Warsaw Jews were heartened by the news of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the USSR on 22nd June 1941.
		In preparation for the extermination of Warsaw's Jews the Nazis cracked down on the Jewish underground (18th April 1942), Jews caught hiding on the 'Aryan' side (June 1942) and smugglers (early July 1942).
		By mid-August the Jews of Warsaw knew Treblinka was a death camp.
	warsawghetto.epixtech.co.uk /HistIV.htm (1310 words)

	Our Jerusalem.com -
		Before the Germans captured the city of Warsaw in the 1939 Blitzkrieg, there were 360,00 Jews in the Polish capital.
		The Warsaw Ghetto was established November 15, 1940 in a small area within the city that would become a halfway stop to death for hundreds of thousand of Polish and German Jews.
		When Warsaw was under siege by the Germans in September 1939, its Jewish Council appointed Adam Czerniakow as mayor of the ghetto.
	www.ourjerusalem.com /history/story/history20010723.html (1080 words)

	History and chronology of World War, 2nd Poland
		Warsaw is surrounded by German troops, Hitler orders it's bombardment
		The Home Army's rebellion in Warsaw is crushed by an SS massacre of the insurgents
		The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw
	www.datesofhistory.com /World-War,-2nd-Poland.general.html (321 words)

	Campaign in Poland (summary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		For the battles leading to the siege of Warsaw, the dark blob shatters violently into triangular shards before dissolving.
		Then, after Warsaw has failed to capitulate, the narration tells us the German guns "must have their say".
		Warsaw surrenders on September 27th and we see the army first enter, then parade through the city.
	members.dca.net /mina/arts/movie_spoilers/campaign_in_poland.html (630 words)

	Polish Home Army
		Conditions in the Warsaw ghetto that in two years an estimated 100,000 Jews died of starvation and disease.
		In January 1943, Heinrich Himmler gave instructions for Warsaw to be "Jew free" by Hitler's birthday on 20th April.
		It is estimated that 200,000 inhabitants of Warsaw were killed in the uprising.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /POLhomearmy.htm (990 words)

	TIME.com: In Wartime -- Apr. 15, 1940 -- Page 1
		SIEGE — Julian Bryan — Doubleday, Doran ($2.75).
		A traveloguer caught in Warsaw, a clever novelist at home in England, might be expected to present divergent records of Europe's most hopeless September.They do.
		The only cameraman in Warsaw at the time, Bryan tells in words part of what he saw and how he got along during two weeks of it.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,789795,00.html (469 words)

	:: Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu EN ::
		February 12, Warsaw (PAP – Polish Press Agency) He has been the Polish foreign minister, a writer and historian, a wartime member of the Jewish Aid Council, an Auschwitz prisoner, and an indefatigable proponent of Polish-German and Polish-Jewish dialogue.
		Remembering the siege of Warsaw in September 1939, he says “I became a stretcher-bearer and was assigned to work in the orderly service.
		He holds honorary doctorates from the universities of Warsaw, Wrocław, and Marburg, the PONO in London, and the Jewish University of Baltimore.
	www.auschwitz.org.pl /new/index.php?id=1211&tryb=news_big&language=EN (1305 words)

	Places to explore \| GOwarsaw.eu: Warsaw business tourism web site and guide to business services, conferences, hotels, ...
		Surrounded by houses built or restyled in the 17th century, the Old Town Market Square is one of the main tourist attractions in Warsaw and a good reason to take a break on your tour through the Old Town.
		By using up-to-date technologies, the museum instills the memory of the Warsaw Rising in the national consciousness.
		The museum is not showing only the military history of a 63-day battle, but also the life of civilians in a city under siege.
	www.gowarsaw.eu /en/places-to-explore (677 words)

	Siege of Warsaw (1939) Details, Meaning Siege of Warsaw (1939) Article and Explanation Guide
		Siege of Warsaw (1939) Details, Meaning Siege of Warsaw (1939) Article and Explanation Guide
		Siege of Warsaw (1939) Guide, Meaning, Facts, Information and Description
		This is an Article on Siege of Warsaw (1939).
	www.e-paranoids.com /s/si/siege_of_warsaw__1939_.html (213 words)

	[No title]
		In the basement stood primitive benches saved by the janitor from the siege of Warsaw at the beginning of the war in 1939, upon which our neighbors already sat.
		They were saying that the Uprising was beginning, that Warsaw would be freed by the resistance fighters, that the Germans would flee, and that then the Bolsheviks would come, bringing the Red Army.
		The edict stated that Warsaw was to be destroyed, so that not one stone remained on top of another.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /exhib/warsaw/childs.htm (3982 words)

	Warschau Unter Deutscher Herrschaft (review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		These are the opening paragraphs of the foreword to Warschau unter Deutscher Herrschaft (Warsaw under German Rule) by the Governor of Warsaw, Dr. Ludwig Fischer, who commissioned Dr. Friederich Gollert to expand the 1941 edition with access to official records and documents.
		Since Warsaw had a very large Jewish population (according to the The New Concise Pictorial Encyclopedia, Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1938, the Jewish population was 309,000), naturally Gollert devotes 7 of his 302 pages to the Jewish District of Warsaw, with 12 pictures of the Jewish District.
		Under the subtitle "'The Necessity of Establishing the Jewish District," one is told that the Jewish District was surrounded by a wall in the summer of 1940 to protect both Jews and non-Jews from epidemics potentially emanating from it.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v07/v07p461_Lang.html (2692 words)

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