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Topic: Siege of York

	Siege - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.
		A siege tower could also be used: a substantial structure built as high, or higher than the walls, it allowed the attackers to fire down upon the defenders and also advance troops to the wall with less danger than using ladders.
		Although siege warfare had moved out from an urban setting because city walls had become ineffective against modern weapons, trench warfare was nonetheless able to utilize many of the techniques of siege warfare in its prosecution (sapping, mining, barrage and, of course, attrition) but on a much larger scale and on a greatly extended front.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege (4794 words)

	A Short History of York, Yorkshire, England
		York was, obviously, on the wrong side of the country to benefit from this trade.
		York was solidly behind the king but from April 1644 it was under siege by the parliamentarians.
		By 1901 the population of York was 77,914.
	www.localhistories.org /york.html (1802 words)

	York
		York was originally a town of the Brigantes, a people of Celtic origin, inhabiting the country extending north ward from the Mersey and the Humber to the Firth of Solway and the Tyne, and described by Tacitus as the most numerous of the British tribes.
		The neighbourhood of York was the scene of some of the bloody conflicts in the War of the Roses ; and the lofty gates of the city exhibited the barbarous spectacle of the heads of Lancastrians and Yorkists alternately, as either party was victorious.
		By the late act the Ainsty is separated from the jurisdiction of York, and annexed partly to the West and partly to the East Riding of the county.
	www.oldtowns.co.uk /Yorkshire/york.htm (6448 words)

	Battle of Marston Moor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leven and Fairfax began a Siege of York on April 22.
		With York successfully relieved, it was almost certain that the Scots, Manchester and Fairfax would retreat and split up, but Rupert insisted that his orders from the King (which he did not show to Newcastle) were to defeat them in the field.
		When the contingent from York belatedly arrived, Rupert's dispositions were criticised by Sir James Eythin, one of Newcastle's senior officers, as being drawn up too close to the enemy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Marston_Moor (1695 words)

	York Web - a brief history of York, one of the most beautiful cities in Britain
		During the War Of The Roses York was sympathetic to the Lancastrian side, and in the aftermath of the conflict this fact was not forgotten by King Edward IV.
		This was a dark period in York's history with severe epidemics striking the population, the decimation of the wool trade and the shift of much commercial activity to London.
		By the time Charles left York in 1642 the Parliamentary opposition had grown stronger, Civil war was declared and in April 1644 a 40,000 strong Parliamentary army began the siege of York.
	www.salvonet.com /yorkweb/history (1166 words)

	York - York's history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This was when the wood industry became less important to York, trade drifted towards London and, in 1533, Henry VIII broke with Rome and set himself up as head of the church in England; York as an established religious centre suffered greatly.
		During the reign of Elizabeth I, the Council of the North increased in importance and with it, York's revival and influence gathered momentum.
		Following the removal of the Royal Garrison from York in 1688, the city was gradually dominated by the local aristocracy and gentry.
	www.york.gov.uk /visiting/heritage/history.html (1859 words)

	1644: The York March and Marston Moor
		Prince Rupert marched for the relief of York from Shrewsbury on 16 May with 6,000 foot and 2,000 horse.
		The Allied generals decided to withdraw their forces from York to face him, blocking the road from Knaresborough at Long Marston, thinking that this was his only feasible approach.
		When Prince Rupert arrived to raise the siege of York on 1 July, he intended to strike immediately at the Allied army.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /military/1644-york-march-marston-moor.htm (1671 words)

	York Minster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It's importance reflects the history of the city of York itself; once the Roman city and fortress of Eboracum, it was in York that the first Christian Caesar was proclaimed, Constantine and there is a statue of him outside the church today.
		Thomas of Bayeux introduced canons living the common life at York, later converting the Chapter to conform with the model to which he had been accustomed in Normandy, a fully secular Chapter of canons living in their own houses, enjoying separate incomes.
		York survived Henry's plunder of the great monasteries and churches at the Reformation and one of its chief glories, its glass, even survived Cromwell's iconoclasts, thanks to the Yorkshireman Lord Fairfax, who headed the siege of York and ordered the Minster's preservation.
	www.heritage.me.uk /religiou/york.htm (873 words)

	Turn Left: Liberal Friendly Places - New York
		New York is one city that can't be pigeonholed by its leaders, as it is the people who truly make this city work.
		New York is a haven for liberals and those who care for their fellow man, and Rudy Guliani is not going to change that, nor do I think he is interested in trying to.
		But the overriding sense in New York is that the city is forever navigating itself through a perpetual metamorphosis, swallowing up cultures, languages, and talents from around the globe, and then digesting them to nourish that constant flux.
	www.turnleft.com /places/new_york.html (1319 words)

	boiling oil - Castle Quest
		Harry is responsible for claiming that Wallace beseiged York, and that the defenders used burning faggots and scalding pitch (not oil) in the defence of the town.
		The claim that he reached York, a cosiderable distance south and further into English territory, and of far greater importance, is typical of how he rewrote events to suit his purpose.
		Again Harry is responsible for inventing the visit of 'the English Queen' to Wallace at York, though as you have stated, Isabella the Fair was not yet Queen nor Princess of Wales (she was born in 1296) being only 1 year old when Wallace invaded the North of England.
	www.castlesontheweb.com /quest/Forum12/HTML/000144.html (803 words)

	"Sue City: New York's Stake in Lawsuit Reform" (City Journal, Winter 1993)
		New York City's estimated payout last year on personal injury claims, $229 million, is a striking figure even in a town known for big numbers.
		New York City's experience is of wider significance as well, as a reality check in the ongoing national debate over legal reform.
		Indeed, a much-publicized Harvard study of New York hospitals found that around one percent of hospital admissions in the state led to some sort of negligent harm, and that most injured patients did not file claims.
	www.walterolson.com /articles/cjsuecity.html (2776 words)

	Civil Justice Memo 23 \| Under Siege: New York’s Liability Ordeal, by Richard Miniter
		Though New York is not the nation’s average city, it makes in some ways a uniquely valuable laboratory in which to chart litigation trends.
		New York's 11,000 miles of sidewalks, hundreds of acres of parks, tens of thousands of police officers, and eleven hospitals open the city to a wide variety of legal claims.
		Indeed, there is some reason to fear that New York and its taxpayers will be swept up in the most feared of all types of injury litigation: the “mass tort,” a new legal lifeform that arose as a mutation of the class action suit.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/cjm_23.htm (1268 words)

	Yorktown Campaign (1781)
		Siege artillery -- as well as extensive muntions needed for a siege -- was left at Providence.
		Cornwallis occupied the towns of York and Gloucester, and proceeded to erect fortifications at a leisurely pace.
		He provided the artist with sketches of the Yorktown siege and supervised the execution of the painting for Louis XVI, as well as a replica in 1786 for Rochambeau.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/yrkcam-z.htm (3018 words)

	Select Documents: The Marquis de Lafayette Collection at Cleveland State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Journal of the siege of York in Virginia in the month of October 1781 by the American and French armies under the orders of Generals Washington and Rochambeau.
		Then we reconnoitered the place with greater ease, and we kept busy with that till the 5th, while the artillery was disembarking, and the troops prepared the provisions for siege works, and the munitions were brought to the artillery park.
		That afternoon they paraded before the combined army, deposited their arms at the head of the American camp, which were required for the militias, and went to spend the night in York, of which some troops had just taken possession.
	web.ulib.csuohio.edu /Lafayette/documents/doc1.shtml (1463 words)

	'The Siege': New York as Battleground of Terrorists and Troops
		'The Siege': New York as Battleground of Terrorists and Troops
		"The Siege" provides the easiest of answers to all but the last question (the name of the play is tactfully shrouded in post-explosion haze) as it turns into a speechifying consideration of civil liberties and constitutional rights.
		Among the film's most ominous shots is one panning from a New York mosque to the Manhattan skyline, which looks like one big tempting target in the context of this story.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/film/110698siege-film-review.html (643 words)

	Gaskins's Virginia Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this capacity he joined the American army at Williamsburg and was at the siege of York.
		He was engaged in a skirmish at Pigeon Hill and was present at the siege of York.
		After the siege of York he went with Steuben to Philadelphia remained with him during the winter, and continued in his service until he was discharged at West Point.
	www.virginiacampaign.org /gaskins/Soldiers/fisher.html (410 words)

	Amazon.com: The Battle for New York: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After the commencement of hostilities in 1776, New York being situated near the centre of the colonial sea-board, and readily accessible from the sea, was selected by the enemy as a principal point for their future operations.
		Schecter's focus in the first half of the book on the battles in and near New York City, and in the second half of the book his arguments, generally convincing, that New York City was always important to the strategy of both sides.
		This, as Barnet Schecter's brilliant history, "The Battle for New York: The City at the Heart of the American Revolution", is an undeserved slight to New York.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0802713742?v=glance (2861 words)

	Marathon Middle/High School Library Media Center-The Latest, Greatest New Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Twelve-year-old New York City twins Meg and Edward have nothing in common, so they are just as shocked as everyone else when Meg's hopes for popularity and Edward's mischievous schemes coincidentally collide in a hilarious showdown.
		A twelve-year-old boy named Moose moves to Alcatraz Island in 1935 when guards' families were housed there, and has to contend with his extraordinary new environment in addition to life with his autistic sister.
		Ellie Cavanaugh's long-held beliefs are picked apart when she reinvestigates her sister's murder in an attempt to prove the guilt of the man, recently released, who spent twenty-two years in prison for the killing.
	www.monroe.k12.fl.us /mhs/media/newbooks.htm (2353 words)

	COLONIA EBORACENSIVM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the Notitia Dignitatum of the late 4th century, the entry for York appears under the heading Sub dispositione uiri spectabilis ducis Britanniarum or 'At the disposal of the respectable man, the Duke of the Britains'.
		York appears at the head of Nennius' list of 33 'British Towns' as Cair Hebrauc, which consists of two components; a mangled form of the town's Old British name, prefixed by the Celtic word cair meaning 'fortified place' (q.v.
		Built sometime during the 1500's, the inn was occupied by parliamentary forces throughout the Siege of York during the English Civil War in 1644.
	www.roman-britain.org /places/eburacum.htm (6157 words)

	Summer Reading: Fiction and Poetry
		PG7158.M553 A2 2001 In the winter of his 70-year career, Milosz appears to be locked in insoluble argument with himself: where he once credited poetry with the power to rescue mankind from the void, he now demurs, maintaining that language is inadequate to the task of capturing verity.
		The action of this brief novel is a single act of oral sex, but its life is found in memories of a doomed affair and the thoughts of Kay and Benjamin, its partners; they know each other well, but not what is happening between them.
		Many a young person has come to New York for a restart; the narrator of this beguiling first novel, which is much concerned with the particularities of place and conduct, does it after a nitwit move by her fiance in Wisconsin renders him quadriplegic.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/su/fiction/nyt2002.html (2665 words)

	The Execution of Nathan Hale, 1776
		In the early summer of 1776, the British evacuated Boston leaving the city and New England to the rebelling colonialists.
		Taken to General Howe's headquarters (commander of the British forces) in New York, the young spy was interrogated and executed on September 22.
		Word of the execution was brought to General Washington's headquarters shortly after by a British officer carrying a flag of truce.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /hale.htm (711 words)

	The Siege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		But The Siege has other issues on its mind as it walks a fine line between exploitation and genuine insight while exploring how efforts to eradicate outside threats to our system can end up being worse than the threats themselves.
		A covert operation kidnaps a bin Laden-like Islamic leader, whereupon his followers lay siege to New York City with an escalating series of bombings.
		Little of this holds together in retrospect, and all ends in dutiful speechifying, none of which compares in impact to the stunned horror in Washington's eyes as he witnesses a busload of innocents obliterated, or the sight of a naked man in a lavatory singled out to pay the price.
	www.providencephoenix.com /archive/movies/98/11/05/THE_SIEGE.html (243 words)

	History of the Order of St. John
		The Siege of Malta in 1565 began in May with the arrival of 40,000 Ottoman Turks led by Dragut, the Governor of Tripoli.
		The critical and decisive moment of the siege came on September 7, 1565.
		The Siege of Malta, 1565; translated from Spanish by Henry Alexander Balbi; with a foreword by Harry Luke (Copenhagen, 1961).
	www.hmml.org /centers/malta/Hospitallers.html (1689 words)

	Gaskins's Virginia Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After, he was commanded by Gen. Wayne at the siege of York.
		From there he marched to Cumberland Court House and was in the regiment of Col. Febiger and by him delivered up to Col. Posey who marched to Georgia, and was there under the command of Gen. Wayne, who went to Savannah where he and others were furloughed to return to Richmond, Va., to be discharged.
		After this he was under Gen. Wayne at the siege of York.
	www.virginiacampaign.org /gaskins/Soldiers/france.html (817 words)

	:: Welcome to York - Media :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1153 the Pope, the Archbishop of York, the Abbot of Fountains and St Bernard of Clairvaux all died in the same year, struck down, some said, by the hand of God for their ill treatment of William.
		William was re-instated by the new Pope, and returned to York in triumph in 1154.
		She hid priests in her house and had the Mass said in secret, which was very dangerous when England was in imminent danger of invasion by the Catholic super-power Spain, and Catholic priests seen as spies.
	www.york-tourism.co.uk /Media/ThemedFactSheets.cfm?FactSheetId=95 (3039 words)

	Yugoslav War 1991-1995 Annotated Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Originally written as a column for a Croatian newspaper, Sarajevo Under Siege vividly describes a life in which unspeakable horrors are daily occurrences.
		Gutman and his photographer Andree Kaiser were one of the first Western journalists to visit the concentration camps in Bosnia and their work was partially responsible for the United Nations' condemnation of the camps.
		Traces the daily life of a family in Sarajevo from the time the city came under siege in November 1992 until a peace agreement was enforced and elections held in 1996.
	www.smuhsd.k12.ca.us /smhs/Library/1bib.htm (1722 words)

	:: Welcome to York - Media :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The title of Duke of York is usually conferred on the Sovereignâs second eldest son and so, throughout history, York has always played a leading role in royal life.
		During the Civil War and the Siege of York, Kingâs Manor became the Royalist headquarters.
		The Duchess of York was, of course, the Queen Mother and York took her to their hearts.
	www.york-tourism.co.uk /Media/ThemedFactSheets.cfm?FactSheetId=61 (1210 words)

	VAI: On the Waterfront
		“On the Waterfront,” an exhibition of photographs of New York City’s Hudson River Waterfront by Maggie Hopp,was exhibited in February and March 1997.
		The exhibit, sponsored by the Durst Organization and Van Alen Institute, focused on the vast stretch of New York’s waterfront from Battery Park City north to 59th Street, where after decades of neglect change is finally underway.
		Hopp, whose portfolio of New York sites include Theaters under Siege, New York Numerals, Stoopsitters, and Outer Smut, chooses “arenas of social import and environmental impact.” From this perspective, the Hudson River waterfront is among the most compelling sites in New York today.
	www.vanalen.org /exhibits/waterfront.htm (308 words)

	Adherents.com - Religious Groups in Literature
		New York: William Morrow and Co. (1994); pg.
		New York: William Morrow and Co. (1991); pg.
		His purpose in the Oresteia trilogy was a theological one: to examine the actions of the gods in placing a curse upon a house, a curse stemming from murder and leading to further murder.
	www.adherents.com /lit/Na/Na_206.html (2970 words)

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