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Topic: Siege of Yorktown

	Siege of Yorktown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Siege of Yorktown (1781) was a victory by a combined American and French force led by General George Washington, the Marquis de Lafayette, and the French General Comte de Rochambeau over a British army commanded by General Lord Charles Cornwallis.
		On August 14, 1781, Washington received confirmation that the French Admiral de Grasse, stationed in the West Indies, was sailing with his fleet to the Chesapeake Bay.
		It was not clear at the time that Yorktown was the climax of the war, since the British still occupied key ports such as New York City and Charleston, South Carolina.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown (803 words)

	Siege of Yorktown - MSN Encarta
		Introduction; Siege of Yorktown (1781); Siege of Yorktown (1862)
		Siege of Yorktown, name applied to two different military actions, one at the end of the American Revolution, the other during the American Civil War.
		Washington achieved the victory at Yorktown by coordinating his widely scattered land and sea forces in what is considered one of the most skillful military operations in history.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562639/Siege_of_Yorktown.html (628 words)

	Battle of Yorktown (1862) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Yorktown was fought from April 5 to May 4, 1862, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.
		McClellan suspended the march up the Peninsula toward Richmond, ordered the construction of siege fortifications, and brought his heavy siege guns to the front.
		The battle took place near the 1781 siege of Yorktown, the last battle of the American Revolutionary War in the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Yorktown_(1862) (300 words)

	Colonial National Historical Park - Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
		It began on the swampy marshes of Jamestown in 1607.
		It was one hundred and seventy-four years of hope, frustration, adventure, discovery, growth, and development that saw a lonely settlement of 104 men and boys grow into a nation of 13 colonies of 3 million people, of many races and many beliefs.
		Yorktown is the site of the final major battle of the American Revolutionary War.
	www.nps.gov /colo (425 words)

	Yorktown Battlefield, A Site on a Revolutionary War Road Trip on US Route 60
		In June 1781, he was elected the third governor of Virginia, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, and, with the rank of brigadier general, commanded the Virginia militia at the siege of Yorktown.
		During the Siege of Yorktown, he was imprisoned by the British on a ship anchored in the York River.
		Griffin was imprisoned by the British during the siege of Yorktown.
	www.revolutionaryday.com /usroute60/yorktown (2304 words)

	TCYorktown History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The decline and eventual abandonment of Yorke village coincided with the upriver development of Yorktown as a superior deepwater port in the late 1690's.
		Yorktown's moment in history began September 28, 1781, when a group of Colonial and French soldiers set out from Williamsburg to lay siege to the British Army that had fortified the seaport hamlet.
		In 1917, the United States Navy purchased 400 acres of the Yorktown, Virginia, peninsula to serve as a fuel depot.
	www.uscg.mil /tcyorktown/info/history.shtm (452 words)

	NPS Historical Handbook: Yorktown
		The attacks were made at 8 o'clock, after dark, on October 14, in one of the most dramatic and heroic moves of the siege of Yorktown, and it proved to be a definite turning point in the operations.
		As the Americans were moving out for their attack from the right end of the First Allied Siege Line, a party of 400 French soldiers led by Col. William Deux Ponts, with the Baron de l'Estrade second in command, launched an assault on Redoubt No. 9 from the temporary end of the second seige line.
		Yorktown was surrounded at close range, relief had not yet come, and the enemy was superior in men and firepower.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/14/hh14b6.htm (782 words)

	Siege of Yorktown, 28 September — 19 October 1781
		Operating under the belief that the majority of the population of the south were actually loyalists, held down by a rebel minority, the British abandoned their attempts to win the war in the north, and switched to a southern strategy.
		While the allied army prepared for the siege, Cornwallis was largely passive, perhaps in the expectation of relief from New York.
		Siege warfare at this period was highly formalised.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_yorktown.html (2537 words)

	History of the Siege of Yorktown
		Cornwallis was in Yorktown because he had been ordered by Clinton during the summer to provide a protected harbor for the British fleet in the lower Chesapeake Bay.
		Cornwallis chose Yorktown because of its deep-water harbor on the York River.
		The Americans and French marched from Williamsburg to Yorktown on September 28 and began digging a trench 800 yards from the British defense line to begin a siege.
	www.nps.gov /colo/Ythanout/ytsiege.html (1244 words)

	siege - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Fortification and Siege Warfare, related branches of the art of military engineering.
		Yorktown, Siege of, name applied to two different military actions, one at the end of the American Revolution, the other during the American Civil...
		Leningrad, Siege of, also known as the 900-Day Siege, blockade by German forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics’ (USSR) second largest...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /siege.html (146 words)

	USS Yorktown (CG 48)
		USS YORKTOWN and USS CARON (DD 970) are bumped by a Soviet destroyer and frigate, respectively.
		USS YORKTOWN was built from keel up to utilize every capability of the awesome Aegis Combat System and was commissioned on 4 July 1984 at Yorktown, VA. It proceeded immediately to work up for a major series of shock trials.
		USS YORKTOWN served as a stabilizing force during her third and fourth Mediterranean deployments, while the world watched in wonder at the end of the Cold War and the tremendous coalition victory in DESERT STORM.
	navysite.de /cg/cg48.html (1335 words)

	Visit Historic Yorktown Virginia
		Yorktown was established in 1691, and by the early 1700s, had emerged as a major tobacco port and economic center in Virginia.
		At the peak of its success, Yorktown consisted of 2000 residents, a bustling wharf with docks and storehouses, a Main Street that sat atop a bluff and was lined with stately homes, as well as several taverns and shops that were scattered throughout the town.
		The siege on Yorktown began, ending in Cornwallis’s surrender on October 19, 1781.
	www.bandbwilliamsburg.com /yorktown.html (833 words)

	The Battle of Yorktown
		Artillery and siege equipment and stores were also brought to the front.
		Wagons to be furnished to carry the baggage of the offices attending the soldiers, and the surgeons when traveling on account of the sick, attending the hospitals, at the public expense.
		No article of the capitulation to be infringed, on pretext of reprisal, and if there be any doubtful expressions in it, they are to be interpreted according to the common meaning and acceptation of the words.
	www.myrevolutionarywar.com /battles/810928.htm (2168 words)

	Film and Galleries - Yorktown Victory Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The film, shown every 30 minutes in the Richard S. Reynolds Foundation Theater, is set in an encampment at night during the Siege of Yorktown and dramatizes the musings and recollections of the war by an array of individuals.
		Displays of maps, documents and military items are used to describe the 1781 movement of British troops from the south and American and French forces from the north into Virginia, and the three-week siege at Yorktown that resulted in British capitulation and ensured American independence.
		The diversity of nationalities involved in the conflict at Yorktown is illustrated with artifacts representing American, French, British and German forces.
	www.historyisfun.org /yorktown/yvc_film.cfm (271 words)

	The Yorktown Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The 1781 Yorktown Campaign, in Virginia, was the final major military episode of the American Revolution.
		The objective of the French-American allies was to trap Charles Cornwallis, the British commander in the south, who had established himself at Yorktown on the Virginia peninsula after having failed to destroy the American army of Gen.
		Siege operations against Yorktown opened on Oct. 6, 1781, as French and American artillery began a nearly incessant bombardment of Cornwallis's positions.
	www.americanrevwar.homestead.com /files/YORK.HTM (508 words)

	The Siege of Yorktown
		He executed his Yorktown paintings under the direct supervision of Berthier, a skilled draftsman and former member of Rochambeau's staff in America (1781-83).
		The artillery aspects of the siege are covered at The Artillery at the Siege of Yorktown (1781) webpage.
		Further information on Blarenberghe's Yorktown paintings can be found at webpage "Comments on famous paintings of the Siege of Yorktown (1781)".
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/yrtnsieg.htm (1274 words)

	Couder's Siege of Yorktown (1781) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Siege of Yorktown (1781), c.1836 oil painting by Louis Charles-Auguste Couder.
		However, during the siege operations, Lauzun and his hussars were positioned away from the allied commanders' headquarters in front of Yorktown, and were across the York River.
		No doubt Couder had access to exhibits of original uniforms, and it is obvious that he refrained from injecting the flamboyant collars, epaulets, etc. of the military officer uniforms that soon became the style a few years after the Yorktown siege of 1781.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/couder.htm (306 words)

	Yorktown Cruises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Relive the Siege of Yorktown as you cruise by the historical sites and relive the commitment of our forefathers on a narrated cruise aboard the Yorktown Lady.
		Cruises depart from the Watermen's Museum in Yorktown.
		Yorktown Hauntings Cruise - Bring to life haunting tales from the York River's murky past during a 30-minute cruise and 45-minute walking tour.
	www.visitwilliamsburg.com /yorktown_cruises.htm (210 words)

	Blarenghe's Siege of Yorktown (1781)
		Blarenberghe executed two scenic paintings of The Siege of Yorktown: in 1784 for the king, Louis XVI, and a near replica in 1786 for the comte de Rochambeau.
		Evidently, one of the changes Rochambeau requested for his version [detail shown below] of the 'Siege' painting was for him to be depicted in a dress blue coat and the more formal red waistcoat and breeches of the French senior officer's uniform.
		It is upon the 1784 Blarenberghe version [the more creditable] that Augste Couder (1789-1873) based his c.1836 oil painting of the 1781 Siege of the Yorktown (1781), essentially a focused scene of the allied headquarters in front of a staylized tent.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/yrkt-z.htm (688 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		YORKTOWN, SIEGE OF, name applied to two different military actions fought at Yorktown, Va., one at the end of the American Revolution, the other during the American Civil War.
		Lafayette and a small force of Americans, who had followed Cornwallis to Yorktown, notified Washington, encamped in West Point, N.Y., of the British position and preparations.
		On April 5, 1862, the numerically superior Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by a cautious Gen. George B. McClellan, surrounded Yorktown, which was held by 13,000 Confederate troops under Maj. Gen.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/siege_of_yorktown.html (558 words)

	Yorktown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		But the addition of the troops brought by de Grasse gave Lafayette an army of 8,500 - larger than the British army at Yorktown - and Washington was confident that Lafayette's men could hold Cornwallis on the peninsula until the rest of the army arrived.
		Washington knew that an allied siege of Yorktown could be brought to a successful conclusion only if the French fleet remained in the Chesapeake.
		The physical damage to Yorktown was extensive, but the steady loss of life and the constant psychological pressure was worse.
	home.comcast.net /~glennwatson550/stories/yorktown.html (833 words)

	PART XVII
		The Service of the Siege will be performed by divisions alternately—the fatigue men will first be detailed out of the division and the remainder will form Battallions under their respective commanders to guard the Trenches—
		There was "one continual roar of cannon, mixed with the bursting of shells and rumbling of houses torn to pieces." The troops were much weakened by sickness and exhausted by the havoc wrought within their lines.
		The losses were small, however, the total being only 22 Americans and 186 French, from the commencement of the siege to the storming of the redoubts on the 14th.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/RevWar/Yorktown/AWC-Ytn-17.htm (2116 words)

	Yorktown Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is interesting to note at this point that Confederate and Union earthworks would in places overlap those left by both George Washington's and Lord Cornwallis' armies when they met in the climactic battle of the American Revolution roughly 60 years earlier.
		During the siege of Yorktown, the Union army was furnished with intelligence by reconnaissance made by Allan Pinkerton's agency and air born observation made by Dr. Thaddeus Lowe.
		His siege weapons included 40 mortars (the biggest being the 13-inch seacoast mortars) and over 100 siege guns ranging from 20-lb to 200-lb Parrot Rifles.
	home.comcast.net /~HoffmanCIW/1862/yorktown.htm (671 words)

	SavasBeatie LLC Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The siege of Yorktown in the fall of 1781 was the single most decisive engagement of the American Revolution.
		His assignment at that time was to research and write a study of the Allies at Yorktown.
		The Guns of Independence: The Siege of Yorktown, 1781 is a thoroughly updated and revised edition of that rare earlier work.
	www.savasbeatie.com /Yorktown.html (896 words)

	Yorktown : History \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Though tourist attention focuses to a large degree on the town's role as the final Revolutionary battlefield, Yorktown is also of interest as one of America's earliest colonial towns.
		Yorktown quickly became a principal mid-Atlantic port and a center of tobacco trade.
		Marching quickly from the north, Washington's army of 17,600 American troops and their French allies laid siege to Yorktown on September 28, 1781.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/yorktown/3077013476.html (471 words)

	Yorktown : Attractions \| Frommers.com
		Though it is doubtful that Yorktown would have recovered from the destruction and waste that accompanied the Siege of 1781, it received the coup de grace in the "Great Fire" of 1814 and declined steadily over the years, becoming a quiet rural village.
		Self-guided or ranger-led walking tours of historic Yorktown -- which includes some places of interest not related to the famed battle -- are available at the Yorktown Battlefield visitor center (call for times).
		Though damaged (cannonballs remain embedded in the brickwork), the house survived the Battle of Yorktown, and the Nelson family continued to live in it until 1907.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/yorktown/3077010029.html (1109 words)

	The Story of the Campaign And Siege of Yorktown The American Revolution
		It is well to speak of Yorktown as a providential event, but we should never forget that it was primarily due to the military skill and hearty cooperation of Washington and Rochambeau, to both of whom the main glory belongs.
		The movements that culminated in the Siege of Yorktown form one of the most brilliant chapters in the history of the eighteenth century.
		The final advance on Yorktown was made by what were called "parallels"; that is, earthworks in a parallel position to the British works.
	www.newrivernotes.com /va/yorktwn2.htm (13445 words)

	The Glory of Yorktown
		Yorktown, ancient and venerable, became heroic and glorious in 1781, when it witnessed the crowning victory of the Revolutionary War, which achived American indepedence and assured the establishment of the United States.
		When CORNWALLIS selected Yorktown as a naval base, he probably did not anticipate the contingency of a siege, because the place was not especially favorable for defense.
		The siege of Yorktown was begun on September 28th, the allied army spreading out into permanent camp in a semi-circle from the banks of the York above the town around to Wormley Creek below.
	www.newrivernotes.com /va/yorktwn1.htm (6562 words)

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