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	Siegfried Kracauer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 1907 and 1913 Kracauer studied architecture, eventually obtaining a doctorate in engineering in 1914 and working as an architect in Osnabrück, Munich, and Berlin until 1920.
		Kracauer continued this trend over the next few years, building up theoretical methods of analyzing circuses, photography, films, advertising, tourism, city layout and dance, which he published in 1927 with the work Ornament der Masse (Ornaments of the Masses).
		Kracauer became increasingly critical of capitalism (having read the works of Karl Marx) and eventually broke away from Frankfurt newspaper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siegfried_Kracauer (526 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Siegfried Kracauer (February 8, 1889, Frankfurt am Main, Germany - November 26, 1966, New York) was a journalist, sociologist, and film critic.
		Between 1907 and 1913 Kracauer studied architecture, eventually obtaining a doctorate in engineering in 1914 and working as an architect in Osnabrueck, Munich, and Berlin until 1920.
		Kracauer contined this trend over the next few years, building up theoretical methods of analyzing circuses, photography, films, advertising, tourism, city layout and dance, which he published in 1927 with the work Ornament der Masse (Ornaments of the Masses).
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Siegfried_Kracauer (435 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer (1889 - 1966)
		Kracauer analyzed and critiqued the phenomena of modern mass culture.
		Siegfried Kracauer's classic study, originally published in 1960, explores the distinctive qualities of the cinematic medium.
		Siegfried Kracauer--a prominent German film critic and member of Walter Benjamin's and Theodor Adorno's intellectual circle--broke new ground in exploring the connections between film aesthetics, the prevailing psychological state of Germans in the Weimar era, and the evolving social and political reality of the time.
	www.jahsonic.com /SiegfriedKracauer.html (1239 words)

	SIEGFRIED KRACAUER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Zwischen 1907 und 1913 studierte Kracauer in Darmstadt, Berlin und München Architektur, daneben besuchte er Vorlesungen über Philosophie und Soziologie.
		1933 wurde Kracauer aus politischen Gründen von der Frankfurter Zeitung entlassen und emigrierte zunächst nach Paris; dort begann er 1934 mit der Arbeit an seiner Offenbach-Biographie; seine journalistische Arbeit trat in dieser Zeit in den Hintergrund.
		In den letzten Jahren seines Lebens arbeitete Kracauer überwiegend als Sozialwissenschaftler für verschiedene Institute, darunter in New York als Forschungsdirektor für Angewandte Sozialwissenschaften an der Columbia University.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/S/Siegfried_Kracauer (734 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kracauer contined this trend over the next years building up theoretical methods of analyzing photography films advertising tourism city layout and which he published in 1927 with the Ornament der Masse (Ornaments of the Masses).
		Kracauer analyzed and critiqued the phenomena of mass culture.
		Kracauer's "Salaried Masses", finally translated after seventy years, is a fascinating study of Weimar society, with a particular emphasis on the workforce and the dynamics between employers and workers.
	www.freeglossary.com /Siegfried_Kracauer (469 words)

	Harvard University Press/The Mass Ornament/Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Siegfried Kracauer (1889-1966) was the author of Theory of Film, From Caligari to Hitler, and many other works on historical, sociological, and cultural topics.
		Kracauer, a leading cultural critic in the Germany of the turbulent 1920s and early 1930s, shows himself in these essays to be a wide-ranging and penetrating interpreter of the everyday life of this era.
		The pieces collected in Siegfried Kracauer's The Mass Ornament are the musings of an inveterate flaneur, a rapt spectator, and an inexorable detective as he wanders through the streets of the Weimar Republic.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /reviews/KRAMAS_R.html (962 words)

	German 43: Resources: Biographies: Kracauer, Siegfried
		During the 1920s, Kracauer was one of Germany's most important film critics; he was also the cultural affairs editor of the well-respected Frankfurter Zeitung.
		In 1942, he was commissioned to examine Nazi film propaganda; and from that project, Kracauer developed his most celebrated study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological Study of the German Film (1947).
		There he argues that changes in style and content of Weimar cinema resulted from shifts in the psychological disposition of the nation's key social group, middle-class men.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~germ43/resources/biographies/kracauer-s.html (147 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Siegfried Kracauer (February 8, 1889, (Click link for more info and facts about Frankfurt am Main) Frankfurt am Main, Germany - November 26, 1966, (A Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies) New York) was a journalist, sociologist, and (Click link for more info and facts about film critic) film critic.
		He became increasingly critical of capitalism (having read the works of (Founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883)) Karl Marx) and eventually broke away from Frankfurt newspaper.
		In 1960, he released "Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality," which argues that ((philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived) realism is the most important function of cinema.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/siegfried_kracauer.htm (459 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer Article, SiegfriedKracauer Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Siegfried Kracauer (February 8, 1889, Frankfurt am Main, Germany - November 26, 1966, New York) was a journalist, sociologist, and filmcritic.
		Between 1907 and 1913 Kracauer studied architecture, eventually obtaining a doctorate in engineering in 1914 and working as anarchitect in Osnabrueck, Munich, and Berlin until 1920.
		Kracauer contined this trend over the next few years, building up theoretical methods of analyzing circuses, photography,films, advertising, tourism, city layout and dance, which he published in 1927 with the work Ornament der Masse(Ornaments of the Masses).
	www.anoca.org /he/film/siegfried_kracauer.html (439 words)

	Sample Chapter for Koch, G.; Gaines, J., trans.: Siegfried Kracauer: An Introduction.
		Kracauer exists either as a film theorist or as a distant relative of the Frankfurt School, either as a journalist or as a philosopher, either as an essay-writer or as a novelist.
		In ironic desperation, Kracauer therefore once asked in a letter penned on the occasion of a preface that was to be attached to one of his books, not to be presented as a "film man," but instead as "a philosopher of culture, or also as a sociologist, and as a poet.
		Siegfried would undoubtedly have been encouraged in numerous ways by his uncle, and it was to him that Siegfried wrote high-spirited letters while vacationing.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s6852.html (2577 words)

	Commentary Magazine - From Caligari to Hitler, by Siegfried Kracauer; and Magic and Myth of the Movies, by Parker Tyler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		...Kracauer's main emphasis is consistently social and psychological, and the result is a superbly wellrounded work, extremely provocative and rewarding...
		...Kracauer asserts that a concept of genuine freedom was never presented on the German screen, although there was manifest a tendency groping toward such a solution...
		...Kracauer, on the other hand, is a scholar, and his investigation exhibits a consistent unity of purpose, which is to depict the conflicts in the German mind that eventuated in Hitler...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V4I2P97-1.htm (1776 words)

	Steven C
		Kracauer is a modern cultural theorist caught up in the whirlwind changes of his time.
		Kracauer says, "But if a sojourn in a hotel offers neither a perspective on nor an escape from the everyday, it does provide a groundless distance from it which can be exploited, if at all, aesthetically," though it is a negative aesthetic (54).
		In response to this, Kracauer says, "where beauty is chosen as an aim without further consequences, all that remains is its empty shell" (54).
	www.bsu.edu /world2000/research/zabel/427_Kracauer_summary.htm (1154 words)

	The 3Cities Project: Conferences / Nottingham / Douglas Tallack Waiting, Waiting essay
		It is quite fitting that Kracauer should have made for the United States when he was fleeing from Germany in the early 1940s because the hotel lobby is just one of a number of modern spaces which figure often, and in illuminating ways, in American popular culture, notably film and detective fiction.
		Kracauer's "The Hotel Lobby" is part of a study of the detective novel and, impressionistically at least, the hotel lobby does seem to appear "repeatedly in detective novels".
		Kracauer’s metaphysics of the lobby bears upon the themes of surveillance but also loss and alienation played out in the downtown settings of the American tough detective story from Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler onwards, a tradition with which there seems to have been cross-fertilization with Edward Hopper’s work.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /3cities/tallack1.htm (7221 words)

	Artforum International: Mass confusion: Dagmar Barnouw on Siegfried Kra... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Whereas Benjamin was a marginal figure in Weimar culture, Kracauer was temporarily at its center: a successful highbrow journalist, the feuilleton editor of the influential liberal daily Frankfurter Zeitung, he was both sympathetic to and skeptical of the Hegelian-Marxian vanguard project of Ernst Bloch, Lukacs, Benjamin, and Adorno.
		Kracauer stated explicitly that his critical observation of urban masses was aimed at understanding rather than rejection.
		Kracauer's problematic distinction between ratio and reason anticipates the Frankfurters' equally problematic Schopenhauerian distinction between "instrumental" and "critical" reason; and in this essay he is indeed closest to their position and also seemingly most uncomfortable with it.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:133644391&... (1297 words)

	The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany
		First published in 1930, Siegfried Kracauer's work was greeted with great acclaim and soon attained the status of a classic.
		In the process, Kracauer succeeds in writing not just a prescient account of the decline days of the Weimar Republic, but also a path-breaking exercise in the sociology of culture which has sharp relevance for today.
		Siegfried Kracauer (1889–1996) was one of Germany's leading cultural commentators and essayists.
	www.versobooks.com /books/klm/k-titles/kracauer_weimar.shtml (184 words)

	Institut für Sozialforschung Frankfurt am Main
		The research is concerned to explore the works of the German-Jewish social and cultural theorist Siegfried Kracauer (1889-1966), focusing on his writings on film, totalitarian propaganda and other forms of political communication.
		Kracauer is widely regarded as one of the most original cultural theorists of the twentieth century.
		My concern is to show that Kracauer offers a highly insightful account of the manifold and complex relationships between politics, mass culture and the media in modern society.
	www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de /forschung/medienkritik/kangenglisch.htm (226 words)

	Koch, G.; Gaines, J., trans.: Siegfried Kracauer: An Introduction.
		Siegfried Kracauer has been misunderstood as a naïve realist, appreciated as an astute critic of early German film, and noticed as the interesting exile who exchanged letters with Erwin Panofsky.
		Recently, however, scholars have rediscovered in Kracauer's writings a philosopher, sociologist, and film theorist important beyond his associations--and perhaps one of the most significant cultural critics of the twentieth century.
		Koch's analysis, which is concise without sacrificing thoroughness or sophistication, covers both Kracauer's best-known publications (e.g., From Caligari to Hitler, in which he gleans the roots of National Socialism in the films of the Weimar Republic) and previously underexamined texts, including two newly discovered autobiographical novels.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/6852.html (571 words)

	Reconstruction 5.2 (Spring 2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the earliest phase of Kracauer’s writing in the 20s and early 30s, when his utopian hope for the ability of film to change society was confronted with the increasingly disillusioning political reality of the Weimar Republic, he wrote of film as language in the sense of an “Esperanto of the eye” (Kracauer 1931).
		By 1960, Kracauer had effectively aligned “film language” as the technical properties of the medium with an essential pair of negatives: the formalist tendency manifested by the high-cultured theatre films he had always abhorred and the Russian (read that Communist) practice of the montage principle.
		Kracauer’s writing is thus also representative of another aspect of early film theory that begs to be re-historicized and re-contextualized: its political and ideological implication in its socio-cultural context.
	www.reconstruction.ws /052/rheindorf.shtml (6230 words)

	:: Open Journal :: » Blog Archive » An Eye On The City: The Detective Figure in Benjamin, Kracauer and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kracauer's slippery logic reflects the disordering of space begun in the arcades and accelerated on film.
		Kracauer follows this same method, but because he makes it to America alive, he also stands from an exiled position in triumphant post-war America looking back upon the lost promise, the disappointment and tragedy of inter-war Berlin.
		For Kracauer, a similar shock is required but is located in the politics of distraction: the masses must be made aware of the quality of their lives by witnessing the madness of their own distraction and the abyss that it conceals.
	open.touchbasic.com /journal?p=8 (6409 words)

	Harvard University Press/The Mass Ornament
		Siegfried Kracauer was one of the twentieth century's most brilliant cultural critics, a daring and prolific scholar, and an incisive theorist of film.
		For Kracauer, the most revelatory facets of modern life in the West lie on the surface, in the ephemeral and the marginal.
		With these essays, written in the 1920s and early 1930s and edited by the author in 1963, Kracauer was the first to demonstrate that studying the everyday world of the masses can bring great rewards.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/KRAMAS.html (343 words)

	KRACAUER, Siegfried
		Siegfried Kracauer und das Denken der zwanziger Jahre, in: National-Zeitung vom 26.
		Zum Widerstreit von Erfahrung und Theorie bei Siegfried Kracauer, in: Rundfunk und Fernsehen 36 (1988), 465-483; - Siegfried Kracauer 1889-1966.
		Siegfried Kracauer, die Aktualisierung des Marxismus und das Institut für Sozialforschung, in: Ebd., 285-295; - Walter Benjamin 1892-1940.
	www.bautz.de /bbkl/k/kracauer_s.shtml (8266 words)

	Jungle World 03/2001
		Siegfried Kracauer hat in seinem letzten Werk »Geschichte - Vor den letzten Dingen« (17), das er selbst nicht mehr fertigstellen konnte, den Begriff des Erinnerungsdepots verwendet, was der reservierten Erinnerung sehr verwandt scheint.
		Kracauer hegt gegenüber der Universalgeschichtsschreibung und der Globalgeschichte größtes Misstrauen: »Ich fürchte, die Idee von Universalgeschichte ist eine Fata Morgana, eine Schimäre, die uns narrt...
		Siegfried Kracauer sah in der unmöglichen Suche nach verborgenen Gerechten eines der erregendsten Abenteuer der Geschichte: »Einer alten jüdischen Legende zufolge gibt es in jeder Generation 36 Gerechte, die die Welt aufrecht erhalten.
	www.nadir.org /nadir/periodika/jungle_world/_2001/03/15a.htm (4596 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer - Siegfried Kracauer: Werke in neun Bänden - Perlentaucher.de, Kultur und Literatur Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Es gärt in Kracauer, das sagt er selbst, eine eigene Philosophie, gefunden aber hat er sie, zwischen seinem Lehrer Georg Simmel und transzendentaler Obdachlosigkeit, noch nicht.
		Kracauer erweise sich darin nicht etwa als Adept der Kritischen Theorie, der er meist "als Denker der zweiten Reihe", so Konersmann, zugeschlagen werde, sondern als Bewunderer des Kulturphilosophen Georg Simmel.
		Kracauer erhebt Simmel zum Vorbild wie Gegenstand zugleich, resümiert der Rezensent, der die Meinung vertritt, Kracauers Kritik an Simmels philosophischer Urteilsenthaltung sei nicht als Distanzierung zu verstehen.
	www.perlentaucher.de /buch/17523.html (735 words)

	Siegfried Kracauer bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Siegfried Kracauer (February 8, 1889 - November 26, 1966) was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, fled from Nazi Germany, and died in New York.
		Became well known for the work "From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film," (1947) which traces the birth of National Socialism from the cinema of the Weimar Republic as well as helping lay the foundation of modern film criticism.
		Cigarette Cards were issued by tobacco manufacturers both to protect the cigarettes by stiffening the pack, and also to gain customer loyalty to their particular brand of cigarettes.
	www.elexi.de /en/s/si/siegfried_kracauer.html (303 words)

	Du Cinéma et des Restes Urbains - Cinema and Urban Remains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However parallel in time Kracauer's analytical and theoretical development of these fields of enquiry may be, the question still remains to what extent and how Kracauer's reflections on cinema are based in urban experience - and vice versa.
		The paper shall delve into the particular ways of representing the street (or street experience) to be found in Kracauer's urban essays on the one hand side and in his cinema reviews and theoretical essays on the other.
		In this way, Kracauer's writings from a crucial and formative period in the development of urban and cinematographic discourses may help us single out links but also non-identities in a modernity that stages an intense and utmost mediated relationship between movies and metropolis.
	www.er.uqam.ca /nobel/res837/files/reeh.htm (521 words)

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