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Topic: Sienese School

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	SIENA - LoveToKnow Article on SIENA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thanks to all these architectural treasures, the narrow Sienese streets with their many windings and steep ascents are full of picturesque charm, and,,together with the collections of excellent paintings, foster the local pride of the inhabitants and preserve their taste and feeling for art.
		The gathering exasperation of the Sienese, and notably of the middle class, against their rulers was brought to a climax by this cruel disappointment.
		The Sienese school of painting owes its origin to the influence of Byzantine art; but it improved that art, impressed it with a special stamp and was for long independent of all other influences.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SI/SIENA.htm (7709 words)

	Painter/Artist: Martini Simone (1284?-1344)
		One of the most original and influential painters of the fourteenth-century Sienese school, His art owes most to Duccio though there is no evidence that he was Duccio's pupil.
		In 1320 he painted a polyptych for the church of St. Catherine at Pisa (a major part of it is preserved in the Municipal Gallery and the Seminario) and a Madonna and Saints for the cathedral of Orvieto (now in the Opera del Duomo).
		He introduced the fresco technique into the Sienese school, but his own frescoes have suffered from the fact that he painted or retouched many portions a secco (i.e., on a dry surface) instead of in true fresco on wet plaster.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles04/article1434.shtml (608 words)

	Academy - Venice
		The school of Florence, the school of Siena early produced each a great master who not only decided the future of painting in both those cities, but in a very real sense summed up in his own achievement what that future was to be.
		When we speak of the Venetian school, then, we mean, in a very precise way, the school of Venice the painters which Venice produced or, at least, made essentially her own, all of whom were born within her dominion.
		That this great school was, in fact, to be a national school does not become evident till it was firmly established in the fifteenth century by the Bellini.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles30/venetia-7.shtml (4565 words)

	Matteo da Sienna
		In the fourteenth century the masters of the Sienese school rivalled the Florentine painters; in the fifteenth, the former school, resisting the progress achieved at Florence, allowed itself to be outstripped by its rival.
		Although in this period it gives the impression of a superannuated art, Sienese painting still charms with its surviving line traditional qualities -- its sincerity of feeling, the refined grace of its figures, its attention to minutiae of dress and of architectural background, and its fascinating frankness of execution.
		Of these qualities Matteo has his share, but he is furthermore dlstinguished by the dignity of his female figures, the gracious presence of his angels, and the harmony of a colour scheme at once rich and brilliant.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/matteo_da_sienna.html (489 words)

	IL SODOMA - LoveToKnow Article on IL SODOMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hence he was invited to Rome by the celebrated Sienese merchant Agostino Chigi, and was employed by Pope Julius II.
		Modern criticism follows Morelli in supposing that Raphael painted Bazzis portrait in The School of Athens; and a drawing at Christ Church is supposed to be a portrait of Raphael by Bazzi.
		In S. Domenico, in the chapel of St Catherine of Siena, are two frescoes painted in 1526, showing Catherine in ecstasy, and fainting as she is about to receive the Eucharist from an angela beautiful and pathetic treatment.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SO/SODOMA_IL.htm (1003 words)

	MEGA - Firenze
		The strength of the silver currency on which the Sienese bankers based their wealth was beyond dispute until 1252, when Florence coined her first gold Florin and thus weakened all the other European monetary systems and coinage.
		International trade organizations soon threatened the Sienese economy, the government began to topple and the damage was completed by the unexpected arrival of the plague, the "Black Death", with its terrifying toll of lives - as many as 65.000 victims in the summer of 1348 alone, among them the Lorenzetti brothers, Ambrogio and Pietro.
		Siena remained a rich city and the workshops of painters, sculptors and architects continued to add to her beauty for at least another century but her fate was sealed and her slow decline was accompanied by a crystallization of forms and traditions.
	www.mega.it /chiavi.oro/articol/eguido.htm (1512 words)

	Tuscany 2000: Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Sienese people are fiercely proud, staunchly maintaining their traditions in spite of the 20th century and its tourist invasions.
		In 1176 the Florentines seized Brolio from the Sienese and for the next 400 years the castle was the scene and chief protagonist in the struggle between the two Republics.
		With the attack of the Sienese and Aragonese armies from Naples, Brolio was destroyed in 1478.
	www.utoronto.ca /imaging/cme/iiw/iiw/2000/tour.htm (3432 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Sano di Pietro (1406-1481)
		The most renowned representatives of the Renaissance in Siena are Baldassare Peruzzi, better known as the architect of the Basilica of San Pietro,; Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, and Il Sodoma (1477-1549), a rival of Raphael.
		In the nineteenth century Paolo Franchi founded a school of painters closely related to the "Nazarenes" (a group of German painters of the early nineteenth century, who imitated the Italians of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries); the chapel of the Istituto di Santa Teresa gives a good idea of their art.
		Scattered through the interior of the cathedral are statues of Sienese popes and the tombs of the bishops of Siena.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=720 (1107 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Duccio di Buoninsegna
		Painter, and founder of the Sienese School, b.
		He preceded Giotto by a score of years and had the honour of founding an original Sienese school at a time when there were as yet no painters in Florence: since, in 1285, it was to him that the Florentines had to have recourse.
		And the most magnificent work of the Sienese School, the "Maest..." by Simone di Martino, in the Palazzo Pubblico (1315) is but an enlargement of Duccio's.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05181c.htm (902 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1555 with the fall of Siena to Florence the Sienese nobles were given refuge within the walls of Montalcino.
		On display are paintings by anonymous masters of the Sienese School from the 12th and 13th centuries.
		Recognized masters of the Sienese School such as Luca di Tomme and Bartolo di Fredi are represented by their masterpieces "Descent from the Cross" and "Crowning of the Virgin".
	www.montalcinoitaly.com /histpageng.htm (742 words)

	Ruskin MP I Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Angelico's large figures are 'deficient in correctness of drawing; the artist was still a stranger to the accurate study of living form - a deficiency less observable in his smaller works (Kugler, ed.
		Angelico is categorised as a member of the Sienese School, and that has some validity, but the reference to Sienese influence is superficial, and again ignores issues of purpose and context: 'Of Fiesole's [i.e.
		Angelico's] education as an artist nothing certain is known; some peculiarities in his mode of colouring, particularly the greenish under-tint of the carnation, betray the influence of the Sienese school (Kugler, ed.
	www.comp.lancs.ac.uk /computing/users/rgg/ruskin/Results/notes/bangeli02.htm (288 words)

	Travelocity.com: Destination Guides: Florence
		On the left is Duccio's Rucellai Maestà (1285), painted by the master who studied with Cimabue and eventually founded the Sienese school of painting.
		Note that Mary, who in so much art both before and after this period is depicted as meekly accepting her divine duty, looks reluctant, even disgusted, at the news of her imminent Immaculate Conception.
		Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti helped revolutionize Sienese art and the Sienese school before succumbing to the Black Death in 1348.
	leisure.southwest.travelpn.com /DestGuides/0,1840,TRAVELOCITY\|2137\|\|\|0051020029\|F\|N,00.html (3026 words)

	Sano di Pietro - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Sano was one of the most prolific and successful Sienese painters, the head of a workshop that satisfied the demands of civic and religious institutions in the city as well as those of private devotion.
		Although in 1428 he was already listed in the guild of Sienese painters, his work is well documented in its various stages only from 1444 (Gesuati polyptych) until his year of death (Pietà, Monte dei Paschi collection in Siena, 1481), whereas the question of his early activity is still open for discussion.
		Esteemed in the nineteenth century literature as a sort of Fra Angelico of Sienese painting[1] and considered by some a typical representative of Sienese quattrocento mysticism,[2] Sano is much less appreciated by twentieth-century criticism.
	www.bonus.com /contour/national_gallery/http@@/www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?27650 (470 words)

	Sienese School Art - Artists, Artworks and Biographies
		The Sienese School of painting originated in Italy in the 13th century and lasted until the 15th century.
		More conservative than the Florentine School, it drew upon the decoration and elegance of late Gothic art.
		Later significant additions to the Sienese School were Mannerist painters, Beccafumi and Sodoma.
	www.wwar.com /masters/movements/sienese_school.html (99 words)

	Famous Artists of Siena
		Duccio di Buoninsegna (1255-1319), was the first great Sienese painter, and he is to the Sienese School, what Giotto was to the Florentine.
		He was the true founder of the Sienese school, with a style influenced by French Gothic and inspired by oriental and Byzantine elements.
		Simone Martini (1284-1344), a Sienese painter, the pupil of Duccio, who developed the use of outline for the sake of linear rythm, as well as the sophisticated colour harmonies implicit in Duccio.
	www.aboutsiena.com /famous-artists-of-Siena.html (286 words)

	The city on a hill - and on a crayon \| csmonitor.com
		Fierce pride in all things Sienese and a passionate love for their beautiful city have always been characteristic of the city's inhabitants.
		A hospital since the 800s, it opened to the public as an exhibition space in the 1990s, and is well worth a visit for its medieval interior and frescoes.
		The other required stop is the museum in the Palazzo Pubblico, especially the Sala del Mappamondo frescoed by the Sienese master Simone Martini, and the next room, decorated with scenes of good and bad government according to Sienese philosophy.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0129/p15s01-altr.htm (1498 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1318, Siena?), one of the greatest Italian painters of the Middle Ages and the founder of the Sienese school.
		In Duccio's art the formality of the Italo-Byzantine tradition, strengthened by a clearer understanding of its evolution from classical roots, is fused with the new spirituality of the Gothic style.
		A remarkable succession of altarpieces by Sienese painters testifies to the simultaneous work of a number of artists, some of whom possessed quite distinct personalities.
	emsh.calarts.edu /alumni/bkeresey/duccio.html (1619 words)

	A2Z Languages: Siena, Italy - Sites of Interest
		It is one of the most important works of the Sienese school.
		The statues of philosophers and prophets in the lower sections are copies of Giovanni Pisano's work, the originals being preserved in the adjacent Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana.
		The museum displays works of art mostly from the church, including some famous masterpieces from the Tuscan and Sienese schools of the 13th and 15th centuries.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Italy/Siena/si_sites.htm (741 words)

	Italy > Tuscany > Pienza travel guide, Pienza tourist information guide.
		In its eleven rooms, it preserves many works of the Sienese school of painting by P.Lorenzetti, Bartolo di Fredi, Vecchietta and Luca Signorelli.
		It also exhibits illuminated manuscripts by Sano di Pietro, Flemish tapestries, silverware and finally the cape of PIO II, an extraordinary example of quality and richness of particulars.
		Outside of the historical center of Pienza is the Romanesque parish church characterised by a cylindric tower and a fortress decorated with mythological and fantastic themes.
	www.sienaquietvilla.net /guidapienza.htm (498 words)

	The Cathedral - Grosseto On Line
		The group located in the tympanum of the side door is a 1897 addition by the Sienese sculptor Maccari; it was inspired from a work by Giovanni D'Agostino.
		On the right pilaster is a coloured stucco (15th century) in the Sienese School manner, representing the Holy Mother and Child.
		The expressive crucifix (15th century) from the Sienese School, was donated by the deacon Giuliano Cesarini, bishop of Grosseto in 1439.
	www.gol.grosseto.it /puam/comgr/turismo/cattedrale.php?l=en (667 words)

	Capalbio - Tuscany - Welcome to Italy
		The village is surrounded by walls that can be walked all around as at their top they have the so-called "patrol communication-trenches".
		The historical centre can be reached through two entrances: the first is the Sienese gate which still preserves its 15th-century wooden shutters and locks.
		The chapels on the right host valuable frescoes of the 14th century Umbrian school, while the chapels on the left host frescoes of the 13th century Sienese school.
	www.emmeti.it /Welcome/Toscana/Maremma/Capalbio/capalbio4.uk.html (294 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (c. 1305-c. 1348)
		He was the pupil of Simone di Martino, some of whose formulÃ¦ he has preserved faithfully; but he was profoundly influenced by Giotto.
		Fondness for this sort of picture is in part the cause of our liking for the creations of the Dutch school; it cannot even be said that details of this kind may not be impressive as is seen in Veronese's Marriage at Cana.
		We see dances, banquets, children at school, weddings, some peasants leading their asses to market while others are tilling the ground; in the distance is a port whence vessels are sailing away.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=722 (1347 words)

	Pinacoteca Nazionale \| Museum/Attraction Review \| Siena \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It's laid out more or less chronologically starting on the second floor, though the museum is constantly rearranging (especially the last bits), and there are rumors that all the collections will eventually be moved to the Ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala.
		Room 1 contains the first definite work of the Sienese school, a 1215 altar frontal by the "Maestro di Teresa," and one of the earliest known paintings on canvas, Guido da Siena's Scenes from the Life of Christ (late 1200s).
		In the atrium corridor are some 14th-century Sienese and Florentine works, then rooms 13 to 19 feature 15th-century Sienese paintings by the likes of Giovanni di Paolo, including a 1440 Crucifixion and two of the Presentation at the Temple.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/siena/A21131.html (571 words)

	percorsi turistici e culturali in terra d'Arezzo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During the middle ages it passed first under Siena, then Perugia and after 1370 it was dominated by the Sienese again until 1554, when it became part of the Florentine Duchy.
		On the high altar rests a large Sienese polyptych representing the Virgin with Child and Saints whilst the right hand side of the transept is frescoed with several histories of San Francesco and other Saints by Taddeo di Bartolo and Bartolo di Fredi.
		This castle, at the beginning was a Ghibelline town and part of the feud of the bischops of Arezzo until 1383, then it passed under Naples in 1542 and finally it was conquered again in 1453 by the Florentines, who fortified it by building a second wal in 1480.
	www.arezzonotizie.it /Rubriche/Dintorni/valdichiana1_uk.asp (1340 words)

	Coimbra Group General Assembly - Siena 14 - 16 April, 2004 - University of Siena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Chigiana Music Academy was founded in 1932 by the Count Guido Chigi Saracini, last descendent from the famous Sienese family.
		The Academy is housed in the gothic residence set in the city centre nearby the Cathedral.
		During the summer the Academy organizes high level courses for musicians and performances are organized in the historical music hall.
	www.unisi.it /coimbragroup2004/chigiana.htm (84 words)

	Italy Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		At this time many buildings were created in Sienese Gothic style, giving this town its distinctive style.
		Its many reddish-brown buildings gave the world 'burnt sienna,' and a thriving cultural scene was dubbed the Sienese school in the 13th and 14th centuries.
		Disclaimer: We've tried to make the information on this web site as accurate as possible, but it is provided 'as is' and we accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by anyone resulting from this information.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/europe/italy?att=44181 (154 words)

	CGFA- Bio: Simone Martini
		Simone Martini was an Italian painter who was one of the most original and influential artists of the Sienese school.
		Simone was born in Siena, and building on the techniques for indicating three-dimensional space developed by the Sienese master Duccio di Buoninsegna, he added a refined contour of line, grace of expression, and serenity of mood.
		Among his works are Saint John the Baptist (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.) and The Annunciation (1333, Galleria degli Uffizi Gallery, Florence), considered one of the greatest achievements of the Sienese school.
	www.cab.u-szeged.hu /cgfa/martini/martini_bio.htm (191 words)

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