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Topic: Sierra Leone Civil War

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	Sierra Leone: A Call for Justice (2001)
		On July 7, 1999 the government of Sierra Leone and rebels signed a peace agreement brokered by the United Nations, Organization of African Unity (OAU), and ECOWAS, committed the RUF to lay down its arms in exchange for representation in a new government.
		International war crimes of the worst type were routinely and systematically committed against Sierra Leoneans of all ages.
		Sierra Leone's human rights emergency provoked wide condemnation from the international community and served to galvanize diplomatic efforts to bring about a negotiated solution to the eight-year civil war.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/sleone (800 words)

	Sierra Leone (04/08)
		Sierra Leone is a republic with an executive president and a multi-party system of government with a 124-seat parliament (112 elected members and 12 paramount chiefs).
		Sierra Leone continues to rely on significant amounts of foreign assistance, principally from multilateral donors.
		Sierra Leone is a member of the UN and its specialized agencies, the Commonwealth, the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Mano River Union (MRU), the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5475.htm (4408 words)

	AFROL background - The civil war in Sierra Leone
		Before the outbreak of war, corruption and mismanagement in the diamond sector was one of the main reasons why Sierra Leone became, according to UN figures, the poorest country in the world.
		Sierra Leone academics argue that the RUF originally had a legitimate political pedigree based on student-led opposition to the repressive and corrupt one-party regime of Siaka Stevens (1968-85).
		In the renewed civil war the concern is that more children will be recruited, and if the conflict continues for much longer, the government's shaky war coalition could collapse and the poorly supplied government forces turn again to banditry against the civilian population.
	www.afrol.com /News/sil007_civil_war.htm (2357 words)

	Sierra Leone — Infoplease.com
		Sierra Leone, on the Atlantic Ocean in West Africa, is half the size of Illinois.
		The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the land and gave Sierra Leone its name, which means “lion mountains.” Freetown, on the coast, was ceded to English settlers in 1787 as a home for fls discharged from the British armed forces and also for runaway slaves who had found asylum in London.
		Cannibals in the postcolony: Sierra Leone's intersecting hegemonies in Charlie Haffner's Slave Revolt Drama Amistad Kata-Kata.(Critical......
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107959.html (1122 words)

	Sierra Leone Web - Lome Peace Accord
		Given that women have been particularly victimized during the war, special attention shall be accorded to their needs and potentials in formulating and implementing national rehabilitation, reconstruction and development programmes, to enable them to play a central role in the moral, social and physical reconstruction of Sierra Leone.
		The Government of Sierra Leone (GOSL) and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF/SL) have agreed to implement as soon as possible the provision of the Cease-fire Agreement which was signed on 18 May 1999 in Lome, relating to the immediate release of prisoners of war and non-combatants.
		Both the Government of Sierra Leone and the Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone decided that such a Committee be established by the UN and chaired by the UN Chief Military Observer in Sierra Leone and comprising representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), UNICEF and other relevant UN Agencies and NGOs.
	www.sierra-leone.org /lomeaccord.html (6206 words)

	Online NewsHour -- Sierra Leone
		Sierra Leone's ambassador to the UN and a journalist discussed the difficult mission.
		Update: A U.N.-backed war crimes court in Sierra Leone on Wednesday indicted Charles Taylor, president of neighboring Liberia, charging him with "bearing the greatest responsibility" for Sierra Leone's brutal 10-year civil war.
		Update: Prosecutors in a special United Nations court in Sierra Leone charge seven people, including a chief rebel leader and a former cabinet minister, with participating in the mass slaughter that killed an estimated 20,000 people during the West African nation's brutal 10-year civil war.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/africa/sierra_leone/home.html (510 words)

	CNN - Program aims to heal psyches of war-ravaged children - July 20, 1996
		SIERRA LEONE, Africa (CNN) -- The ongoing civil unrest in Sierra Leone has created thousands of victims.
		Children Associated With War tackles the traumas of youngsters who have lost family members in the bloodshed or who -- despite their ages -- are being used as soldiers in the conflict.
		The civil war has been marked by savage attacks on civilians, including reports of mutilations.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9607/20/sierra.leone (412 words)

	American RadioWorks: With This Ring - Reporter's Notebook - Sierra Leone's Civil War
		The most heartbreaking sign of the war is the sight of people maneuvering through the rutted streets on crutches or in rickety wheelchairs.
		After a decade of war, the country sometimes seems just a collection of camps run by international aid groups — camps for internally displaced people, camps for amputees, camps for children who've been released or have run away from the rebels.
		The hope here is in the great number of people in Sierra Leone who are looking forward to again having a job or working a piece of land, who want justice but are also quite willing to forgive.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/diamonds/snotebook.html (714 words)

	Sierra Leone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.
		Much of Sierra Leone's coastline consists of mangrove swamps, with the exception of the peninsula on which the capital city Freetown is located.
		Sierra Leone is the worst nation in the world for childbirth, having the highest Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), or risk of maternal death, of any country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sierra_Leone (1675 words)

	UNFPA: News
		MASIAKA, Sierra Leone — For Mariama Bangura, the peace that followed a decade of bloody civil war in Sierra Leone was almost as devastating as the conflict itself.
		Many of the young women who survived the civil war in Sierra Leone suffered sexual abuse during the war or were kept as ‘bush wives’ and dragged across the country as the war fronts shifted.
		Although Sierra Leone has only a 5 per cent HIV prevalence rate, conditions are ripe for transmission of the virus.
	www.unfpa.org /news/news.cfm?ID=783 (840 words)

	SIERRA LEONE: Civil society criticises ''vague'' government plan for post-war re Liberian Online - Liberia Portal
		The TRC investigated atrocities committed during Sierra Leone’s civil war, which became notorious for the rebels’ trademark practice of hacking off the limbs of captured civilians.
		Sierra Leone’s Attorney General Frederick Carew said on Wednesday the government remained open to civil groups’ input on the government strategy.
		Representatives of Sierra Leonean human rights groups are scheduled to meet on Wednesday with UN Human Rights Commissioner Louise Arbour, when she arrives in Sierra Leone as part of a West African tour that has included Cote d’Ivoire and Liberia.
	www.liberianonline.com /liberia-news554.html (1302 words)

	Scotsman.com News - International - War crimes trial targets 'heroes' of Sierra Leone (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Three leaders of the Kamajors, an army of tribal hunters, face war crimes charges for killing, looting and terrorising the civilian population and for the use of child soldiers.
		The £60m court, paid for mostly by US and British taxpayers, has the shape of the scales of justice, symbolising Sierra Leone’s "determination to solve problems by the force of argument and not by the force of arms", according to British judge Geoffrey Robertson, the court’s first president.
		Yet many in Sierra Leone, particularly in the diamond-rich east and coastal south, consider the CDF and especially Norman, to be heroes for having liberated Sierra Leone from the rebels.
	news.scotsman.com /international.cfm?id=614642004 (1025 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: Court Indicts Seven for War Crimes in Sierra Leone
		Prosecutors in a special United Nations court in Sierra Leone on Monday charged seven people, including a chief rebel leader and a former cabinet minister, with participating in the mass slaughter that killed an estimated 20,000 people during the West African nation's brutal 10-year civil war.
		Sierra Leone's civil war began in 1991 after Sankoh's RUF, backed by neighboring Liberia, fought the government for control of the diamond trade, which in turn fueled weapons purchases.
		Sierra Leone's war crimes court, made up of local and international judges and prosecutors, was established to "prosecute those who bear the greatest responsibility for the tragedy that took place here in Sierra Leone over the past ten years," Crane said.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/sierra_03-10-03.html (401 words)

	African Studies Center \| Sierra Leone Page
		On 22 October 1999, the Security Council established UNAMSIL (United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone) to cooperate with the Government and the other parties in implementing the Lome Peace Agreement and to assist in the implementation of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration plan.
		On 27th March, 1963, the Bank of Sierra Leone Act became law and the Bank began operation on 4th August, 1964, the day Sierra Leone changed to the decimal system of currency.
		The Center for Media, Technology and Education (C-MET) is an NGO established in Freetown in June 2000 with a mission to build Sierra Leone's media capacity through training and education in new technologies and human rights awareness.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /African_Studies/Country_Specific/S_Leone.html (435 words)

	Special Court for Sierra Leone - Global Policy Forum - International Justice (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The official statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone describes all the applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the tribunal, including the doctrine of concurrent jurisdiction, in which the Special Court shares judicial power with the national courts of Sierra Leone.
		The Special Court for Sierra Leone rejected a claim by former Deputy Defense Minister Hinga Norman, ruling that recruitment of child soldiers was a war crime under international law at the time of the country’s civil war.
		Some Sierra Leoneans fear that the Special Court for Sierra Leone might become a “flashpoint for renewed hostilities,” questioning the effectiveness of a war crimes court in a society engaged in the process of rehabilitation and reconciliation.
	www.globalpolicy.org /intljustice/sierraindx.htm (2869 words)

	Sierra Leone - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		The civil war in neighboring Liberia complicates the Sierra Leone conflict.
		Occasional RUF incursions and flows of refugees, fleeing the civil war in Liberia, pose a threat to the peace in Sierra Leone and undermine UNAMSIL’s efforts to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate the RUF.
		Sierra Leone's war crimes tribunal indicted the most notorious of the rebel leaders in the country, Foday Sankoh.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/slindex.htm (2469 words)

	Case Study
		Over the last decade the war in Sierra Leone caused the death of 75,000 people and forced over half of the country's population to leave their homes.
		The government of Sierra Leone overwhelmed by a crumbling economy and a corrupt government was unable to put up a significant resistance.
		The UN force was tasked with enforcing the peace agreement, the Lome accord, signed between the Sierra Leone government and the RUF on July 7.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/diamond.htm (2829 words)

	afrol News - Sierra Leone war crimes court lacking funds
		The US-based group Human Rights Watch today warns that the Sierra Leonean war crimes court is \"impeded by lack of funds.\" The UN-backed court desperately needs funding to ensure justice for victims of atrocities committed during the country\'s 11-year civil war, the group said in a report issued today.
		Created through an agreement between the UN and the Sierra Leonean government, the Special Court is said to represent a significant new international justice model, often referred to as a \"mixed\" or \"hybrid\" tribunal.
		Furthermore, the absence from the court of former Liberian President Taylor - who is charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity for his role in contributing to the death, rape, abduction, and mutilation of thousands of civilians during Sierra Leone\'s civil war - threatened to \"undermine the court\'s accomplishments,\" the US group claimed.
	www.afrol.com /articles/13915 (814 words)

	Sierra Leone Civil War, 1991-
		Civil war erupted in Liberia to the south and the chaos soon spread to Sierra Leone in 1991 as the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), closely linked to Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), sought control of Sierra Leone's rich diamond mines and overthrow of the government.
		Sierra Leone Civil War, 1991-1996, by Ralph Zuljan (OnWar.Com)
		The Nigerian Contingent at UNAMSIL, Sierra Leone, by Nowa Omoigui
	www.regiments.org /wars/20thcent/91sierra.htm (1355 words)

	Sierra Leone Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The colonial history of Sierra Leone was not placid.
		According to Sierra Leonean writer Abdul Koroma, the rebels were quick to demonstrate their brutality, decapitating community leaders and putting their heads on stakes.
		Within a few hours, Stevens and Margai were placed under house arrest by Brigadier David Lansana, the Commander of the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Forces (RSLMF), on grounds that the determination of office should await the election of the tribal representatives to the house.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War (1955 words)

	Sierra Leone Blog: After civil war, Sierra Leone is rebranded as a holiday paradise
		Thirty years after Sierra Leone's beaches first featured in a television advert that linked chocolate coconut bars with the search for paradise, the country is set for a tourist revival.
		For the people of Sierra Leone, who have endured a brutal 11-year civil war and raging poverty that once made it the poorest place on earth, the arrival of holidaymakers cannot come soon enough.
		Three years ago it seemed unthinkable that Sierra Leone would ever be able to move on from its troubled past.
	blogs.visitsierraleone.org /2006/01/after-civil-war-sierra-leone-is.html (682 words)

	OAKS - Overseas Aid for the kids of Sierra Leone
		Sierra Leone is today a nation of orphans, amputees and war widows.
		They are the victims of a brutal ten-year civil war that displaced more than a million of the country's almost five million residents.
		Sierra Leone, its people, and its children are entirely dependent upon the good will and generosity of the international community.
	www.oaks-sl.org (295 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| RPCV Marian L. Murrah says Sierra Leone's civil war has bathed diamonds in blood
		Sierra Leone's civil war has bathed diamonds in blood by Marian L. Murrah, RPCV Sierra Leone
		Having lived and worked in Sierra Leone, West Africa as a peace corps volunteer back in the 70s, I have a special interest in the bloody civil war that has been going on for the past 10 years.
		People are still dying from disease and famine and inadequate living and working conditions in completely unsanitary, falling apart buildings which haven't been fixed AT ALL even though the civil war has been inactive for over two years while rebel groups and twisted billionaire businessmen are relishing their bloodsoaked cash.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/467/2882.html (917 words)

	Sierra Leone war crimes: Women speak out against sexual violence (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Created out of Sierra Leone's peace process, the commission was mandated to establish an impartial record of the abuses that occurred in the war, as a step towards achieving national reconciliation.
		The Kenyan women's rights advocate worked closely with UNIFEM in highlighting the issue in Sierra Leone, as she had in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.
		The Sierra Leone civil war was known internationally for its horrific atrocities -- especially the widespread amputations of villagers' limbs.
	www.un.org /ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no4/184sierraleone.htm (1758 words)

	Sierra Leone: Amnesty International's Human Rights Concerns
		Stability and security have increased in Sierra Leone since 2002 with the end of the country’s decade-long war.
		The court prosecuter read out the 11 charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity facing Charles Taylor due to his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war of the 1990s.
		Sierra Leone: Special Court for Sierra Leone: Issues for consideration regarding the location of the trial of Charles Taylor
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/sierra_leone/index.do (382 words)

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