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Topic: Sigismund I of Poland

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	Sigismund II of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund II Augustus (1520-1572), Polish: Zygmunt II August, was the only son of Sigismund I the Old., King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom he succeeded in 1548, and Bona Sforza.
		The third bride was sickly and unsympathetic, and from her Sigismund soon lost all hope of progeny, to his despair, for being the last male of the Jagiellos in the direct line, the dynasty was threatened with extinction.
		Sigismund's reign was a period of internal turmoil and external expansion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_II_of_Poland (831 words)

	Sigismund I of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund I the Old (1467-1548), Polish: Zygmunt I Stary, fifth ruler of the Jagiellonian dynasty, reigned as king of Poland from 1506 until his death.
		In return for Maximilian lending weight to the provisions of the 2nd Peace of Thorn, Sigismund consented to the marriage of the children of Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, his brother, to the grandchildren of Maximilian.
		Sigismund I's eldest daughter Jadwiga (1513-1573) married Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_I_of_Poland (497 words)

	SIGISMUND III OF POLAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sigismund, supported by Zamoyski and wife of the former king Anna_the_Jagiellonian was elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commnwealth on 19_August 1587 and recognized by the interrex, primate_of_Poland StanisÅaw_Karnkowski.
		Sigismund however did not relinquish his claims to the Swedish throne and his subsequent foreign policy was aimed at regaining the Swedish crown, which led to very harsh relations and several wars between the two countries, to end only after the Great_Northern_War.
		Sigismund was a talented painter and goldsmith: of his three paintings that survive until the present day one was through centuries erroneously attributed to Tintoretto; from his workshop came the main part of the famous silver coffin of St._Adalbert_of_Prague at the Cathedral in Gniezno.
	www.witwib.com /Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1455 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poland revolted from the empire, and the Polish Church began a reform in accordance with Gregory's decrees.
		Poland's power at that time was so great that the Russian boyars requested a Polish prince, the son of Sigismund III, to be their ruler; but the king refused his consent.
		The Church of Poland took part, it is true, in the Synod of Constance, at which Hus was burnt, but had not the strength to oppose effectively the reactionary tendency of the nobility, which sought to use heresy as a counterpoise to the influence of the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12181a.htm (17027 words)

	SIGISMUND I. - LoveToKnow Article on SIGISMUND I.
		Sigismund was the only one of the six sons of Casimir IV.
		Personally a devout Catholic and opposed in principle to the spread of sectarianism in Poland, Sigismund was nevertheless too wise and just to permit the persecution of non-Catholics; and in Lithuania, where a fanatical Catholic minority of magnates dominated the senate, he resolutely upheld the rights of his Orthodox subjects.
		By his tact, equity, and Christian charity, Sigismund endeared himself even to those who differed most from him, as witness the readiness of the Lithuanians to elect his infant son grand-duke of Lithuania in 1522, and to crown him in 1529.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SI/SIGISMUND_I_.htm (947 words)

	Sigismund III on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1592, Sigismund inherited the Swedish throne from his father, but his reluctance to accept Protestantism as the state religion in Sweden involved him in conflict with the Swedes and with his uncle, who was regent (see Charles IX).
		Sigismund intervened in Russia, in the turmoil after the death of Boris Godunov, by sanctioning Polish support of the two pretenders who claimed to be Dmitri.
		Sigismund's use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606-7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of Kraków.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Sigismun3.asp (650 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The son of king Casimir IV of Poland and Elizabeth Habsburg of Austria, Sigismund followed his brothers John Albert and Alexander on the Polish throne.
		In return for Maximilian lending weight to the provisions of the 2nd Peace of Thorn, Sigismund consented to the marriage of the children of Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, his brother, to the grandchildren of Maximilian.
		A daughter of Sigismund I, Hedwig (1513-1573), married Joachim II of Brandenburg.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Sigismund_I_of_Poland (421 words)

	Articles - John II Casimir of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His parents were Sigismund III of Poland (1566-1632), and Constance of Austria Habsburg (1588-1631).
		His father Sigismund, grandson of Gustav I of Sweden, had succeded his father to the Swedish throne in 1592 only to be deposed from the by his uncle Charles IX of Sweden in 1599.
		Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), although Poland, for the most part, has avoided taking part in any major military actions in that war.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/John_II_of_Poland (926 words)

	SIGISMUND II. - LoveToKnow Article on SIGISMUND II.
		But the Austrian court and Sigismunds own mother, Queen Bona, seem to have been behind the movement, and so violent was the agitation at Sigismunds first diet (31st of October 1548) that the deputies threatened to renounce their allegiance unless the king instantly repudiated Barbara.
		was nevertheless an even greater statesman than the stern and majestic Sigismun.d I. Tenacity and patience, the characteristics of all the Jagiellos, he possessed in a high degree, and he added to them a supple dexterity and a diplomatic finesse which he may have inherited from his Italian mother.
		But the most striking memorial of his greatness was the union of Lublin, which finally made of Poland and Lithuania one body politic, and put an end to the jealousies and discords of centuries (see POLAND, History).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SI/SIGISMUND_II_.htm (778 words)

	Sigismund III
		Charles IX Although finally crowned in 1594, Sigismund was defeated (1598) at Stangebro and was formally deposed by the Swedish diet in 1599.
		Sigismund's use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606–7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of Kraków.
		Ladislaus IV, king of Poland - Ladislaus IV, 1595–1648, king of Poland (1632–48), son and successor of Sigismund III.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0845187.html (481 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sigismund III (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sigismund III 1566–1632, king of Poland (1587–1632) and Sweden (1592–99).
		A period of factional strife after the death (1586) of King Stephen BAthory was ended by the election of Sigismund as king of Poland, effected through the support of Jan Zamojski, who opposed the candidacy of Maximilian of Austria.
		Sigismund's use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606–7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of KrakOw.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sigismun3.html (488 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sigismund II (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Sigismund II or Sigismund Augustus, 1520–72, king of Poland (1548–72).
		An open-minded, tolerant monarch and a loyal Roman Catholic, Sigismund sought peacefully to counteract the Reformation; he abolished (1562) ecclesiastic courts but introduced (1565) the Society of Jesus (see Jesus, Society of), which successfully preached the Counter Reformation.
		The last of the Jagiello dynasty to rule Poland, Sigismund died childless.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sigismun2.html (368 words)

	Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon
		Sigismund loved his wife, who was, however, hated by his mother, Queen Bona, wife of Sigismund II and daughter of Giovanni Sforza.
		Elizabeth was buried in the crypts of the Vilnius Cathedral.
		Having heard about her death, Sigismund August started looking for his fourth wife, as it was predicted by astrologists that he will only have a child from his fourth marriage, as his progenitor, Vladislaus Jagiello did.
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html (1989 words)

	Articles - Sigismund III of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		English translation: Sigismund III by God's grace king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, and also hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals.
		Sigismund was elected king of the Polish-Lithianian Commnwealth in August 1587.
		Sigismund was a talented painter and goldsmith: of his three paintings that survive until the present day one was through centuries erroneously attributed to Tintoretto; from his workshop came the main part of the famous silver coffin of St.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (964 words)

	Timeline Poland
		Poland was given Pomerelia and West Prussia, and the knights retained East Prussia, with a new capital at Königsberg (Kaliningrad).
		1830 Nicholas I ruthlessly repressed the insurrection in Poland.
		Poland’s partition line was moved eastwards from the Vistula line to the line of the Bug.
	timelines.ws /countries/POLAND.HTML (14109 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vasa (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected (1587) king of Poland as Sigismund III.
		On John's death Sigismund succeeded to the Swedish throne, but his Catholicism led to his deposition (1599) in Sweden, where his uncle Charles IX (reigned 1604–11) succeeded him.
		In Poland, Sigismund III was succeeded (1632) by his son Ladislaus IV, who was succeeded (1648) by his brother John II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Vasa.html (275 words)

	Salvatore Fabris
		In January 1593 Sigismund let it be known, from his residence in Poland, that he was planning to visit Sweden that summer to bury his father and have himself crowned.
		Sigismund went ashore in Stockholm in September and was received by Duke Karl, his uncle, and representatives of the Estates and the Church.
		Sigismund (1566-1632) was elected King of Poland, as Sigismund I, in August 1597 and stayed on the Polish throne until his death in 1632.
	www.thehaca.com /essays/Fabris_the_Assassin.htm (2388 words)

	Coinage of Poland in Riga, 1581-1621
		However, in 1581 Riga had to accept Poland as the superior and the status of the Free City was lost.
		After the death of Stephan Bathory, the new king of Poland became Sigismund III Vasa, the son of king of Sweden, Johann III.
		During the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, Riga continued the coinage.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/5539/polriga/polriga.html (452 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Poland - Noble's Republic
		Sigismund's position as King of Sweden was everything but secure.
		Sigismund, a staunch Catholic, did not want to givbe in on these points.
		In 1619, Russia and Poland signed the PEACE OF DEULINO, in which Poland recognized the new Russian dynasty, Russia ceded the territories of Smolensk, Severia, Chernigov and other stretches previously Lithuanian.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/nobrep.html (975 words)

	Pinkas Hakehillot Polin: Lublin
		In the period of the "deluge" (the wars in the middle of the 17th century waged in Poland by the Cossacks, the Swedes and the Muscovites) L suffered heavy damage to life and property.
		In 1795 L passed under the sovereignty of Austria, in 1809 it formed part of the "Principality of Warsaw", and from 1815 until the rise of independent Poland in 1918 it was included in Congress Poland.
		His son, Tsvi Hirsz was a leader of the community and an agent at the courts of the kings Sigismund III and Wladislaw IV.
	www.jewishgen.org /yizkor/pinkas_poland/pol7_00013.html (11366 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BONA SFORZA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polish queen; born 1493; died 1557; second wife of King Sigismund I. She was remarkable for her beauty and energy, but thoroughly hated in Poland for her intrigues and avarice.
		Her favorite, the influential crown marshal, Peter Kmita, obtained bribes simultaneously from both Jewish and Christian merchants, promising either party to protect its interests at the Diet or before the king.
		During the last years of Sigismund's reign Queen Bona not only assumed equal sovereign power with him, but often exercised absolute rule.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1256&letter=B (129 words)

	Sigismund II
		Sigismund II Sigismund II or Sigismund Augustus,1520–72, king of Poland (1548–72).
		Sigismund Augustus - Sigismund Augustus: see Sigismund II.
		Jagiello - Jagiello or Jagello, dynasty that ruled Poland and Lithuania from 1386 to 1572, Hungary from 1440...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0845186.html (277 words)

	Vasa on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On John's death Sigismund succeeded to the Swedish throne, but his Catholicism led to his deposition (1599) in Sweden, where his uncle Charles IX (reigned 1604-11) succeeded him.
		Charles IX of Sweden was succeeded by Gustavus II ; on Gustavus's death (1632) his daughter Christina ascended the throne.
		With Christina's abdication (1654) in favor of her first cousin, Charles X, the Swedish throne passed to the Zweibrücken line of the house of Wittelsbach.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/V/Vasa.asp (820 words)

	List of Estonian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		2.2 House of Vasa Kings of Sweden and Poland (1587 - 1660)
		House of Vasa Kings of Sweden and Poland (1587 - 1660)
		Sigismund III of Poland (King 1587-1632) known also as Sigismund of Sweden
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Estonian_rulers (493 words)

	2001 [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1582 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland.
		1518 - Bona Sforza is crowned as queen of Poland and married to Sigismund I of Poland.
		1674 - John Sobieski is elected by the nobility to be the King of Poland.
	www.wikimirror.com /2001 (14023 words)

	Vasa
		John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected (1587) king of Poland as
		On John's death Sigismund succeeded to the Swedish throne, but his Catholicism led to his deposition (1599) in Sweden, where his uncle
		In Poland, Sigismund III was succeeded (1632) by his son
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0850520.html (203 words)

	Sigismund II
		Poland - Polish Royalty Mieszko I, duke of Poland (962–92), the first important member of the Piast...
		Related content from HighBeam Research on: Sigismund II
		Zapolya, John Sigismund (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0845186.html (311 words)

	Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Seal of King Sigismund III of Poland, heir of Sweden
		King Sigismund III of Poland, heir of Sweden
		King Sigismund seated on a curtained dais, holding a sceptre in his right hand and an orb in his left; to his right, a shield bearing a cavalier; to his left, a shield bearing a sheaf of grain; above him, a shield bearing an eagle
	www.nd.edu /~medvllib/seals/roy/sigisIII.html (91 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights
		10-Ducat Presentation Piece of Sigismund III of Poland (1584-1632)
		The dies of the donativ (from the Latin donatio meaning ‘a gift, present') were made by the outstanding medallist Samuel Ammon, who worked in the 1st quarter of the 17th century in Gdansk.
		It took him and his apprentices two years of intensive work to make the dies for these coins, which were apparently minted to commemorate the birth of Sigismund's son, Prince Alexander.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/03/hm3_7_1_3d.html (73 words)

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