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Topic: Sigismund I of Sweden

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	Sigismund III - LoveToKnow 1911
		During Sigismund's absence from Sweden that realm was to be ruled by seven Swedes, six to be elected by the king and one by Duke Charles, his Protestant uncle.
		Sweden, moreover, was not to be administered from Poland.
		Sigismund never saw Sweden again, but he persistently refused to abandon his claims or recognise the new Swedish government; and this unfortunate obstinacy was to involve Poland in a whole series of unprofitable wars with Sweden.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sigismund_III (1224 words)

	Sigismund Summary
		Sigismund (1368-1437) was king of Hungary from 1385 to 1437, Holy Roman emperor from 1411 to 1437, and king of Bohemia from 1420 to 1437.
		Sigismund's debut in the political life of eastern Europe occurred at the age of 17, when the death of Louis the Great of Hungary left the crown of Hungary to Louis's daughter Mary (reigned 1382-1395) and to Sigismund, her fiancé.
		Sigismund of Bavaria (1439–1501), a Duke of Bavaria
	www.bookrags.com /Sigismund (871 words)

	SWEDEN - LoveToKnow Article on SWEDEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sweden itself may be considered in four main physical divisionsthe mountains and highland district, covering all Norrland and the western part of Svealand; the lowlands of central Sweden; the so-called Smland highlands, in the south and southeast; and the plains of Skne, occupying the extreme southward projection of the peninsula.
		PeopleThe population of Sweden in 1900 was 5,136,441.
		Sweden was also to enjoy her religion, subject to such changes as a general council might make; but neither pope nor council was to claim or exercise the right of releasing Sigismund from his obligations to his Swedish subjects.
	25.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SW/SWEDEN.htm (21978 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 O.S. – April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 – 1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526 – 1583).
		Sigismund was elected king of the Polish-Lithianian Commnwealth in August 1587.
		Sigismund however did not relinquish his claims to the Swedish throne and his subsequent foreign policy was aimed at regaining the Swedish crown, which led to very harsh relations and several wars between the two countries, to end only after the Great Northern War.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (975 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 O.S. April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 – 1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526 – 1583).
		Sigismund, supported by Zamoyski and wife of the former king Anna the Jagiellonian was elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commnwealth on 19 August 1587 and recognized by the interrex, primate of Poland Stanisław Karnkowski.
		Sigismund was a talented painter and goldsmith: of his three paintings that survive until the present day one was through centuries erroneously attributed to Tintoretto; from his workshop came the main part of the famous silver coffin of St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_I_of_Sweden (1557 words)

	Charles IX of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Charles IX, or Karl IX (1550-1611), king of Sweden, was the youngest son of Gustav I of Sweden and Margareta Lejonhufvud.
		The heir to the throne was John’s eldest son, Sigismund of Sweden, already king of Poland and a devoted Catholic.
		But Sigismund was both an alien and a heretic to the majority of the Swedish nation, and his formal deposition by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1599 was, in effect, a natural vindication and legitimation of Charles’s position.
	usapedia.com /c/charles-ix-of-sweden.html (855 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IX, king of Sweden (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This measure was passed in anticipation of the arrival (1594) of John III's Catholic son and heir, King Sigismund III of Poland, who was obliged to pledge himself to uphold Protestantism in Sweden as a condition for his coronation.
		Sigismund left Sweden in the same year, and Charles summoned the Riksdag, was made regent against the king's wishes, and ousted all Catholic officials.
		Sigismund landed an army at Kalmar (1598), was defeated by Charles at Stangebro, and was deposed by the Riksdag in 1599.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles9Swe.html (371 words)

	SIGISMUND III OF POLAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June_20, 1566 O.S. April_19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 â“ 1592), of the House_of_Vasa, and his first wife Catherine_Jagellonica_of_Poland (1526 â“ 1583).
		Sigismund returned to his ship on the same day, arriving in GdaÅsk next day, and after approxmately two weeks he had departed to KrakÃ³w, where he was coronated on 27_December of that year.
		Sigismund was a talented painter and goldsmith: of his three paintings that survive until the present day one was through centuries erroneously attributed to Tintoretto; from his workshop came the main part of the famous silver coffin of St._Adalbert_of_Prague at the Cathedral in Gniezno.
	www.witwib.com /Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1439 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The son of King John III of Sweden and his wife Catherine, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland, Sigismund III was born June 20, 1566, in Gripsholm, Sweden.
		Unpopular in Protestant Sweden because of his Roman Catholicism, he was deposed in 1599 and replaced by his uncle, who became Charles IX.
		Sigismund’s attempts to regain the throne of Sweden led to wars with that country which resulted in the loss of most of Livonia (1629).
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..si113100.a (239 words)

	People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sigismund was born June 20 1566 at Gripsholm Castle in Sweden.
		In 1617 Sigismund turned his attention to the Turks, and while his troops were fighting in Moldavia, Gustaf II Adolf of Sweden invaded Poland.
		Sigismund might have believed that one day he could regain the Swedish throne, but the invasion by Gustaf II Adolf brought an end to that dream.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /people3/02451.htm (234 words)

	Poland Deluged
		Sigismund III (Zygmund) was a member of the House of Vasa - Sweden's ruling family and had reigned in Sweden from 1592 until 1599 when he was deposed for his attempts to reintroduce Catholicism.
		In 1609, Sigismund's ambitions turned to Russia, where various Polish nobles who had supported the claim of the False Dmitrii to the Russian throne were already fighting.
		Sigismund's son Wladyslaw (Ladislaus) IV (1595-1648) was less religious than his father.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-104.htm (1870 words)

	7.3 History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sweden is attacked by an alliance of Denmark, Poland and Russia.
		Despite brief victories, the war goes badly for Sweden and by the spring of 1809 the Finnish troops had surrendered, the main army had retreated to Sweden and in the peace treaty of Fredrikshamn September 1809 the whole of Finland was joined to Russia.
		In Sweden communists were hunted in the unions and among the employees in governmental institutions (as hospitals!).
	www.faqs.org /faqs/nordic-faq/part7_SWEDEN/section-2.html (6672 words)

	Sigismund I of Sweden : Sigismund of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sigismund I of Sweden, (June 20, 1566 - April 19, 1632), was the son of III of Sweden">John III of Sweden (1537-1592), of the House of Vasa, and his wife Katarina of Poland[?] (1526-1583).
		He ruled as King Sigismund III of Poland or Zygmunt III of Poland from 1587 to 1632 and as King Sigismund I of Sweden from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599.
		Sigismund was elected king of Lithuania-Poland Commonwealth in 1587.
	www.city-search.org /si/sigismund-of-sweden.html (593 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Sigismund dreamed of bequeathing the Crowns of Poland, Sweden, and Russia to his sons ; while Gustavus, with perhaps a juster appreciation of Muscovite national strength, embraced the opportunity of fortifying Sweden by erecting a firm bulwark at her neighbour's expense.
		Sigismund, who had become closely associated with the throne of Habsburg by his marriage with the Archduchess Anna in 1592, was determined to purge Livonia of heresy and to restore Sweden to Home.
		Yet the reign of Sigismund is but the beginning of the long chastisement brought upon the Poles by the arrogant individualism which had dictated the establishment of a weak elective monarchy in 1573, and which was destined in two centuries to dissolve the State.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh405.html (15520 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Sigismund III of Sweden Vasa
		Sigismund intervened in Russia, in the turmoil after the death of Boris Godunov, by sanctioning Polish support of the two pretenders who claimed to be Dmitri.
		Sigismund’s use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606—7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of Kraków.
		Sigismund married Anne of Austria Habsburg, daughter of Charles of Austria Habsburg and Maria Anna of Bavaria, on 31 May 1592.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/2754.htm (449 words)

	Salvatore Fabris
		In January 1593 Sigismund let it be known, from his residence in Poland, that he was planning to visit Sweden that summer to bury his father and have himself crowned.
		Sigismund went ashore in Stockholm in September and was received by Duke Karl, his uncle, and representatives of the Estates and the Church.
		Sigismund (1566-1632) was elected King of Poland, as Sigismund I, in August 1597 and stayed on the Polish throne until his death in 1632.
	www.thearma.org /essays/Fabris_the_Assassin.htm (2403 words)

	WHKMLA : Swedish-Polish War, 1600-1611
		Sigismund, heir-apparent to the Swedish crown, in 1587 was elected King of Poland.
		Sigismund's Catholic belief and his residence in Cracow made him unpopular in Sweden; in 1598 Sigismund's uncle, Duke Charles, lead a revolt and defeated troops loyal to Sigismund at Stegeborg and Stängebro (Sept. 8th, 25th).
		The war between Sweden and Poland was not terminated, merely postponed; Sweden was to regard Poland as her prime enemy, for the century to come.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/swedpol16001618.html (328 words)

	Swedish history: 1521-1718 (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sweden becomes Lutheran, the Church is stripped of its riches and the debts to Hanseatic towns and merchants could be paid.
		Sweden's nobility suffered much from the kings' and the peasanty's independence, and a union with Poland promised in the long run to gain the aristocracy of Sweden.
		Sweden loses, in accordance with the accord with Russia, all its Baltic territories, the southeastern part of Finland, and ultimately its status as a major power.
	www.lysator.liu.se /(ns)/nordic/scn/faq734.html (3529 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vasa (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Gustavus I, founder of the dynasty in Sweden, was succeeded by his sons Eric XIV (reigned 1560–68) and John III (reigned 1568–92).
		John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected (1587) king of Poland as Sigismund III.
		Charles IX of Sweden was succeeded by Gustavus II; on Gustavus's death (1632) his daughter Christina ascended the throne.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Vasa.html (275 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Swedish Polish War 1600-09
		In 1588 Zygmunt Waza III (Sigismund Vasa) was elected King of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Sigismund attempted to break this opposition and in 1598 he landed with privately funded mercenary forces of Polish, German and Hungarian infantry.
		Sigismund was not noted for his military skills, after some early successes on the 4th November he was defeated at Jonkoping.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/battles/1600-Sw/1600-Sw-01.htm (449 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - Queen Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The religious motive for the abdication and the political context in which it occurred were circumstances which aroused the passions of her contemporaries and indeed, have continued to provoke debate among her biographers in the three centuries that have passed since her death.
		Though Sigismund had to promise to uphold Lutheranism in his oath of kingship, he was nevertheless deposed in favor of his uncle, Duke Karl, and forced to flee the country in 1598.
		Thus Christina of Sweden received a final resting place in that city with which she had such a significant association during the latter half of the 17th century, and which even today bears witness to the impact of the Swedish queen on Roman life in the Baroque era.
	www.sweden.se /templates/FactSheet____4403.asp (6904 words)

	The Titles of the European Rulers
		Sigismund (+1632), King of Sweden and Poland, was dethroned in Sweden by his uncle Charles, Duke of Sudermanland, Närke, Varmeland (1599).
		Sweden ceded Livonia, Estonia and Ingria to Russia (1721).
		Sweden ceded Bremen and Verden to the Elector of Hanover.
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/sweden.html (2774 words)

	List of Estonian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is a list of the Governors of foreign states overseeing the territory of present day Estonia, from the time of the Danish occupation starting in 1219 to, but not including, the first period of Estonian independence starting in 1917.
		That is, the Grand masters of the Sword Bretheren of the Teutonic Order, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, and the Tsars of Russia, up to 1917.
		Sigismund III of Poland (King 1587-1632) known also as Sigismund of Sweden
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Estonian_rulers (493 words)

	John III of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		John III of Sweden or Johan III of the Royal House of Vasa, was the king of Sweden (1568–1592).
		He was born on December 23, 1537 as the son of Gustav I of Sweden, and died on November 27, 1592.
		In Sweden she is known as Katarina Jagellonica and she was the sister of king Sigismund II of Poland.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/John-III-of-Sweden.htm (259 words)

	999 Sweden
		Sweden was first mentioned in the 1st century, by Roman historian Tacitus, who wrote that the Suiones tribe lived out in the sea and were powerful in both arms and ships.
		In the south of Sweden leaf-bearing trees are prolific, in the north pines and hardy birches dominate the landscape.
		In the mountains of northern Sweden a sub-Arctic climate predominates.
	www.999sweden.com (4053 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Sweden, 1560-1611
		However, the Swedish church and nobility feared that Sigismund might attempt to reintroduce Catholicism by force; he was deposed in 1600.
		When Sigismund Vasa - he had been elected King of Poland in 1587 and been raised as a Catholic (the faith of his mother) - inherited the Swedish crown in 1592, the Swedish Lutheran church felt threatened.
		As the population density was extremely low - the population for Sweden proper (without Finland) in 1570 is estimated at 750,000, rather extensive use of the arable land provided, in normal years, sufficient food.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/scandinavia/swe15601611.html (757 words)

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