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	Sigismund II Augustus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund II Augustus (Polish: Zygmunt II August, Lithuanian: Žygimantas III Augustas; 1 August 1520 — 7 July 1572) was the only son of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548.
		Sigismund's reign was a period of internal turmoil and external expansion.
		Sigismund II possessed to a high degree the tenacity and patience that seem to have characterized all the Jagiellons, and he added to these qualities a dexterity and diplomatic finesse which he may have inherited from his Italian mother.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_II_of_Poland (1092 words)

	Sigismund III Vasa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund, supported by Zamoyski and the former king's wife, Anna Jagiellon, was elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commnwealth on 19 August 1587 and recognized as such by the interrex, the Primate of Poland, Stanisław Karnkowski.
		Sigismund was a talented painter and goldsmith: of his three paintings that survive until the present day one was for centuries erroneously attributed to Tintoretto; from his workshop came the main part of the famous silver coffin of St.
		Sigismund III Vasa is one of the personages in a famous painting by Jan Matejko, depicting the preaching of Piotr Skarga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_I_of_Sweden (1696 words)

	Sigismund III - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During Sigismund's absence from Sweden that realm was to be ruled by seven Swedes, six to be elected by the king and one by Duke Charles, his Protestant uncle.
		Sigismund's difficulties were also increased by his political views which he brought with him from Sweden cut and dried, and which were diametrically opposed to those of the omnipotent chancellor.
		Sigismund never saw Sweden again, but he persistently refused to abandon his claims or recognise the new Swedish government; and this unfortunate obstinacy was to involve Poland in a whole series of unprofitable wars with Sweden.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sigismund_III (1250 words)

	Sigismund II of Poland
		Sigismund II Augustus (1520-1572), Polish: Zygmunt II August, was the only son of Sigismund I the Old., King of Poland, whom he succeeded in 1548, and Bona Sforza.
		But the Austrian court and Sigismund's own mother, Queen Bona, seem to have been behind the movement, and so violent was the agitation at Sigismund's first diet (October 31, 1548) that the deputies threatened to renounce their allegiance unless the king instantly repudiated Barbara.
		Sigismund II died at his beloved Knyszyn on July 6, 1572, at the age of 52.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/si/sigismund_ii_of_poland.html (785 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sigismund III (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1592, Sigismund inherited the Swedish throne from his father, but his reluctance to accept Protestantism as the state religion in Sweden involved him in conflict with the Swedes and with his uncle, who was regent (see Charles IX).
		Sigismund intervened in Russia, in the turmoil after the death of Boris Godunov, by sanctioning Polish support of the two pretenders who claimed to be Dmitri.
		Sigismund's use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606–7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of KrakOw.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sigismun3.html (488 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Sigismund
		Sigismund SIGISMUND [Sigismund], 1368-1437, Holy Roman emperor (1433-37), German king (1410-37), king of Hungary (1387-1437) and of Bohemia (1419-37), elector of Brandenburg (1376-1415), son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.
		Sigismund I SIGISMUND I [Sigismund I] 1467-1548, king of Poland (1506-48), son of Casimir IV.
		Sigismund II SIGISMUND II [Sigismund II] or Sigismund Augustus, 1520-72, king of Poland (1548-72).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Sigismund&StartAt=1 (489 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sigismund II (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Sigismund II or Sigismund Augustus, 1520–72, king of Poland (1548–72).
		An open-minded, tolerant monarch and a loyal Roman Catholic, Sigismund sought peacefully to counteract the Reformation; he abolished (1562) ecclesiastic courts but introduced (1565) the Society of Jesus (see Jesus, Society of), which successfully preached the Counter Reformation.
		After an interregnum and the brief rule of Henry of Valois (later Henry III of France), Stephen BAthory was elected (1575) king.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sigismun2.html (368 words)

	House of Vasa
		The House of Vasa was a Royal House of Sweden (1523-1654) and of Poland (1587-1668).
		John III married Catherine Jagiello, the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and when Sigismund died without male heir their son was elected king of Poland as Sigismund III in 1587.
		Sigismund was Catholic, however, which led to his losing the throne in Sweden.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wa/Wasa.html (141 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Sigismund III of Sweden Vasa
		In 1592, Sigismund inherited the Swedish throne from his father, but his reluctance to accept Protestantism as the state religion in Sweden involved him in conflict with the Swedes and with his uncle, who was regent.
		Sigismund’s use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606—7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of Kraków.
		Sigismund married Anne of Austria Habsburg, daughter of Charles of Austria Habsburg and Maria Anna of Bavaria, on 31 May 1592.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/2754.htm (449 words)

	Sigismund II of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sigismund II Augustus (1520 - 1572 Polish Zygmunt II August) was the only son of Sigismund I the Old.
		But the Austrian court and Sigismund's own mother Queen Bona seem to have been behind the and so violent was the agitation at first diet (October 31 1548) that the deputies threatened to renounce allegiance unless the king instantly repudiated Barbara.
		Sigismund's was a period of internal turmoil and expansion.
	www.freeglossary.com /Sigismund_II_of_Poland (1029 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - The Last Of The Jagiellos, 1548-1572
		Sigismund could always frighten the Court of Vienna into subservience by pretending to espouse the cause of his own nephew, John Sigismund, Prince of Transylvania, a claimant of the Magyar throne, and the semi-feudatory of the Ottoman Empire.
		Sigismund sent his ambassadors to mediate between the rivals; but, in the meantime, Fiirstenberg had besieged and captured the Archbishop in Kokenhausen ; and Lancki, one of the Polish envoys, was murdered by the Grand Master's son.
		Sigismund swore to confirm all the privileges of the Livonian nobility, to relieve them from all military burdens, to recognise the Augsburg Confession in his new domains.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-5.shtml (4711 words)

	poland
		Augustus II (1670-1733) `the Strong´ Elector of Saxony (1694-1733) and King of Poland (1697-1733).
		The son of King Sigismund I and his second wife, Bona Sforza (1494-1557), Sigismund II was crowned king in 1530 but did not actually succeed to the throne until his father's death 18 years later.
		The son of Wladyslaw II by his fourth wife, he succeeded his father at the age of 10 and was elected king of Hungary at age 16.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/poland.htm (4614 words)

	Poland Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		During the reign of Sigismund II (reigned 1548–1572) a unified Polish-Lithuanian state was created by the Union of Lublin (1569).
		Sigismund III, a prince of the Swedish ruling house of Vasa, also became king of Sweden; after his deposition (1598) by his Swedish subjects he continued to advance his claims and started a long series of Polish-Swedish wars.
		As a result of the support of Catherine II of Russia and Frederick II of Prussia, Stanislaus II (Stanislaus Poniatowski; reigned 1764–1795), a member of the powerful Czartoryski family, was elected king of Poland.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Poland.html (3770 words)

	Sigismund I — FactMonster.com
		Uladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, with the grandchildren of Maximilian.
		Sigismund sought peaceful relations with the khans of Crimea but was still involved in border warfare with them.
		John II, king of Hungary and prince of Transylvania - John II (John Sigismund Zapolya), 1540–71, king of Hungary and prince of Transylvania, son of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0845185.html (337 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The son of King Sigismund I and his second wife, Bona Sforza (1494–1557), Sigismund II was crowned king in 1530 but did not actually succeed to the throne until his father’s death 18 years later.
		Sigismund died childless, and with him the Jagiełłon dynasty came to an end.
		Peter Weller on the temple of Abu Simbel and the statues of Ramses II.
	historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..si113000.a (473 words)

	Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon
		Sigismund loved his wife, who was, however, hated by his mother, Queen Bona, wife of Sigismund II and daughter of Giovanni Sforza.
		Elizabeth was buried in the crypts of the Vilnius Cathedral.
		Having heard about her death, Sigismund August started looking for his fourth wife, as it was predicted by astrologists that he will only have a child from his fourth marriage, as his progenitor, Vladislaus Jagiello did.
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html (1989 words)

	Courtly Lives - Vlad Tepes
		Albert II was the Duke of Austria in 1404.
		The Turks thought him very handsome and Radu was regarly sodomized by Medmed II, "the Conqueror," was the son of Murad II (1421-1451).
		Sigismund was the brother of Wenceslas II, Duke of Luxemburg (1383-1419), King of the Romans in 1378 and Bohemia in 1400.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/VladTepes.html (1934 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Sigismund
		Elected to succeed his brother, Alexander I, Sigismund faced the problem of consolidating his domestic power in order successfully to counter external threats to Poland.
		He proved that alumina, magnesia, and lime are distinct earths, found (1743) an improved method for the commercial preparation of phosphorus, and isolated (1746) zinc.
		John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Sigismund&StartAt=1 (489 words)

	Sigismund II — FactMonster.com
		Sigismund II Sigismund II or Sigismund Augustus,1520–72, king of Poland (1548–72).
		, Sigismund granted (1562) the elector of Brandenburg hereditary succession in the duchy of Prussia in exchange for diplomatic support.
		), and Sigismund was an accomplished humanist and theologian.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0845186.html (277 words)

	The Galileo Project
		In 1605, while on a diplomatic mission to France, to act as an intercessor for the release of Seton from a Saxon prison, he was lured to the court of Duke Friedrich of Wuerttemberg at Stuttgart.
		In 1599, he was accused before the municipal court of Prague of being responsible for the death of a friend and fellow alchemist, Koralek, and sentenced to prison.
		After intervention from Sigismund III and/or Herrn von Hasenberg, a patron of alchemists, he was released.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/sendivog.html (944 words)

	Sigismund II Augustus - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Template:Infobox Polish monarch Sigismund II Augustus (Template:Lang-pl, Template:Lang-lt; 1520 — 1572) was the only son of Bona Sforza and Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548.
		English translation: "Sigismund Augustus, by God's grace king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, of the Lands of Kraków, Sandomierz,Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kuyavia, Kiev, Hereditary Lord of Ruthenia, Volhynia, Ducal Prussia, Mazowsze, Podlasie, Chełmno Land, Elbląg, Pomerania, Samogitia, Livonia etc."
		Shortly thereafter, Sigismund's sister Anna married Stefan Batory, and they ruled as King and Queen of Poland for the next several years.
	www.recipeland.com:8080 /facts/Sigismund_II_Augustus (1084 words)

	(Poland: History of its Elective Democracy)
		The irregular manner in which Augustus II Wettin attained the kingship, by contesting the outcome of the election by force of arms and by overriding the Interrex, started off his administration on the wrong foot, set the public against him, and contributed to an almost complete breakdown of cooperation between the Seym and the 'Elect'.
		In 1569, during the administration of Sigismund II Augustus, Deputy M. Sienicki, leader of the liberal opposition, made a statement that he did not wish to speak in the Seym while the Deputies from Cracow were present.
		During the administration of Sigismund III Vasa, the electorate began to question the constitutionality of some of his actions, and when the gentry gathered in Cracow for the Assizes on January 11, 1607, an admonition was prepared and sent to the King to refresh in his mind the major principles of Poland's government.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /JJ.html (11665 words)

	April 1: Sigismund I of Poland
		If Sigismund did not persecute, it was partly owing to the power of his nobles, many of whom had embraced the Reformation.
		His son Sigismund II ruled in his stead, but died suddenly and the throne passed to a nephew.
		History of Christianity is a survey course designed to stimulate your curiosity by providing glimpses of some of the pivotal events in the spread Christianity and sketches of great Christian figures who have significantly affected Christian history thereby shaping the history of the world.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/04/daily-04-01-2003.shtml (535 words)

	The Periphery of Francia: Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia
		It may have been Philip II who issued the first decree for "these realms of Spain." As it happens, this was issued from Lisbon after Philip claimed the Throne of Portugal in 1580 and occupied the Kingdom.
		Ferdinand II of Aragón (1479-1516) becomes Ferdinand V of Castile and of Spain (united with his marriage to Isabella I of Castile).
		Teobaldo II The marriage of Blanca of Navarre to Theobald of Champagne means that for a while the Counts of Champagne become the Kings of Navarre.
	www.friesian.com /perifran.htm (11158 words)

	David Gorodok - Section II - b
		In that year, Sigismund II August forced Lithuania formally to renounce her independence in the Union of Lublin, as the price for Polish help in Lithuania’s war against “Muscovite expansion under the terrible Czar Ivan IV.” The Poles dismembered Lithuania by incorporating the Ukraine and parts of Western Russia into Poland.
		Alexander II’s assassination in 1881 was a bitter blow to the Jews, followed as it was by the anti-Semitic policies of his successor Alexander III (1881-1894).
		Nicholas II, who ascended the throne in 1894 and abdicated during the February revolution of 1917, was an autocratic and repressive ruler of limited intelligence, who tended to block progress and enlightenment, and who was personally very hostile to the Jews.
	davidhorodok.tripod.com /2b.html (7060 words)

	SIGISMUND II - Online Information article about SIGISMUND II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Poland, the only son of Sigismund I., king of Poland, whom he succeeded in 1548, and See also:
		bride was sickly and unsympathetic, and from her Sigismund soon lost all See also:
		The merit of this crowning achievement belongs to Sigismund alone; but for him it would have been impossible.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SIGISMUND_II.html (1271 words)

	Sigismund I. (Polen) - Definition, explanation
		Sigismund I. der Alte (* 1467; &dagger; 1548) war der fÃ¼nfte Herrscher des Litauischen Hauses der Jagiellonen, welche als GroÃfÃ¼rsten von Litauen regierten und ebenfalls KÃ¶nige von Polen waren.
		Sigismund I. war der Sohn von Kasimir IV und Elisabeth von Habsburg.
		Sigismunds I. Mutter Elisabeth war eine Verwandte des deutschen Kaisers Sigismund von Luxemburg.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/si/sigismund_i___polen_.php (229 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - The First Elective Kings, 1572-1588
		THE death of Sigismund II, though long foreseen, came upon Poland unexpectedly, and at an inconvenient and even dangerous moment.
		Gizanka, Sigismund's much-beloved mistress, pillaged the royal treasury so effectually that there was not enough left wherewith to clothe the corpse becomingly, as it lay in state ; and Fogelweder, Sigismund's German physician, for the sake of decency, took the gold chain off his own neck and placed it round the King's.
		On August 19, 1587, Sigismund Vasa was elected King of Poland in the " Black Circle" ; on October 7 he landed at Dantzic; on December 27 he was solemnly crowned at Cracow.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-6.shtml (3318 words)

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