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Topic: Sigismund III of Poland

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	Introduction and the events of the Swedish Deluge: 1655-1660
		Sigismund III himself died in 1632 after what historian Adam Zamoyski has termed "the longest and possibly the most incompetent reign in Poland's history." He was succeeded, first by Władysław IV (1632-48), his son by Anne of Habsburg, and then by Jan Kazimerz (1648-68), his son by Constance of Habsburg.
		The reign of the Vasa dynasty in Poland with the abdication of Jan Kazimierz on September 16, 1668.
		Already in 1648, Poland position was a difficult one, with a revolt brewing in the Ukraine and during the course of it an attack by Russian troops.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/potop/1655.html (1240 words)

	John II of Poland
		John II of Poland or Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1609-1672), was the son of Sigismund III of Poland (1566-1632), of the House of Vasa, and his wife Constance of Austria (1588 - 1631).
		His father Sigismund, grandson of Gustav I of Sweden, had succeded his father to the Swedish throne in 1592 only to be deposed from the by his uncle Charles IX of Sweden in 1599.
		Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
	www.fastload.org /jo/John_II_of_Poland.html (208 words)

	Sigismund III Vasa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund Waza-Jagellon (1566-1632) was elected King of Poland and reigned 1587-1632.
		Sigismund died at the age of 65 in the royal castle in Warsaw.
		Vladislaus (1595 – 1648), (reigned 1632 – 1648 as Władysław IV Waza of Poland)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1811 words)

	poland
		The son of King John III of Sweden and his wife Catherine, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland, Sigismund III was born June 20, 1566, in Gripsholm, Sweden.
		He was elected king of Poland by the Sejm (parliament) in 1587 and succeeded to the Swedish throne on the death of his father.
		Wladyslaw III (1424-44), king of Poland (1434-44) and, as Uladislas I, king of Hungary (1440-44); he led a major effort to stop the advance of the Ottoman Turks in Europe.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/poland.htm (4614 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IX, king of Sweden (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		This measure was passed in anticipation of the arrival (1594) of John III's Catholic son and heir, King Sigismund III of Poland, who was obliged to pledge himself to uphold Protestantism in Sweden as a condition for his coronation.
		Sigismund left Sweden in the same year, and Charles summoned the Riksdag, was made regent against the king's wishes, and ousted all Catholic officials.
		Sigismund landed an army at Kalmar (1598), was defeated by Charles at Stangebro, and was deposed by the Riksdag in 1599.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles9Swe.html (371 words)

	ipedia.com: Ladislaus IV of Poland Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vladislaus IV Vasa of Poland or, was the son of Sigismund III of Poland, of the House of Vasa, and his wife Anna.
		Vladislaus IV Vasa of Poland or (Polish: Władysław IV Waza) (1595-1648), was the son of Sigismund III of Poland (1566-1632), of the House of Vasa, and his wife Anna (1573 - 1598).
		English translation: ''Vladislaus IV by God's grace king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, and also hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals, elected grand duke of Muscovy.
	www.ipedia.com /ladislaus_iv_of_poland.html (275 words)

	SIGISMUND III - Online Information article about SIGISMUND III
		Sweden, moreover, was not to be administered from Poland.
		Sigismund's position as king of Poland was extraordinarily difficult.
		From 1606 indeed to 1610 Poland was in an anarchical condition.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SIGISMUND_III.html (1667 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		King Sigismund III of Poland-Lithuania, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 - April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537-1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526-1583).
		Sigismund was restrained from ruling Sweden from abroad, but nevertheless returns to Poland, so in 1599 he was deposed.
		Sigismund however did not relinquish his claims to the Swedish throne, which led to very harsh relations and several wars between the two countries, to end only after the Great Northern War.
	www.biography.ms /Sigismund_III_of_Poland.html (547 words)

	Sigismund I of Sweden : Sigismund III of Poland
		Sigismund I of Sweden : Sigismund III of Poland
		Sigismund I of Sweden, (June 20, 1566 - April 19, 1632), was the son of John III of Sweden (1537-1592), of the House of Vasa, and his wife Katarina of Poland[?] (1526-1583).
		He ruled as King Sigismund III of Poland or Zygmunt III of Poland from 1587 to 1632 and as King Sigismund I of Sweden from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599.
	www.mik.fastload.org /si/Sigismund_III_of_Poland.html (308 words)

	Sigismund Summary
		Sigismund (1368-1437) was king of Hungary from 1385 to 1437, Holy Roman emperor from 1411 to 1437, and king of Bohemia from 1420 to 1437.
		Sigismund's debut in the political life of eastern Europe occurred at the age of 17, when the death of Louis the Great of Hungary left the crown of Hungary to Louis's daughter Mary (reigned 1382-1395) and to Sigismund, her fiancé.
		Sigismund of Bavaria (1439–1501), a Duke of Bavaria
	www.bookrags.com /Sigismund (871 words)

	Sigismund III — Infoplease.com
		Charles IX Although finally crowned in 1594, Sigismund was defeated (1598) at Stangebro and was formally deposed by the Swedish diet in 1599.
		Sigismund's use of Austrian aid to limit the powers of the diet and the dissatisfaction of the Protestants led to a rebellion (1606–7) under Nicholas Zebrzydowski, the palatine of Kraków.
		Ladislaus IV, king of Poland - Ladislaus IV, 1595–1648, king of Poland (1632–48), son and successor of Sigismund III.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0845187.html (550 words)

	Zygmunt III Vasa (1566 – 1632)
		From the very outset Sigismund III treated his reign in Poland as a temporary period in expectation of the crown of Sweden.
		During the reign of Sigismund III Poland was drawn into a war against the Turks.
		Sigismund's poor analysis of the situation caused a conflict with one of the best trained and greatest armies in the world at the time.
	poland.gov.pl /?document=1961 (927 words)

	Coinage of Poland in Riga, 1581-1621 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, in 1581 Riga had to accept Poland as the superior and the status of the Free City was lost.
		After the death of Stephan Bathory, the new king of Poland became Sigismund III Vasa, the son of king of Sweden, Johann III.
		During the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, Riga continued the coinage.
	geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/5539/polriga/polriga.html (452 words)

	Polska
		The Polska (not to be confused with the polka) is the most common of Swedish folk dances.
		It is possible that the dance originated when king Sigismund Vasa (Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund I of Sweden) went to Sweden to be crowned there too, and was accompanied by Polish musicians.
		There are three main types of polskas: the semiquaver polska or sixteenth-note polska (somewhat similar to the polonaise), the quaver polska or eighth-note polska (somewhat similar to the mazurka), and the triplet polska.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Polska.html (105 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		buried on February 4, 1633 - King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 – April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 – 1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526 – 1583).
		He ruled in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where he was known as Zygmunt III Waza, from 1587 to 1632 and in Sweden, where he was known as Sigismund Vasa, from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599.
		Sigismund however did not relinquish his claims to the Swedish throne and his subsequent foreign policy was aimed at regaining the Swedish crown, which led to very harsh relations and several wars between the two countries, to end only after the Great Northern War.
	sigismund-iii-of-poland.iqnaut.net (1030 words)

	Sigismund I the Old - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isabella of Hungary, Sigismund II of Poland, Zofia, Anna Jagiellon, Catherine of Sweden and Finland, Wojciech Olbracht
		Sigismund I the Old (Polish: Zygmunt I Stary; Lithuanian: Žygimantas II Senasis; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) of the Jagiellon dynasty reigned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 to his death at age 81 in 1548.
		Intermittently at war with Vasily III of Muscovy, starting in 1507 (before his army was fully under his command), 1514 marked the fall of Smolensk (under Polish domination) to the Muscovite forces (which lent force to his arguments for the necessity of a standing army).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sigismund_I_of_Poland (638 words)

	January 9: Swedes call a meeting to stay Lutheran
		Sigismund III of Poland was in line to become Sweden's next monarch.
		Sigismund wanted to hold onto both Poland and Sweden but could hardly be a Catholic in one country and a Lutheran in the other.
		Sigismund swore to uphold the decision of Uppsala.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/01/daily-01-09-2001.shtml (880 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vasa (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected (1587) king of Poland as Sigismund III.
		On John's death Sigismund succeeded to the Swedish throne, but his Catholicism led to his deposition (1599) in Sweden, where his uncle Charles IX (reigned 1604–11) succeeded him.
		In Poland, Sigismund III was succeeded (1632) by his son Ladislaus IV, who was succeeded (1648) by his brother John II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Vasa.html (275 words)

	The Great Synagogue of Lutsk, Ukraine
		A number of royal charters granted by King Sigismund I (1506-1548) of Poland to the Jews of Lutsk in the early 16th century record two wooden synagogues in the city serving the Rabbinic Jewish and Karaite communities, respectively.
		Following the destruction of the previous wooden synagogue in a fire, King Sigismund III (1587-1632) of Poland conferred the local Jewish community the right to erect a stone-built synagogue on May 5, 1626.
		The building of the Great Synagogue of Lutsk is typical of the "fortress type" of synagogue built in various places in Poland, especially in the towns of the south-eastern border regions, from late 16th century to the early years of the 19th century.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Synagogue/Lutsk.asp (1082 words)

	Poland as you like! - Old Town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is a Column of Sigismund III of Poland in the centre of the Square.
		Today the monument that measures 20m of height (and the figure of king Sigismund measures 2,75m) is one of the most characteristic symbols of the capital and often appears on Warsaw postcards.
		The next look was given after king Sigismund III moved the capital from Cracow in 1596.
	poland.as /poland/174,,1,1,0,0 (1024 words)

	Timeline Poland
		Poland was given Pomerelia and West Prussia, and the knights retained East Prussia, with a new capital at Königsberg (Kaliningrad).
		1830 Nicholas I ruthlessly repressed the insurrection in Poland.
		Poland’s partition line was moved eastwards from the Vistula line to the line of the Bug.
	timelines.ws /countries/POLAND.HTML (14125 words)

	Sigismund III Vasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sigismund III Vasa (1566-1632), the son of the Swedish king John III and Catherine Jagiellonian, king of Poland from 1587 and king of Sweden in 1592-98.
		Sigismund conducted wars with Muscovy and claimed the crown of Muscovy, which the defeated boyars offered to his son, Ladislaus.
		In 1596, Sigismund transferred the capital of Poland from Cracow to Warsaw.
	artyzm.com /matejko/poczet/e_waza.htm (126 words)

	Home\|Collections\|Coin Cabinet\|15th — 18th centuries\|Medal to King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland and the Battle of ...
		Medal to King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland and the Battle of Smolensk
		Obverse: SIGISMVNDVS III D[ei] G[ratia] REX POL[oniae] MAG[nus]DVX LITV[aniae] RVSS[iae] PRVSS[iae] MASSOV[iae] SAMOGIT[iae] LIVONIAE NEC NON SVECOR[um] GOTTOR[um] VANDALOR[um]Q[ue] HAEREDITARIUS REX (Sigismund III by the Grace of God King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogitia, Livland as well as Hereditary King of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals).
		The Swedish hereditary prince Sigismund III Wasa was elected king of Poland in 1587.
	www.khm.at /staticE/page618.html (268 words)

	Vasa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gustavus I, founder of the dynasty in Sweden, was succeeded by his sons Eric XIV (reigned 1560-68) and John III (reigned 1568-92).
		On John's death Sigismund succeeded to the Swedish throne, but his Catholicism led to his deposition (1599) in Sweden, where his uncle Charles IX (reigned 1604-11) succeeded him.
		With Christina's abdication (1654) in favor of her first cousin, Charles X, the Swedish throne passed to the Zweibrücken line of the house of Wittelsbach.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-vasa.html (428 words)

	Ferdinand II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sister: Anne of Austria (wife 1 of Sigismund III of Poland)
		Sister: Constance of Austria (wife 2 of Sigismund III of Poland)
		Daughter: Cecilie Renate (wife of Ladislaus IV of Poland)
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/ferdinandii.htm (58 words)

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