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Topic: Signal reflection

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	Effects of multiple crimps and cable length on reflection signatures from long cables.
		Reflection amplitudes were reduced by 500% as cable length increased from 94 m to 268 m.
		Signal reflections correspond to the first shear applied during the basic procedure, where the shear is 1.6 m in front of the crimp.
		Reflection amplitude is reduced by approximately 500% from 94 m to 268 m, and reflection width is increased, as cable lengths increase.
	www.iti.northwestern.edu /publications/tdr/1994_papers/cable.html (4642 words)

	Theory of Meteor Reflection \| International Meteor Organization
		The signal received from reflection on underdense trails is shown in Figure 3: a very steep rise of a few hundreds of a second is followed by an exponential decay of the received power.
		As the power of the received signal is proportional to the radius of the trail, the signal strength due to the reflection on the overdense part of the trail first increases, then decreases and finally abruptly disappears when no overdense part is left.
		This depends on the amplitude variations that are present in the signal: the faster the scattered amplitude varies, the greater the blurring of the spectrum.
	www.imo.net /radio/reflection (2548 words)

	Wikipedia: Signal reflection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Signal reflection occurs because when a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power will be reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end.
		In radio frequency (RF) practice, this is often measured in a dimensionless ratio known as VSWR with a VSWR bridge.
		Because damage to the cable can cause reflections, an instrument called an electrical time domain reflectometer ETDR (for electrical cables) or an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR (for optical cables) can be used to locate where damage to a cable has occurred.
	en.pediax.org /Signal_reflection (298 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since this is actually the amplitude the voltage in plus the voltage of the reflected signal, the actual volatage put out by the function generator is 0.5 V. The duty cycle on the function generator was activated and adjusted so that the width of the square waver at its maximum was 1 micro-s.
		The amplitude of the signal on the oscilloscope, V-scope, was measured.
		This is due to the fact that coaxial cable was used to transmit the signal from the function generator to the oscilloscope and from the oscilloscope to the speaker cable.
	www.physics.niu.edu /~eads/lab4.txt (0 words)

	Effects of Multiple Crimps and Cable Length on Reflection Signatures from Long Cables
		Since a 10 mm shear produces a 4 to 5 mρ reflection amplitude at this distance, TDR is limited in quantification of deformation to larger shearing events with long cables.
		This general trend of minor degradation (less than 1 mρ) of prior signal reflections due to a second crimp was noted for all lengths of cable investigated.
		The reflection at the open end appeared to have increased about 2 mρ, but this increase was considered negligible since the original amplitude at the open end was about 750 mρ.
	www.iti.northwestern.edu /publications/cable.html (4676 words)

	Signal reflection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Signal reflection occurs because when a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power will be reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end.
		In radio frequency (RF) practice, this is often measured in a dimensionless ratio known as VSWR with a VSWR bridge.
		Because damage to the cable can cause reflections, an instrument called an electrical time domain reflectometer ETDR (for electrical cables) or an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR (for optical cables) can be used to locate where damage to a cable has occurred.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal_reflection (286 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The signal reflected from the end of the trace reaches the negative reflection point at termination resistor and reflects back to the receiver with a level that practically compensates the initial overshoot.
		The signal reflected from the end of the stub segment or the loaded section of the main line sees the driver's output, 22 Ohms (it is an LVT244 driver and approximate output impedance may be determined from the output characteristic), and a transmission line, 46 Ohms, connected in parallel.
		From the Figure 7 diagram it is clear that reflections of the signal from the stub's end and then again from the point of main line connection create the pattern that we have seen in simulation.
	www.planetanalog.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=12801966 (0 words)

	Definition of Signal reflection
		When a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power is reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end.
		Because damage to the cable can cause reflections, an instrument called an electrical time domain reflectometer ETDR (for electrical cables) or an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR (for optical cables) can be used to locate where damage to a cable has occurred.
		If only reflection magnitudes are desired, however, and exact fault locations are not required, VSWR bridges perform a similar but lesser function for RF cables.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Signal_reflection (314 words)

	Willtek - Glossary
		Crosstalk between circuit modules may lead to a signal value being displayed when an input signal with a frequency equal to one of the intermediate frequencies is applied, even if the analyzer is not tuned to this frequency.
		A parameter to qualify the behavior in presence of an evenly distributed broadband load: the ratio between the density of a noise input signal to the analyzer and the density of the spurious responses of the analyzer (û ~ noise floor, û ~ noise distortion, intermodulation noise).
		The magnitudes of the transmission factor and the reflection coefficient are measured.
	www.willtek.com /english/glossary (5190 words)

	Reservoirs Without Seismic Reflection Signal, by Bob Hardage, #40261 (2007).
		Outside the circled areas, the Caddo reflection is robust because a thin carbonate layer extends across this local area and creates a significant P-wave impedance contrast with the overlying shale.
		Inside each circled area, the Caddo reflection is absent, or minimal, because there is no significant P-wave impedance contrast between the sandstone that infilled the erosional channel and its sealing shale.
		To position a well that will penetrate this particular sand, an interpreter has to adopt the attitude that “no reflection signal is good.” To illustrate this principle, the average reflection trough amplitude calculated in a narrow 30-ms window immediately below the top of the Caddo horizon is displayed as Figure 3.
	www.searchanddiscovery.com /documents/2007/07104gc0907_hardage/index.htm (679 words)

	Signal Mirrors - Paul Wiltse
		It reflected light was significantly less than that of any of the other products evaluated, and the reflection was very diffused.
		Its reflection was brighter than that of the glass mirror, although this may be an unfair comparison, due to its larger size.
		Part of the key to its reflective ability, however, may lie in the quality of its mirror - the reflected spot size from 85 feet was significantly smaller than that of any other mirror in our survey.
	www.seakayakermag.com /2001/01Oct/mirror4.htm (1426 words)

	Force reflection with compliance control - Patent 5239246
		The problem of poor force reflection is not specific to this testbed system, but rather inherent to the conventional FR control scheme being used for dissimilar master-slave systems where the slave system usually has much higher stiffness than the effective stiffness of the human hand holding the force reflecting hand controller.
		Although this position-error-based force reflection technique has been widely used in replica master-slave arms as a standard approach to achieve the unity force reflection gain, its implementation to dissimilar master-slave arms resulted in poor force reflection, since the slave arm is usually much stiffer than the operator's hand holding the hand controller (master arm).
		In order to characterize the force reflection and compliance behavior of the system, the force-input/digital-output characteristic of the force/torque sensor and the digital-input/force-output characteristic of the force reflecting hand controller were roughly measured manually by using a force gauge.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5239246.html (0 words)

	Package-Level Interconnect Design for Optimum Electrical Performance
		Reflection degrades signal integrity and is a primary cause of phenomena such as ringback and over/undershoot.
		Avoid referencing a signal to a power/ground reference that is not the primary reference for that signal.
		A signal must be referenced to the power plane that is supplying power for that signal not just to any power plane in the package.
	developer.intel.com /technology/itj/q32000/articles/art_3d.htm (0 words)

	Catogory 6 cabling
		When the transmitter injects signal on to a pair, any reflection of that signal can end up as noise in that pair’s own receiver (transmission echo).
		Signal reflections are caused by impedance mismatches such as connecting a 98 ohm cable to a 101 ohm connector, or by impedance variations in the cable.
		The amount of signal reflection is quantified by a new parameter called return loss.
	www.connectek.net /pages/cat6.htm (0 words)

	Magnum Dynalab Ltd. - ST-2 Antenna and Signal Sleuth
		Signal interference problems generally increase as the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas increases.
		It is one or more mult-path signals arriving at your antenna out of time/phase synch with the main signal that usually disrupts the quality of the signal, rendering it "fuzzy", and very often, unlistenable.
		Weak signals are amplified, thereby offering the possibility of listening to some of the fringe FM stations that are impossible to receive under ordinary conditions.
	www.magnumdynalab.com /x_revst2sleuth.htm (0 words)

	Crustal Convolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A synthetic signal is used throughout this study, except in tests where we wi sh to consider the effects of noise such as in the first section.
		Convolution with the crust drags a signal backwards or forewards depending on the thickness of the crust and the wavelength of the signal.
		If a signal can be shifted 0.5 secs in either direction, there is the potential for the difference of two signals to be shifted by as much as one second.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~mwest/qmda_proj/crustal_convolution.html (0 words)

	GPS Research Page
		The signal reflection footprint on the surface of the earth is defined by the intersection of equi-range and equi-Doppler contours in what is called the glistening zone, which is centered on the specular reflection point..
		The delay of the reflected signal with respect to the direct signal is analogous to a radar altimetry measurement.
		The distribution of the reflected signal is analogous to a scatterometer observation.
	gps.csr.utexas.edu /reflect (0 words)

	Introduction to the players (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reflectivity information is derived using the homodyne method, resulting in a signal that has frequency components at twice the frequency of the original and at DC.
		The amplitude of this signal is proportional to the phase difference between the transmitted and reflected pulse, which itself is a function of reflector distance from the antennae.
		The GEMS signal was observed to vary in both amplitude and composition, occasionally exhibiting slight distortions, probably due to the saturation of the GEMS’s amplifiers.
	www.aliph.com /burnett_thesis/2_1.htm (0 words)

	AGS Chamber Tests 7/1/02
		The connectors for the signal cables and bias voltage are not isolated from the box.
		The reflection signals are smaller on channels 7-12 than they are on channels 1-6 (compare Figs 1 & 2 with Figs 3 & 4).
		The reflection signals have a DC offset of ~40-50mV.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /~wood/chmbrTest7_1_02.html (0 words)

	Signal reflection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power is reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end.
		This happens because of imperfections in the cable causing impedance miss matching and non linear changes in the cable characteristics.
		If only reflection magnitudes are desired, however, and exact fault locations are not required, VSWR bridges perform a similar but lesser function for RF cables.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/s/si/signal_reflection.html (0 words)

	Printed Circuit Board Layout
		Signal integrity is the ability of a signal to generate correct responses in a circuit.
		Signal skew is the difference in time in arrival of one signal to different receivers on the same net.
		Jitter is an abrupt and unwanted variation of one or more signal characteristics, such as the interval between successive pulses, the amplitude of successive cycles, or the frequency or phase of successive cycles.
	www.shax-eng.com /pcb_layout_technique.htm (0 words)

	Signal reflection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre,there is the possibility that some of the signal power is reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the wayalong the cable to the far end.
		Because damage to the cable can cause reflections, an instrument called an electrical time domain reflectometer ETDR (for electrical cables) or an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR(for optical cables) can be used to locate where damage to a cable has occurred.
		If only reflection magnitudes are desired, however,and exact fault locations are not required, VSWR bridges perform a similar but lesser function for RF cables.
	www.therfcc.org /signal-reflection-2011.html (0 words)

	Compartment-Resolved Imaging of Activity-Dependent Dynamics of Cortical Blood Volume and Oximetry -- Vanzetta et al. 25 ...
		on the fluorescence and the near-isosbestic reflection signals.
		Examples of arterioles are indicated by fl arrowheads; venules are indicated by white arrowheads; the artery is indicated by a fl dot; the vein is indicated by a white dot; parenchyma (i.e., mostly capillary network) are indicated by a white ellipse.
		signal amplitude caused by the weaker absorption of hemoglobin
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/25/9/2233 (0 words)

	Signal Scattering
		If the reflection is not total, it will also partially transmit into the new impedance.
		We can depict the partial reflection and transmission as shown in Fig.
		The computation of reflection and transmission in both directions, as shown in Fig.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~jos/waveguide/Signal_Scattering.html (0 words)

	Reflection-CD
		It can mean Mirror Image, which is used frequently in music and is used here in the tune "Reflection" where the 2nd half is a mirror of the 1st half.
		Reflection can also mean Indication (sign or signal).
		The second half is a reflection (mirror image) of the first half.
	www.reflection-cd.com (1312 words)

	Reflections are the new drop shadows - Signal vs. Noise (by 37signals)
		This is Signal vs. Noise, a weblog by 37signals about entrepreneurship, design, experience, simplicity, constraints, pop culture, our products, products we like, and more.
		Except reflections imply a different spatial sense than drop shadows and thus confuse the eye where as drop shadows can all be jumbled and thrown on to make layers and depth reflections only serve to distort the mind.
		I already had the feeling that reflections were everywhere and briefed my designer not to use them - big sites using them is a sure indication that their hype cycle has gone over its peak.
	37signals.com /svn/archives2/reflections_are_the_new_drop_shadows.php (2545 words)

	G7IZU Radio Reflection Detection Page
		Meteors entering the atmosphere within the reflection range of distant transmitters cause signal reflections to show on the FFT display in various ways, dependant on their size, direction of travel, and the ability of the ionized trail left by the meteor to reflect the signal.
		The signal is spread out due to the rapid Doppler shift caused by the charged particles in the auroral curtain rapidly moving.
		These occur on strong reflections from any analogue European TV carrier, and are caused by the modulation of the TV carrier which is locked to mains frequency (50 Hz).
	www.tvcomm.co.uk /radio (2321 words)

	Calculations for PWB Trace Termination and Reflection values
		Calculations for Signal propagation rate [by board type], and reflection amplitude and frequency are shown after the termination examples.
		The voltage reflection is based only on the rise time of the signal and is caused by the impedance mismatch [ripple amplitude], and the trace length [ripple period].
		Reflections due to trace via's, moving from one PWB layer to another, or other devices on the line may reduce the 1.77v low level shown above even more.
	www.interfacebus.com /Design_Termination.html (3065 words)

	Propagation of Waves
		Angle of Reflection = the angle between the direction of propagation of the reflected wave and a line perpendicular to the boundary, also on the same side of the surface.
		The angle of reflection = The angle of incidence
		The signal is reflected by the E-region and scattered in all directions.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/navy/docs/es310/propagat/Propagat.htm (0 words)

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