Signal to noise ratio

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	Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Signal-to-noise ratio is closely related to the concept of dynamic range, where dynamic range measures the ratio between noise and the greatest un-distorted signal on a channel.
		Related measures are the "contrast ratio" and the "contrast to noise ratio".
		In image processing, the SNR of an image is usually defined as the ratio of the mean pixel value to the standard deviation of the pixel values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio (844 words)

	Glossary: Signal To Noise Ratio Sweetwater.com
		Signal to noise ratio concerns us every time we pass audio (or video or data) though anything, and knowing what factors in our setup (such as gain structure) affect it is a fundamental part of building clean, quiet systems and mixes.
		While signal to noise ratio is often used as a specification to characterize relative quality differences in equipment, the way in which measurements must be done, and the degree to which they can differ, makes the true objectivity of such measurements highly suspect.
		The maximum signal to noise ratio (which in many schools of thought is equivalent to dynamic range) of a given piece of equipment can be an important thing to know.
	www.sweetwater.com /expert-center/glossary/t--signaltonoiseratio (409 words)

	Remote Viewing and Signal-To-Noise Ration
		The full meaning of the signal-to-noise ratio, then, is that we live within a signal-to-noise universe, or a signal-to-noise world, where the ratios between the signals and the noise are of crucial and critical importance.
		Noise is also accidental or random fluctuation in electric circuits due to motion of the current carriers.
		From this concept of noise, the term is used as an adjective to denote unwanted fluctuations in quantities that are desired to remain constant (or clear and not interfered with.)
	www.biomindsuperpowers.com /Pages/RVandSignalToNoise.html (4370 words)

	Snap Classic Search for Signal to Noise Ratio
		Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N, SNR) - Gloss...
		Signal-to-Noise Ratio The signal-to-noise ratio of an observation is:..
		Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure of the strength of a..
	snap.com /search.php?query=Signal+to+Noise+Ratio&... (512 words)

	Notes on signal to noise ratio.
		Where R is the signal to noise ratio and the signal and noise are measured in millivolts.
		Signal to noise ratios are calculated from the peak to peak value of the video signal.
		There are several sources of noise; poor circuit design, heat, over-amplification, external influences, automatic gain control, transmission systems such as microwave, infrared etc. The important factor that determines the tolerance of noise is the amount of noise in the video signal, the signal to noise ratio.
	www.cctv-information.co.uk /constant2/sn_ratio.html (1276 words)

	Signal-To-Noise_Ratio
		When signal and noise are less clearly distinguishable, the signal-to-noise ratio is said to be poor or low.
		A signal-to-noise ratio is said to be favorable when the signal predominates; that is, it can be clearly distinguished from the noise, and exceeds it by at least 60 dB.
		For example, the ratio between the input signal and the system noise of an amplifier.
	www.sfu.ca /sonic-studio/handbook/Signal-To-Noise_Ratio.html (80 words)

	jargon, node: signal-to-noise ratio
		signal-to-noise ratio [from analog electronics] /n./ Used by hackers in a generalization of its technical meaning.
		`Signal' refers to useful information conveyed by some communications medium, and `noise' to anything else on that medium.
		Hence a low ratio implies that it is not worth paying attention to the medium in question.
	jargon.net /jargonfile/s/signal-to-noiseratio.html (80 words)

	Signal-to-Noise Ratio - Computerworld
		The measure of that intelligibility is called its signal-to-noise ratio.
		Therefore, whenever a data signal is sent across a transmission channel, such as a copper wire or a radio-frequency broadcast, background electromagnetic interference (EMI), or noise, accompanies that signal.
		A wireless signal dissipates at a significant rate - it's inversely proportional to the square of the distance traveled - as it radiates outward in all directions.
	www.computerworld.com /mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,56253,00.html (1468 words)

	signal-to-noise ratio
		The signal-to noise ratio is one tenth that of previous detectors.
		The 63-decibel signal-to-noise ratio is equivalent to the one typically achieved with CCD sensors.
		MRS findings were considered positive if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the choline resonance peak was greater than or equal to 2 and the results were...
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/signal-to-noise_ratio.html (2665 words)

	Photometrics - Encyclopedia
		Specifically, it is the ratio of the measured signal to the overall measured noise (frame-to-frame) at that pixel.
		In CCD imaging, SNR refers to the relative magnitude of the signal compared to the uncertainty in that signal on a per-pixel basis.
		These photoelectrons comprise the signal but also carry a statistical variation of fluctuations in the photon arrival rate at a given point.
	www.photomet.com /library_enc_signal.shtml (470 words)

	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
		A signal to noise ratio of 3 to 1 is often required as a minimum.
		The signal-to-noise ratio is a measure of how the signal from the defect compares to other background reflections (categorized as "noise").
		The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is inversely proportional to material density and acoustic velocity.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/Physics/signaltonoise.htm (436 words)

	Signal Noise Ratio measurements index back site search acronyms discussion mail to a friend post message ePanorama net Audio Documents noise ratio General information S N and dynamic range really
		Often the S/N ratio (signal to noise ratio) is used for the ratio between the output level corresponding to a 1kHz digital full scale sine wave and the output level due to noise when the input is muted (digital zero).
		This is more accurately called the idle channel noise ratio and can be enhanced by using logic within the DAC to mute the output when a digital zero is being received.
		The dynamic range is similar except the noise is measured in the presence of a 1kHz signal at -60dBFS.
	www.radiolocman.com /electrical-engineering/circuit-cache.html?di=18865 (432 words)

	signal-to-noise ratio - a Whatis.com definition - see also: SNR, S/N
		In analog and digital communications, signal-to-noise ratio, often written S/N or SNR, is a measure of signal strength relative to background noise.
		, then the signal-to-noise ratio, S/N, in decibels is given by the formula
		In this type of situation, reliable communication is generally not possible unless steps are taken to increase the signal level and/or decrease the noise level at the destination (receiving) computer or terminal.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213018,00.html (372 words)

	Signal To Noise Ratio
		The signal to noise ratio is the difference between the noise floor and the reference level.
		Many people believe that a piece of electronic equipment (equalizer, amplifier, crossover...) with a slightly higher signal to noise (s/n) ratio is infinitely better than one with a slightly lower s/n ratio.
		Consider the louder part to be the 'signal' and the lower part to be the 'noise'.
	www.bcae1.com /sig2nois.htm (1084 words)

	Peak signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phrase peak signal-to-noise ratio, often abbreviated PSNR, is an engineering term for the ratio between the maximum possible power of a signal and the power of corrupting noise that affects the fidelity of its representation.
		Because many signals have a very wide dynamic range, PSNR is usually expressed in terms of the logarithmic decibel scale.
		The PSNR is most commonly used as a measure of quality of reconstruction in image compression etc. It is most easily defined via the mean squared error (MSE) which for two m×n monochrome images I and K where one of the images is considered a noisy approximation of the other is defined as:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peak_signal-to-noise_ratio (246 words)

	Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Signal-to-noise ratio is closely related to the concept of dynamic range, where dynamic range measures the ratio between noise and the greatest un-distorted signal on a channel.
		Related measures are the "contrast ratio" and the "contrast to noise ratio".
		With an interferometric system however, where interest lies in the signal from one arm only, the field of the electromagnetical wave is proportional to the voltage (assuming that the intensity in the second, the reference arm is constant).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio (844 words)

	signal-to-noise ratio from FOLDOC
		The signal gets lost in the noise when it becomes too much effort to try to find interesting articles among all the crud.
		Here it is quite common to have more noise (inappropriate postings which contribute nothing) than signal (relevant, useful or interesting postings).
		Posting "noise" is probably the worst breach of netiquette and is a waste of bandwidth.
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?signal-to-noise+ratio (132 words)

	eBay - signal ..., Parts Accessories, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com
		Signal Booster for Motorola V1050 V980 V975 V810 V710
		Signal Booster for Nokia 3650 6600 9300 9500 9210 9210i
		Signal Booster for ROKR V3X SLVR L7 E1 V220 MPX220 V6
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=signal+...&newu=1&krd=1 (523 words)

	signal-to-noise ratio
		The ratio of the strength of a signal to the strength of any background noise that might also be present.
		The higher the SNR, the more easily the signal can be distinguished.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/SNR.html (112 words)

	Quantification and Improvement of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in a Magnetic Resonance Image Acquisition Procedure - Sijbers, Scheunders, Bonnet, Van Dyck, Raman (ResearchIndex)
		The proposed correlation technique is also used to improve the SNR by estimating the amplitude of the signal spectrum.
		To test the performance of the quanti#cation, SNR measurement data are #tted to theoretically expected curves.
		The technique is applied to a set of MR images and...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /283481.html (402 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'signal-to-noise ratio'
		The signal-to-noise ratio is difficult to quantify accurately because it is difficult to completely separate signal from noise.
		The signal-to-noise ratio can be expressed mathematically as S/N or S/(S+N), although S/N is more commonly used.
		The ratio of desirable to undesirable (or total) energy.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=signal-to-noise+ratio (73 words)

	Definition: signal-to-noise ratio
		signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time.
		In defining or specifying the SNR, both the signal and noise should be characterized, e.g., peak-signal-to-peak-noise ratio, in order to avoid ambiguity.
		Note 2: SNR is usually expressed in dB and in terms of peak values for impulse noise and root-mean-square values for random noise.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_signal-to-noise_ratio.html (110 words)

	On the signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance oscillator spectrometers
		Some measurements of noise and signal-to-noise ratio are reported and are shown to be in agreement with theory.
		The nmr signal-to-noise ratios in the am and fm modes are then calculated.
		It is found that fm detection of nmr signals is insensitive to 1/f oscillator noise.
	stacks.iop.org /0022-3735/4/725 (212 words)

	Feature details: Signal-to-Noise Ratio
		This spec compares the strength of the signal to the level of background noise.
	www.sonicelectronix.com /feature_details.php?id=54 (14 words)

	Expose Right
		The first is that it will maximize the signal to noise ratio.
		The second is that it will minimize the posterization and noise that potentially occurs in the darker regions of the image.
		If you are hand-holding the camera, or shooting moving objects, the tradeoff may not be worth the reduced noise level.
	www.luminous-landscape.com /tutorials/expose-right.shtml (1871 words)

	CarDomain - Shopping
		Refers to the ratio of the signal power at a certain reference point in a circuit to the noise power which would exist there if the signal were removed.
		For example, if an amplifier has a signal-to-noise ratio of 60dB, the signal power at the output is 60dB above the noise power.
	www.cardomain.com /glossary/glossary.pl?term=signal-to-noise+ratio (61 words)

	Benchmark-Clean Audio Guide (7.0)
		This yields an average signal-to-noise ratio of 97 dB and peak signal-to-noise ratio (dynamic range) of 120 dB.
		The noise figure is referenced to the Johnson noise of the resistive portion of a transducer's source impedance.
		The noise increases slowly as the amplification is increased to 40 dB where the output noise is approximately -88 dBu.
	www.benchmarkmedia.com /caig/html/caig07.html (2137 words)

	Signal Noise Ratio measurements index back site search acronyms discussion mail to a friend post message ePanorama net Audio Documents noise ratio General information S N and dynamic range really
		Often the S/N ratio (signal to noise ratio) is used for the ratio between the output level corresponding to a 1kHz digital full scale sine wave and the output level due to noise when the input is muted (digital zero).
		This is more accurately called the idle channel noise ratio and can be enhanced by using logic within the DAC to mute the output when a digital zero is being received.
		The dynamic range is similar except the noise is measured in the presence of a 1kHz signal at -60dBFS.
	www.radiolocman.com /electrical-engineering/circuit-cache.html?di=18865 (432 words)

	22834.000420&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		The base ratio PSNRo is taken as an experimental value of signal to noise ratio employing the finest allowable quantisation and a pre-determined quantisation weighting matrix The sum provides an average quantiser scale value for the picture, the average being taken in the logarithmic domain over all the macroblocks in the picture.
		A method for estimating the signal to noise ratio of a picture signal decoded from a compressed bit-stream, comprising the steps of determining the quantization values employed in said compression and deriving said estimate by processing said values.
		The second median filter input is the sum of the combined blockiness measure and the uncorrected signal whilst the third input is the output of a filter constructed to remove those horizontal and vertical spatial frequencies associated with blockiness.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/22834.000420&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2997 words)

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