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	Signal trace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On a printed circuit board, a signal trace is the printed circuit equivalent of a wire for carrying electrical signals.
		Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching.
		Signal traces are usually narrower than power / ground traces because their current carrying requirements are often much less.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal_trace (81 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040238213
		In particular, the present invention recognizes that the reflections on traces on printed circuit boards are at least partially caused by the non-uniform impedance profile that is presented to the trace as the trace's proximity to ground vias changes as it traverses the printed circuit board.
		Typically, the trace's proximity to ground vias is different when the trace passes through connector footprints where there are ground vias in close proximity in contrast to when the trace passes between connector footprints where there are few, if any, ground vias in close proximity.
		Trace 320 is substantially straight along its course from signal via 311-1 to signal via 313-1, and its corners are rounded.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040238213".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040238213&RS=DN/20040238213 (3132 words)

	LINDH Teknik - Klockor på PCB
		Signal degradation is a concern if the edge time of the signal constitutes a significant percentage of the propagation time between the device load intervals.
		RF flux present on a trace is generally observed at a distance that is equal to the width of the trace.
		When the trace must route against the power plane, use of a ground trace is required, with vias at both ends of the ground trace routed parallel, and adjacent, to the signal trace tied to the 0V reference plane.
	www.lindhteknik.se /ce/emc_pcbclk.html (2597 words)

	strace
		And programmers will find that since system calls and signals are events that happen at the user/kernel interface, a close examination of this boundary is very useful for bug isolation, sanity checking and attempting to capture race conditions.
		If the parent process decides to wait(2) for a child that is currently being traced, it is suspended until an appropriate child process either terminates or incurs a signal that would cause it to terminate (as determined from the childâs current signal dis- position).
		A traced process which tries to block SIGTRAP will be sent a SIGSTOP in an attempt to force continuation of tracing.
	gd.tuwien.ac.at /linuxcommand.org/man_pages/strace1.html (2499 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By matching the impedance of the conducting traces 30a-c, reflections are reduced between the conducting traces and the resistors 20a-c thereby reducing symbol interference of propagating signals.
		Thus, a signal originating at CPU 40b or 40c must first be transmitted to and re-transmitted from the master CPU 40a for sufficient signal magnitude to couple across the second coupler.
		The signal's wavelength may be, for example, the wavelength of the carrier frequency of a quadrature-amplitude modulated signal, the wavelength corresponding to the edge transition rate of a modulated pulse waveform, or other wavelength measure.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/90352.031030&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6301 words)

	Transmission line configurations
		One critical parameter is the characteristic impedance of the PCB trace (that is, the ratio of voltage to current of a wave moving down the signal transmission line).
		The devices mounted on a PCB themselves possess characteristic impedance and the impedance of the interconnecting PCB traces must be chosen to match the characteristic impedance of the logic family in use.
		The signal and return lines differ in geometry — the cross-section of the signal conductor is different from that of the return ground plane conductor.
	www.polarinstruments.com /support/cits/AP121.html (732 words)

	Device for automatic processing of signals recorded on an oscilloscope screen - Patent 4034362
		The light intensity of the trace is inversely proportional to the scanning rate of the oscilloscope but the use of an imaging system with storage target achieves enhanced brightness, thus permitting the observation of traces which are not visible to the naked eye, that is, a gain in information.
		The signal H.sub.1 is the signal emitted by the clock 36, the signal H'.sub.1 being a signal of the same frequency as the signal H.sub.1 which is emitted by the same clock and displaced by one half-period with respect to the signal H.sub.1.
		Finally, the automatic process for observing the center of the trace of the signal x(t) avoids the need for a study of microdensitometry on photographs whereas such a study was essential in the prior art and proved to be particularly tedious.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4034362.html (5434 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Single-ended signaling (or unbalanced signaling) is a mode of signal transmission where one conductor carries a signal with respect to a common ground.
		Simply crossing the traces could compensate for the connector path length difference, such that at the exit end of the traces trace 118b connected to the connector pin with the longer path length.
		Looked at strictly from a trace length standpoint this is counterintuitive, since inserting the longest horizontal trace signals to and extracting them from the bottommost high-speed layer adds even more length-almost two-thirds of an inch in the described embodiments-to those signal paths as compared to a comparable path on the topmost layer.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/73809.030904&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (11485 words)

	Calculations for PWB Trace Termination and Reflection values
		In this case Fly-By termination increases the trace length by an inch, the resistor is still an inch from the input pin, but at the end of the trace and not an inch before the input pin.
		If the trace is unterminated or terminated with a resistor value that does not match the trace impedance than a reflection will occur [shown in the next two signal pulses].
		Trace impedance is inversely proportional to trace width and directly proportional to trace height above the ground plane.
	www.interfacebus.com /Design_Termination.html (3920 words)

	Computationally efficient weighting and vertical stacking methods and apparatus for improving signal-to-noise ratio of ...
		Consequently, the noise is suppressed, and the seismic signal is emphasized.
		Among the coded signals which can be radioed is a code to inverse power weight and vertically stack seismic-trace signals as well as the exponent to be used for weighting which is selectable for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the composite seismic-trace signal.
		The composite seismic-trace signal is held and then recorded on the tape 28 as the next sequence of initiations of the seismic source begins and the first incoming seismic-trace signal of the next sequence is read.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4561074.html (9060 words)

	Designing controlled-impedance vias :EDNAsia.com: The design source for electronics engineers and managers worldwide ...
		D is the diameter of one via, and a is the center-to-center distance between the signal and the ground via.
		If the trace is much smaller than the via, the transition from the 50½ trace to the via pad causes an unwanted discontinuity.
		It can become an issue when the separation between the ground via and the trace is smaller than the distance between the trace and the reference layer, creating additional capacitance for the trace and again dropping the trace impedance to less than 50½.
	www.ednasia.com /article.asp?id=339 (2339 words)

	LAB732 - High Pass Filtering Acquired Signals
		Trace B, the smoothed trace subtracted from the original, showing the high frequency component which was superimposed on the power supply voltage.
		In figure 2 the signal of interest is the high frequency one, and subtraction of the enhanced resolution waveform was used to eliminate a low frequency background voltage.
		Traces C and D are used to FFT and FFT average the high pass filtered signal.
	www.lecroy.com /tm/library/labs/lab732?menuid=2 (558 words)

	Ground Proximity and Spacing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Typically, the ground traces should be at least three times wider than the signal trace to reduce inductance, crosstalk, and fringing effects.
		The signal trace embedded in the dielectric, the ground plane underneath a dielectric layer, the ground plane over a dielectric layer, creating a sandwich.
		The signal trace will have more crosstalk on the unguarded side and the ground line inductance is increased.
	www.dcoax.com /tutorial/groundprox.html (151 words)

	California Micro Devices - Applications - AP-200 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the past, however, the devices that drove the traces usually had signal edge rise and fall times that were more than twice the time it took for the wave to propagate through the trace, so simpler lumped element models were valid.
		Signal traces between the reference plane (stripline) will usually have a more predictable impedance environment than signal traces on the board’s surface (microstrip).
		Accordingly, it is important that the termination device have the same termination characteristics for the higher harmonics of the switching signal as the fundamental frequency.
	www.calmicro.com /applications/appdocs/html/ap-200.html (2241 words)

	DSP-10 LTI MODE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A "Long-Term trace" is produced on the DSP-10 screen by simply averaging the total of the spectral signal powers that have been received.
		The yellow trace is self scaling and sometimes it is desirable to allow portions of the trace to run off the screen.
		The equivalent amount of effective Signal to Noise improvement is shown on the right "xx.xdB." The third and fourth lines indicate the amount of signal found at the center frequency.
	members.ispwest.com /kd7ts/ver3/wksiglti.html (2634 words)

	In re Johnson
		A chronologically small portion of a particular seismic trace (termed a reference trace) is examined and is compared with corresponding portions of spatially adjacent seismic traces in order to define a coherent signal component common to all of the traces being examined.
		The coherent signal component is then separated from the totality of the recorded seismic data present in the portion of the reference trace being examined, and the remainder is considered noise.
		The shape of the trace in each of the intervals or time “windows” being examined can, if the assumptions about the nature of the process are valid, be used to extract multiple reflections by defining the existence of such a multiple reflection in the later occurring portion of the trace.
	digital-law-online.info /cases/200PQ199.htm (6387 words)

	Digital Clock Transmission Lines and Terminations on Printed Circuit Boards
		If we solve the inequality for trace length, we can easily find that a signal with a 100 nS edge can be routed over about 5 meters of PCB trace before we need to worry about using termination components.
		If the signal edge rate is reduced to 1 nS however, then we must use a termination for traces that are greater than about 5 centimeters in length.
		If we find that the inequality in equation #1 is not valid, then the signal rise time is very “slow”, and/or the trace is very short.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/pubs/newsletters/emcs/jan98/practical.htm (454 words)

	The problem of ADC and mixed-signal grounding and layout for dynamic performance while minimizing RFI/EMI
		Doubling the trace thickness (height) to 0.003 inches would double the volume (cross-sectional area) of the conductor while reducing its AC resistance by only 17%.
		If the trace width is doubled to 0.012 inches, doubling the surface area and again increasing the trace cross-sectional area by a factor of 2, the AC resistance is reduced by 44%.
		The inductance of the wire or trace forces the current through it to flow only in its surface, so the effective crosssectional area of that trace is drastically reduced, raising the conductor resistance as frequency increases.
	www.national.com /nationaledge/nov04/adc_article.html (1247 words)

	Joy Signal Technology - Z-Trace Connectors
		Joy Signal's Z-Trace is a fully shielded interconnect system utilizing the latest technology and materials available.
		Individual terminations are both side to side and end to end stackable on.100" grid pin field and click-in to the carriers for easy configuration by the ATE manufacturer or the end user.
		The Z-Trace System is designed for applications with signals from DC to over 3 Ghz and rise times as low as 100 picoseconds.
	www.joysignal.com /ztrace.htm (244 words)

	Douglas Brooks Articles
		The Effects of Vias on PCB Traces UltraCAD was given a grant by the Washington Technology Center to study the effects of vias on printed circuit boards.
		It looks at the relationship between trace configuration, current, and temperature rise in PCB traces and is based on two data sources --- the graphs we are all familiar with in IPC-D-275 and another article that appeared in Design News back in 1968.
		It is important for designers to know where the signal RETURN current is flowing, because EMI can be directly related to the area defined by the signal trace and its return path.
	www.ultracad.com /articles.htm (1517 words)

	ActionScript.org Forums - Parsing XML into an array
		04-16-2003 08:07 PM i think your tracing your array before your xml file is done loading...
		Your trace() function gets fired before the XML file is loaded, so you get to see nothing...
		It is always a good idea to add something visible when you use trace() function so that you can see that the trace() function gets fired...
	www.actionscript.org /forums/printthread.php3?t=26402 (345 words)

	[No title]
		TRACE("signaling watcher daemon to continue"); catchError(kill(CS461Daemon, SIGUSR1), -1, "signal to daemon"); // Re-establish this handler catchError((unsigned)signal(sig, CS461EventHandler), (unsigned)SIG_ERR, "CS461EventHandler setup"); } static void CS461WatcherDaemonHandler(int sig) // To avoid a race condition in send the child a signal and // recieving a response with something like select, this signal // handler deals with child responses.
		CS461WatcherDaemon(); exit(0); } else { // For the child, we set up the signal handler to catch // signals from the parent (watcher daemon).
		Depending on the // state of interrupts, it may call the callbacks provided bye // the higher level or update state to have them called one // interrupts are allowed once again.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /courses/archive/spr2000/cs461/interface.c (702 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		at least one signal trace disposed adjacent said first surface of said first dielectric layer in a first signal area;
		at least one other signal trace disposed adjacent said second surface of said first dielectric layer in a second signal area, said signal trace in said second signal area being coupled to said signal trace in said first signal area;
		a third reference plane disposed adjacent an opposite surface of said second dielectric layer, said third reference plane configured to receive a second reference potential for signals on said signal trace in said first signal area, said first and second reference potentials being different.
	www.uspto.gov /web/patents/patog/week02/OG/html/1290-2/US06842344-20050111.html (271 words)

	Radio electronics \| TutorGig.co.uk Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		'Radio electronics' is the sub-field of electrical engineering concerning itself with the class of electronic circuits which receive or transmit radio signals.
		Typically such circuits must operate at radio frequency and power levels, which imposes special constraints on their design.
		At microwave frequencies, the reactance of signal traces becomes a crucial part of the physical layout of the circuit.
	www.tutorgig.co.uk /ed/Radio_electronics (251 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		a ground plane to connect said signal trace line to a ground;
		an additional length segment within said signal trace line to increase the transit time of said signal through said signal trace line;
		said additional length segment when added to said signal trace line is to increase the transit time at said signal through said signal trace line out of a resonance range.
	www.uspto.gov /web/patents/patog/week09/OG/html/1292-1/US06861921-20050301.html (140 words)

	Tech itch & Kemal - The Calling / Signal Trace (moving shadow) - dnbforum.com
		Tech itch and Kemal - The Calling / Signal Trace (moving shadow) - dnbforum.com
		Tech itch and Kemal - The Calling / Signal Trace (moving shadow)
		This one's gonna be tricky so I'll put it differently to how I normally do.
	dnbforum.com /showthread.php?t=2481 (266 words)

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