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Topic: Signal theory


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In the News (Mon 6 Jul 09)

  
  Signal Theory
Signal Theory is the name I have coined for a new method of defining and measuring states of consciousness, particularly when explaining and predicting the mind-expanding powers of  psychedelic chemicals on the brain’s perceptual processing capacity.
Signal Theory is derived from Cognitive Theory, a modern school of neuroscience that seeks to derive the functioning of the brain by identifying and following the active neural pathways where specific sensations, thoughts, and cognitive processes arise.
Signal Theory predicts that specific areas of the brain will increase in neural firing rate to correspond to the intensity of specific psychedelic phenomena, and that the synchrony of neural firing will remain constant between all active brain areas where standing feedback recursion is occurring.
www.tripzine.com /pit/signal_theory.htm   (5400 words)

  
 Signal Theory Poster : James Kent
Signal Theory may not be complex, but the principle of Occam's Razor suggests that all things being equal, the simplest explanation which answers all the questions is most likely the correct one.
Signal Theory does not rely on hidden functions of the brain or invisible spirit entities to explain how psychedelics work, it simply states that psychedelics amplify one of the brain's most essential functions: the use of feedback excitation to process and analyze sensory data.
Some people may feel that Signal Theory is too simple, and may take offense that it essentially reduces the mystery of the psychedelic state to loops of excited sensory data spinning out of control in your head.
www.tripzine.com /listing.php?smlid=697   (1540 words)

  
 Signal Detection   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
Signal Detection Theory is used to help determine how a person might make a decision in an uncertain situation.
Signal Duration - This value specifies how long the signal will be shown to the subject in milliseconds (1000ms = 1 second).
Signal Strength - This value will be the size in pixels of the signal (dot) presented to the subject.
cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu /CogsciSoftware/SignalDetection/index.html   (205 words)

  
 Signal (electrical engineering) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Signals are often scalar-valued functions of time (waveforms), but may be vector valued and may be functions of any other relevant independent variable.
For example, in information theory, a signal is a codified message, ie, the sequence of states in a communications channel that encodes a message.
For instance, if a signal is passed through an LTI system, the frequency spectrum of the resulting output signal is the product of the frequency spectrum of the original input signal and the frequency response of the system.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal_(information_theory)   (963 words)

  
 Algebraic Theory of Signal Processing
The algebraic theory of signal processing is a new approach to and an extension of linear signal processing (henceforth called SP), that is, SP built around the concepts of filters, spectrum, Fourier transform, and others.
The shift operator, which is at the heart of ergodic theory and dynamic systems, is a key concept in the algebraic theory: it is the generator of the algebra of filters A. Once the shift is chosen, a well-defined methodology leads to the associated signal model.
The theory is built on top of the concept of a signal model, which is defined as the triple (A, M, Phi), where A is a chosen algebra of filters, M an associated A-module of signals, and Phi a generalization of the z-transform.
www.ece.cmu.edu /~smart/research.html   (1518 words)

  
 A Signal Field Theory in Ecological Semiotics
The theory that we are about to illustrate furnishes an explanation of the animals" inter population and among species communication phenomena.
In the course of the movements of a recipient animal in its own or in group signal field, sign information is simultaneously being read and created for those individuals that are expected to come to the territory later.
The theory makes it possible to take into consideration both the subjectivity and the quantity of sign information in semiotic systems, which are organized respectively according to the hierarchy principle.
www.library.utoronto.ca /see/SEED/Vol3-1/Vladimirova_abstract.htm   (715 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory
The general problem of synthesis of complex signal processing systems may be separated into two particular categories: a choice of the best signals to attain the required results with due regard for the real situation, and optimal signal processing in noise.
Classical and modern signal detection theories are critiqued from the viewpoint of determination of jointly sufficient statistics of the parameters of the likelihood functions.
The influence of energy mismatching between the model signal and signal being studied on the detection performance of generalized detectors is examined.
www.ici.ro /ici/revista/sic2001_4/art10.html   (1147 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory
The starting point for signal detection theory is that nearly all reasoning and decision making takes place in the presence of some uncertainty.
When the signal is stronger there is less overlap in the probability of occurrence curves, and the ROC curve becomes more bowed.
Discriminability index (d'): Thus, the discriminability of a signal depends both on the separation and the spread of the noise-alone and signal-plus-noise curves.
www.cns.nyu.edu /~david/sdt/sdt.html   (2663 words)

  
 Signal detection theory can be applied to any situation in which there are two discrete states of the world that cannot ...
Signal detection theory can be applied to any situation in which there are two discrete states of the world that cannot easily be discriminated.
However, since the signal is not always intense in most signal detection tasks, misses and false alarms do occur, producing data in all four cells of the matrix.
Sensory evidence is aggregated concerning the presence or absence of a signal.
www.csulb.edu /org/hfes/Paradigm.htm   (293 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
The horizontal axis represents the respondent's level of certainty that the signal is present.
When a respondent has difficulty detecting the signal, the distance between the means of the distributions (d') may be small and the two distributions may overlap considerably.
The Criterion indicates the minimum level of certainty that is necessary for the respondent to say 'Yes, the signal is present.' Two respondents may differ considerably in their criterion, even when they are equally sensitive (have the same d').
wise.cgu.edu /sdt/sdt.html   (679 words)

  
 FNF: SIGNAL and  SIGN    SOURCE: Signal (information theory) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
information theory, a signal is the sequence of states of a communications channel that encodes a message.
The information carried by a signal may be measured either on a per second basis, or per transmitted symbol; that is, either in continuous or discrete time (ibid, 19).
Conversely, usage of signal in reference to a process that generates a transmitted sequence of states in a communications channel implies that this process is stochastic.
www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/signal.htm   (1419 words)

  
 Aerial & Signal Theory
If you have a horizontal aerial, and a signal is coming from a vertical aerial the radio waves will clash with the aerial, and the aerial will not absorb the the waves at their full potential and thus conduct the signal down the co-axial cable to the radio.
The one element that gives out the signal is the driven element and the ones in front are the director elements and the one behind is the reflector element.
It also directs the signal in one direction, not just all around, making it stronger and also increases the reception of other stations in the general direction of where the aerial is pointed.
www.roity.com /rc/airwaves.html   (1808 words)

  
 Dow Theory - MarketThoughts.com
That signal, however, was triggered just days before Black Monday, October 19, 1987, as the Dow Transports confirmed the Dow Industrials on the downside by breaking through its preceding secondary lows on October 15 (such a signal in the third phase of a primary bull market is taken to be a primary bear market signal).
More recently, numerous traders have tried to reduce the Dow Theory to a "system," where a series of confirmations of the Dow Jones Industrials by the Dow Jones Transports (or vice-versa) is taken to be "buy" or "sell" signals without regards to other factors such as valuation, economic conditions, and investor sentiment.
Waiting for such "signals," they claimed, would cause them to have missed a significant part of the move, and such moves can be costly.
www.marketthoughts.com /dow_theory.html   (3062 words)

  
 Welcome to the IEEE Signal Processing Society Homepage
The Signal Processing Society's Field of Interest shall be the theory and application of filtering, coding, transmitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, recording, and reproducing signals by digital or analog devices or techniques.
The Signal Processing Society is an international organization whose purpose is to: advance and disseminate state-of-the-art scientific information and resources; educate the signal processing community; and provide a venue for people to interact and exchange ideas.
We do this by: being a one-stop source of signal processing resources; providing a variety of high quality resources to a variety of users in formats customized to their interests; adapting to a rapidly changing technical community; and being intimately involved in the education of signal processing professionals at all levels.
www.ieee.org /organizations/society/sp   (193 words)

  
 William Gilbert.
The key to Gilbert's theory was bodies automatically responding to whatever, and Kepler concluded that the heavenly machine is a kind of clockwork whose motions are caused by magnetic force threads.
Some have interpreted his signal range in terms of a force field, though the idea of force fields is a quite different idea requiring all space to be filled with something like an energy version of Descartes material ether.
When effluvia signals act upon a body, it accelerates itself proportional to the signal strength and inversely proportional to the mass of the body and in the direction required by the signals.
www.new-science-theory.com /william-gilbert.html   (1830 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory: Introduction   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
The theory of signal detection theory evolved from the development of communications and radar equipment the first half of this century.
What makes this different from traditional threshold theories is that the subject makes a decision, a cognitive act, as to whether the signal is present or not.
If the signal is absent the person can still decide that the signal is either present or absent.
psych.hanover.edu /JavaTest/STD   (264 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
Signal detection theory is a popular model of sensory processing.
The general approach of signal detection theory has direct application for us in terms of sensory experiments.
Its applications can be seen in a variety of domains in our everyday life and often we are involved in decision making processes in which the concepts of signal detection come into play.
www.csulb.edu /org/hfes/sdt.htm   (227 words)

  
 The Dow Theory Record - Schannep Timing Indicator
The classic Buy signal is developed as follows: After the low point of a primary downtrend in a Bear market is established, a secondary uptrend (this is the most often debated part of the Theory) bounce will occur.
A review of the Dow Theory signals implies that a secondary trend will usually bounce at least 4% on both the Industrials and Transportation Indices, and usually one or both will exceed 7%.
What is precisely defined is the extent of the "return move", the pullback after a bounce up from a Bear market bottom, or the bounce after a pullback from a Bull market top, and that shall exceed 3% on either of the averages.
thedowtheory.com /theoryexplanation.htm   (528 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory
With two possible experimental trials (signal present or absent) and two possible participant responses ("yes" it is present or "no" it isn't there) there are four possible outcomes to each of many trials.
Presenting a signal on top of that noise, will therefore shift the amount of sensory activity to the right (higher), by an amount equal to that sensory systems sensitivity to that signal.
With these assumptions, the four cells of an outcome matrix can be represented as areas under the two normal distributions (for sensory activity experienced on noise alone trials and signal+noise trials).
plato.acadiau.ca /COURSES/PSYC/McLeod/2023Research/SDT.html   (481 words)

  
 [No title]
Let’s suppose (hypothetically speaking) that you and some of your friends are interested in using SDT to examine the detection (and misdetection) of signals exchanged by your contemporaries of the opposite gender at __(insert local hangout)___ on Saturday nights.
You then ask the target if she / he was “emitting signals to the observer” (Let’s assume that people 1) really know when they’re signaling and 2) are willing to tell you).
In fact, assuming fixed and relatively normal distributions of signal and noise, allows us to compute another measure of bias for any given value of X. Simply measure the height of the Signal distribution at the selected value of X and the height of the Noise distribution at the same value.
filebox.vt.edu /t/thdavis/SIGNALDE.doc   (1151 words)

  
 Dr Istvan Berczi's Three Signal Theory
(3) The third signal is delivered by locally produced soluble mediators (cytokines) and concludes the signalling cascade that leads to the assignment of function to each particular cell according to its stage of differentiation and position.
Current information indicates that there is redundancy at all three levels of cell signalling The immune system is regulated according to the above scheme where PRL and GH act as the hormones of immunocompetence enabling lymphoid cells to react to antigen.
Additional hormones and neurotransmitters contribute to immunoregulation, mostly by signal modulation, which allows for the fine-tuning of the immune system, so that it is able to function in homeostasis and harmony with the organism.
home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~berczii/page3.htm   (380 words)

  
 Dow Theory Signal - At These Levels
One of the oldest market-timing theories was developed by the first editor of the Wall Street Journal, Charles Dow.
If you want to read up some more on Dow Theory, this is a good source.
He also edits Global Viewpoints, a weekly e-letter that focuses on the US economy and resource and capital markets. He is one of the three authors of the "The Silk Road to Riches: How You Can Profit by Investing in Asia's Newfound Prosperity" (FT (Prentice Hall)), currently available in bookstores.
attheselevels.com /archives/454-Dow-Theory-Signal.html   (802 words)

  
 IJSP - International Journal of Signal Processing   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
International Journal of Signal Processing (IJSP) is a scholarly open access, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, quarterly and fully refereed journal focusing on theories, methods and applications in signal processing.
IJSP covers all areas of signal processing, publishing refereed research articles, survey articles, and technical notes.
Signal processing theory, algorithm, architecture, design, and implementation, Speech processing, coding, compression, and recognition, Audio signal processing, coding, and compression, Image/video processing, coding, compression, restoration, analysis and understanding, and communications, Multimedia signal processing and technology, Signal processing for communications and networking.
www.enformatika.org /ijsp   (262 words)

  
 ECE 608 - Signal Theory - Spring 2005   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
This course is an introduction to the mathematical foundations of signal processing.
The goal is to provide a unified treatment of techniques for the representation and classification of signals and signal processing operations.
Emphasis is on the physical interpretation of signals as vectors, linear operators, transform theory, and optimization techniques.
tennis.ecs.umass.edu /ece608/HTML/608home.html   (188 words)

  
 DOW THEORY BEAR MARKET SIGNAL?
Should such a bear market signal occur, it will be the first one since the last major correction (20% or more) in 1990 which occurred when Iraq invaded Kuwait.
That the last Dow Theory bear market and bull market signals occurred with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the West's success in the Gulf War, respectively, might tie-in with how the next bear market is going to unfold.
The fact that a Dow Theory sell signal will be generated when the Dow Industrials fall below 8900 suggests that, with the Dow's next drop below the psychologically important 9000 mark, the biggest stock market decline at least since 1990 is going to occur.
www.spiritoftruth.org /dow9000d.htm   (2273 words)

  
 Kung Yao
Theory Group in L.A. and served two terms as a member of the Board of Governors of the IEEE Information Theory Group.
He was the Co-Chair of the 1981 International Symposium on Information Theory, and the Representative of the IT-BOG of the 1987 IEEE Information Theory Workshop.
Yao was named a Fellow of the IEEE "for contributions in communication theory, signal theory, and systolic algorithms".
www.ee.ucla.edu /faculty/bios/yao.htm   (812 words)

  
 Signal Detection Theory   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
During the 1980's there was a series of memory models that all used signal detection theory frameworks.
The X intercept of the zROC is d' and the slope of the zROC curve (which is usually fairly straight) is the ratio of the standard deviations of the N and S distributions.
There are also a number of competitors to signal detection theory including different ways of calculating the bias term which have been explored.
psych.psy.uq.oz.au /CogPsych/ic320/SDT.html   (514 words)

  
 DCT/DST Algorithms
The approach we use to discover, derive, and classify algorithms, is a part of the algebraic theory of signal processing.
This paper presents a systematic methodology based on the algebraic theory of signal processing to classify and derive fast algorithms for linear transforms.
It is known that the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) used in digital signal processing can be characterized in the framework of representation theory of algebras, namely as the decomposition matrix for the regular module C[Z_n] = C[x]/(x^n - 1).
www.ece.cmu.edu /~smart/papers/dttalgo.html   (588 words)

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