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Topic: Signature (permutation)

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	PlanetMath: signature of a permutation
		"signature of a permutation" is owned by rspuzio.
		Cross-references: induction, identity map, clear, relation, totally ordered, odd, even, transposition, multiplicative group, homomorphism, permutation group, permutations, group, finite
		This is version 6 of signature of a permutation, born on 2003-02-26, modified 2004-10-31.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/Signature2.html (119 words)

	A molecular signature of metastasis in primary solid tumors - Nature Genetics
		A considerable proportion of the refined gene-expression signature associated with metastasis seems to be derived from non-epithelial components of the tumor.
		Although this signature has the potential to be developed as a clinical diagnostic test, larger numbers of samples will be required to refine it and to determine if it is sufficiently robust for clinical implementation.
		The fact that the gene-expression signature described herein is predictive of metastasis argues that the clinical behavior of solid tumors is governed at least in part by the intrinsic biological behavior of tumor cells rather than simply by differential chemo- or radiosensitivity.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v33/n1/full/ng1060.html (3434 words)

	Algorithms In GNU Crypto
		The digital signature is computed using a set of rules (i.e., the DSA) and a set of parameters such that the identity of the signatory and integrity of the data can be verified.
		Signature verification makes use of a public key which corresponds to, but is not the same as, the private key.
		Signature generation can be performed only by the possessor of the user's private key.
	www.gnu.org /software/gnu-crypto/algorithms.html (3215 words)

	CUA- Campus Legal Information Clearinghouse
		The term "electronic signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process, attached to or logically associated with a contract or other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.
		A subtle permutation of the terms in the electronic signature world is that "identification" is the initial mechanism by which the school will verify who a student is in cyberspace, and "authentication" is the process for verifying identity on a repeated basis.
		The preamble to the regulations refers to a process to "attribute the electronic signature to the unaltered message or document to prevent repudiation by the sender." While attribution is related to identification and authentication, it is a bit different.
	counsel.cua.edu /FERPA/publications/esignatures.cfm (6294 words)

	Signature (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The signature of a permutation is ±1 according to whether it is an even/odd permutation.
		The signature is an invariant of the quadratic form by Sylvester's law of inertia (i.e.
		The signature of a flag of subspaces is the sequence of the dimensions of the subspaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signature_(mathematics) (202 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Two-part permutation tests for DNA methylation and microarray data
		The null hypothesis can then be accepted or rejected using the permutation distribution of the test statistic, the p-value being the probability of the permutations giving a value of the test statistic as supportive or more supportive of the alternative than the observed value [17,18].
		The power is given in Table 5, as shown the power of the two-part permutation test is at least as high as that of the original two-part test.
		That this permutation distribution of the sum is generated rather than to simply replace the asymptotic distributions of the summands by their exact permutation distributions may be the reason why the permutation test is more powerful.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/6/35 (3707 words)

	Even and odd permutations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An even permutation is one that can be produced by an even number of exchanges of two elements (these exchanges are called transpositions).
		Every permutation of odd order must be even; the converse is not true in general.
		Every permutation can be produced by a sequence of transpositions: with the first transposition we put the first element of the permutation in its proper place, the second transposition puts the second element right etc. Given a permutation σ, we can write it as a product of transpositions in many different ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Even_and_odd_permutations (1058 words)

	Talk Abstract:The Support Splitting Algorithm and Some of Its Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We define a signature as a property of a code and of one of its positions which is invariant when the support is permuted ; for instance the weight distribution of the code punctured in the position is a signature.
		The discriminancy of a signature is measured by how often it will be different for two distinct positions of the same code.
		We designed an algorithm, using a signature, able to split the support of a code into the orbits of its permutation group.
	www.ima.umn.edu /cc/wkshp_abstracts/sendrier1.html (185 words)

	PlanetMath: Zolotarev's lemma
		is equal to the signature of the permutation
		We will use the fact that the signature of a permutation of a finite totally ordered set is determined by the number of inversions of that permutation.
		Let us compare the signatures of the two sides.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/ZolotarevsLemma.html (204 words)

	Cluster matching for circuit implementation (US6023566)
		If the signatures match, the permutation is continued with the first and second symmetric subgroups being included in an intermediate permutation.
		If at any time any of the second order signatures do not match their corresponding library function signatures, the system produces no more intermediate permutations beginning with the current sequence of the intermediate permutation, and instead removes the new symmetric subgroup and attempts to continue building the previous intermediate permutation.
		A method of generating a candidate permutation of a permutation group associated with a first function and including a plurality of symmetric subgroups to match a candidate cluster to cells in an existing cell library, comprising the steps of:
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US06023566 (586 words)

	ICS 180: Schedule and Handouts
		We argue that it is existentially unforgeable under the CMA attack under the discrete logarithm assumption and assuming the random oracle model for a hash function used in this scheme.
		We show the standard Digital Signature Standard (DSS) signature, which can be looked at as a variant of the Schnorr signature scheme (historically DSS was first, but Schnorr signature has better understood security).
		We introduce the RSA permutation, examine its relation to factoring, and argue why it is assumed to be a trapdoor permuation.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~stasio/fall04/outline268.html (976 words)

	Digital Signatures
		In keeping with the above properties of a handwritten signature, a digital signature should be a number that depends on some secret known only to the signer and on the content of the message being signed.
		Thus in a signature scheme, we need two algorithms: one used by the person signing the message and the other used by the recipient verifying the signature.
		In this case, the signature scheme is probabilistic in that there are many possible valid signatures for every message and the verification algorithm accepts any of the valid signatures as authentic.
	www.math.clemson.edu /faculty/Gao/crypto_mod/node5.html (920 words)

	Cryptology ePrint Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These schemes output a signature of the form (f^{-1}(y),pub), where y somehow depends on the message signed (and pub) and f is some public trapdoor permutation (typically RSA).
		Interestingly, all these signature schemes can be proven {\em asymptotically} secure for an {\em arbitrary} trapdoor permutation f, but their {\em exact} security seems to be significantly better for {\em special} trapdoor permutations like RSA.
		More specifically, the ``security loss'' for general trapdoor permutations is \Omega(q_hash), where q_hash is the number of random oracle queries made by the adversary (which could be quite large).
	eprint.iacr.org /2002/103 (264 words)

	Country Downloads - Download Country Music - Download Country MP3s
		As the genre aged, it essentially remained the same, but there was one notable permutation of Honky Tonk: the Bakersfield Sound.
		Bakersfield was the first genre of country music to rely heavily on electric instrumentation, as well as a defined backbeat -- in other words, it was the first to be significantly influenced by rock & roll.
		Their signature sound -- chiming electric guitars and sweet, clear vocal harmonies -- became the template for folk-rock.
	www.mp3.com /country/genre/10/styles.html (2506 words)

	The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
		Signature permutation of a Catalan automorphism: Row 79361 of table A122202.
		This is the signature-permutation of Catalan automorphism which is derived from the automorphism *A123492 with the recursion schema KROF (defined in A122202).
		That is, starting from the root of such a binary tree, the turns taken by non-empty branches are interpreted as binary digits 0 or 1, depending on whether the tree grows to the left or right.
	www.research.att.com /~njas/sequences/A123494 (192 words)

	Amazon.com: Permutation: Music: Amon Tobin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This one, Permutation, has stood the test of time for me because I picked this one up around when it came out and after about 5 or 6 years, I can still pop it in and it sounds pretty fresh.
		Having said that, "Permutation" is a different beast than his debut album.
		This album is 70 minutes of non-stop brilliant sample cut-ups and melodies hidden underneath jerky drum-n-bass programming, a trip that takes you throughout endless permutations (sorry) of sound and space, and ends with "Nova", as close to a perfect chill song as any written.
	www.amazon.com /Permutation-Amon-Tobin/dp/B000007OS2 (1396 words)

	WikiMiki.net - 1905 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The identity permutation is an even permutation since it can be written as (1 2)(1 2).
		Every permutation can be produced by a sequence of transpositions: with the first transposition we put the first element of the permutation in its proper place, the second transposition puts the second element right etc. Every transposition can be written as a product of an odd number of transpositions of adjacent elements, e.g.
		Now if we compose σ with the transposition (i, i+1) of two adjacent numbers, then, compared to σ, the new permutation σ(i, i+1) will have exactly one inversion pair less (in case (i,i+1) was an inversion pair for σ) or more (in case (i, i+1) was not an inversion pair).
	1905.io.wikimiki.net (2908 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A122203, A122204 for their definitions).") '(y: "The number of fixed points in range [A014137(n-1)..A014138(n-1)] of this permutation is given by INVERT transform of \"aerated\" Catalans [1,1,0,1,0,2,0,5,0,14,0,42,...].") '(indentries: Catsigperm)) (list 122351 "Row 1 of A122289 and A122290.
		In this recursion scheme the given automorphism is first applied" " at the root of binary tree, before the algorithm recurses down to the right-hand side branch." " This corresponds to the fold-left traversal (with the given automorphism working as an" " unary function which is applied) of the Catalan structure, interpreted e.g.
		In this recursion scheme the algorithm first recurses down to" " the right-hand side branch of the binary tree, before the given automorphism is applied at its root." " This corresponds to the fold-right traversal (with the given automorphism working as an" " unary function which is applied) of the Catalan structure, interpreted e.g.
	ndirty.cute.fi /~karttu/matikka/Nekomorphisms/gatomain.scm (6904 words)

	[No title]
		pg is assumed to be a set of permutations on the first n natural numbers and x is a set of functions whose domain is the first n natural numbers.
		Type -> All keeps all information and is the default option." TopologicalSort::usage = "TopologicalSort[g] gives a permutation of the vertices of directed acyclic graph g such that an edge (i, j) implies that vertex i appears before vertex j." ToUnorderedPairs::usage = "ToUnorderedPairs[g] constructs a list of unordered pairs representing the edges of graph g.
		UnrankPermutation[r, n] gives the rth permutation in the lexicographic list of permutations of {1, 2,..., n}." UnrankRGF::usage = "UnrankRGF[r, n] returns a restricted growth function defined on the first n natural numbers whose rank is r." UnrankSetPartition::usage = "UnrankSetPartition[r, set] finds a set partition of set with rank r.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~sriram/Combinatorica/NewCombinatorica.m (6443 words)

	The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
		Signature permutation of the twelfth nonrecursive Catalan automorphism in table A089840.
		the maximum size of cycles in this permutation is not bounded (see A089842).
		A014138(n-1)] of this permutation is given by A001683(n+1), i.e.
	www.research.att.com /cgi-bin/access.cgi/as/njas/sequences/eisA.cgi?Anum=A074679 (398 words)

	Hidden Field Equations public key cryptosystem home page (HFE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		To verify the signature we simply use the public forms and cast the padding.
		HFE gives the shortest (unbroken) signatures known except with the recent McEliece signature scheme.
		HFE gives one of the shortest unbroken signatures available that can only be compared to the recent McEliece signature scheme.
	www.minrank.org /hfe (4586 words)

	Promo and explanation.
		By the time you've devoured the 7th, of these seven-hypnotically-spellbinding lessons, you'll become a virtual rhythm-guru, and this awesome knowledge will continue to expand with each passing day, for the rest of your musical career.
		It's just a very small, invaluable visual-aid that will easily clear-up any lingering confusion that may be in your mind at the completion of the course.
		It too, is a very small (165kb), invaluable visual-aid that will easily clear-up any lingering confusion that may be in your mind at the completion of the course.
	home.att.net /~drums01/adv002.html (2891 words)

	RR-3637 : The Support Splitting Algorithm
		We introduce the concept of signature: a property of a position of a code such that the set of all signatures of a given code is globally invariant by permutation.
		Nous introduisons la notion de signature comme une propriété d'une position d'un code telle que l'ensemble des signatures pour un code donné est globalement invariant par permutation.
		Pour déterminer la permutation entre deux codes équivalents, il suffit de trouver une signature à la fois discriminante et facile à calculer.
	www.inria.fr /rrrt/rr-3637.html (271 words)

	Wolfram Research, Inc.
		gives the signature of the permutation needed to place the elements of
		is the number of transpositions of pairs of elements that must be composed to build up the permutation.
		The second needs three transpositions to put it in canonical order.
	documents.wolfram.com /v3/RefGuide/Signature.html (41 words)

	signature - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Signature : Dictionnaire du droit priv [home, info]
		Phrases that include signature: time signature, key signature, signature guarantee, signature tune, electronic signature, more...
		Words similar to signature: touch, key signature, signature tune, theme song, more...
	www.onelook.com /?ls=b&fc=all_med&q=signature (505 words)

	Cryptography Research - CRYPTO 1993
		Luke O'Connor: On the Distribution of Characteristics in Composite Permutations.
		Chuan-Ming Li, Tzonelih Hwang, Narn-Yih Lee: Remark on the Threshold RSA Signature Scheme.
		Don Coppersmith, Jacques Stern, Serge Vaudenay: Attacks on the Birational Permutation Signature Schemes.
	www.cryptography.com /resources/papers/crypto1993.html (525 words)

	signature - OneLook Dictionary Search
		signature : Compact Oxford English Dictionary [home, info]
		Signature : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		signature, signature, signature : PlanetMath Encyclopedia [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=signature (463 words)

	PAS.org: Product Showcase
		The metal snares include the Standard model, bright nickel over brass; the Deluxe model, fl nickel over brass or bronze; and the Elite model, fl nickel over brass or bronze with hand engraving by John Aldridge in the "Winged" Elite or Limited Edition "Scrolled" Elite panel pattern.
		John Aldridge has endorsed JNDC with his own Signature Line modeled with his specifications, featuring the JNDC 4 x14 brass shell with JNDC finishes, hardware, and single flanged hoops, and eight tube lugs.
		The JNDC 4 x14 Elite John Aldridge Signature Snare will be engraved with the "Winged Elite" panel pattern.
	www.pas.org /Products/index.cfm (511 words)

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