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Topic: Signed English

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	Manually coded English
		Manually Coded English is a generic descriptive term for a variety of visual communication methods expressed through the hands which attempt to represent the English language.
		It is not a language; it is a manually coded form of English that uses ASL signs supplemented with special signs or inflections that allow English to be signed exactly as it is spoken.
		Bornstein’s basic rules are: sign either a word alone or a sign word and one sign marker; fingerspell words not provided in the dictionary; and create plurals by repeating the signs for nouns.
	www.sign-language.biz /sign/manuallycodedenglish.asp (751 words)

	Manually Coded English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A visual sign taken from a deaf sign language may be generalised to represent homonyms of the English word - for example, the Auslan sign for a 'fly' (insect) may be used in Signed English for the verb (to) 'fly'.
		Signed English tends to be slower than spoken English, and teachers using it have usually found themselves 'cutting corners' and reverting to a kind of pidgin sign (see Pidgin Sign English).
		Signs are borrowed from the local deaf sign language and/or are artificial signs invented by educators of the deaf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manually_Coded_English (2282 words)

	Sign English
		Sign English was born through the work of deaf educators, primarily from the '70s to this day.
		Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE) is a code that I believe was invented in the early 1990's.
		Sign language is also a little weird, some words have more than one sign, such as "Heaven and birthday".
	www.angelfire.com /pa5/mjhart22/signenglish.html (925 words)

	Sign Language
		Signed English is a sign language that does follow the same rules and word order of English.
		Most deaf children of hearing parents learn Signed English instead of ASL because their parents are hearing and want their child to learn English.
		In teaching their children, the parents tend to sign in English instead of ASL, because English, not sign language, is their primary language.
	library.thinkquest.org /26209/signlang.html (460 words)

	Educating Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: English-Based Sign Systems. ERIC Digest
		Sign language as used by deaf adults may resemble English, or it may be American Sign Language (ASL), which has a grammar, syntax, and idioms distinct from English.
		Such a sign system is also useful with older students who have not yet mastered English, when used with a second language learning approach.
		In addition, because speech is faster than signs, an individual must be committed to presenting complete English in signs and to make the effort to learn and become fluent.
	www.ericdigests.org /1998-2/sign.htm (1152 words)

	Sign Language(s) Dictionaries
		Instead of offering a conventional alphabetical arrangement of English words and their corresponding signs, the dictionary organizes more than 1,600 ASL signs by 40 basic handshapes and includes detailed descriptions on how to form each sign to represent the varying terms that it might mean.
		This unique compilation of ASL signs is the ideal, up-to-date reference tool -- providing access to cyberspace for members of the Deaf community, their families, friends, teachers, and colleagues.Includes full-torso illustrations and descriptions of how to make the signs• Lookup made easy through multiple cross references• Full definitions, not merely one-word glossaries.
		Signs are clearly illustrated and notes on the derivation of each sign are presented.
	wally.rit.edu /pubs/guides/signdict.html (3969 words)

	Sign Language - Dictionaries - Signed English
		Words are signed slowly, twice for total comprehension and each word is displayed on the screen while it is being spoken and signed.
		Signing "exact" English implies that English can be presented in a signed form with vocabulary altered using affixes.
		Signing Exact English G. Gustason & E. Zawolkow - This book is for Spanish-speaking families and educators of deaf and hard of hearing children.
	www.adcohearing.com /sl_dictionary_signed.html (889 words)

	Help Kids Hear - English-Based Sign Systems
		This system used separate signs for English morphemes and signed by "root words" such as gene as the root for genetic, general, generous.
		In SEE 2 one would use the same signs for "is running" whether the subject is a man, the water, one's nose, or a car.
		Persons who are not wholly committed may end up signing only part of their spoken message, presenting incomplete English that does not fit ASL syntax either.
	www.helpkidshear.org /resources/education/englishsign.htm (1145 words)

	Luetke-Stahlman, B
		It is not a big surprise that hearing people don’t sign very well given the kinds of support they have in learning sign or given the fact that most schools do not require their staff to have proficient sign skills.
		The author discussed whether text-based literacy development in English as a first or second language for students who are deaf or hard of hearing is qualitatively similar to literacy development in English as a first language for normally hearing learners.
		Sign at school was initiated in 1977 because most of the students using either Shanghai Sign Language at a private school or oral English in the rest of the Singapore schools failed the Primary School Learning Examination (PSLE) administered by the Ministry of Education (MOE).
	www.seecenter.org /pcwrdbib.html (7441 words)

	Manual Codes for English
		“Sign codes have been designed to convey, insofar as possible, the detailed structure and grammar of the spoken language.”87 The end goal of using these systems is English literacy.
		This argues that the designed signing systems, then, may not be successful ‘when success is defined as empowering deaf students leaving school with literacy and general knowledge at or near the level attained by their hearing peers.’”93
		Bornstein’s basic rules are: “sign either a word alone or a sign word and one sign marker; fingerspell words not provided in the dictionary; and create plurals by repeating the signs for nouns.”97 Signed English has fourteen affix markers (e.g.
	www.deaflinx.com /DeafEd/mode_mce.html (1070 words)

	Student Corner : Sign Language Continuum
		Signs were invented which were needed to express components of English grammar not found in ASL.
		Signs are used with an attempt to retain the conceptual meaning of ASL rather than English, so that "right" would be signed different ways depending on its conceptually accurate meaning.
		Signs are placed in English order with signs representing English grammatical forms, such as suffixes and prefixes.
	www.ltcconline.net /ASLLT/scmodes.htm (446 words)

	Sign language may help deaf children learn English
		Signed English is simply English translated into signs, and linguists don’t consider it a language per se.
		As early as the 1970s Ursula Bellugi, PhD, and her colleagues found that signed English is visually cumbersome and that it takes speakers nearly twice the time to produce a sentence in signed English than in oral English or ASL.
		Signed English takes so long, in fact, that it’s feasible for a child to forget the beginning of a proposition before seeing the end.
	www.apa.org /monitor/apr98/amer.html (1129 words)

	Lesson Tutor: American Sign Language (ASL) vs. Signed English (SE)
		The basic signs for words are the same; however, with Signed English (SE) a sign is executed for every word in a sentence whereas American Sign Language seeks to convey a concept.
		Signed English is used most often in a classroom setting where sentence structure is being emphasized.
		For the purpose of these lessons, signs will be introduced in “families.” There is indeed a unit where the signs for family members are introduced using the sentence “I have a sister,” “I have a brother,” etc. This method seems to best lend itself to an online course.
	www.lessontutor.com /eesASLIntro.html (545 words)

	ASL, SEE Sign, & Signed English
		SEE is based upon signs drawn from ASL and expanded with words, prefixes, tenses, and endings to give a clear and complete visual presentation of English.
		The ASL sign for the concept of "pretty, lovely, beauty, beautiful" and other such synonyms is retained for beauty, initialized with P for pretty, L for lovely, and the suffix -ful is added for beautiful.
		Maximum use of residual hearing and speechreading is encouraged since the signs match the elements of spoken English.
	www.listen-up.org /sign2.htm (607 words)

	American Sign Language or Exact Signed English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		If deaf children, many of whom are primarily visual learners (Reeves, Wallenhaupt, Caccamise, 1995) are expected to achieve English literacy, they must use (signed) English, interact with mature users of that language, and eventually develop literacy skills in the same manner as their hearing peers.
		This argues that the designed signing systems, then, may not be successful "when success is defined as empowering deaf students leaving school with literacy and general knowledge at or near the level attained by their hearing peers" (Stokoe, 1992).
		Because literacy in the U.S. means the ability to fluently read and write English and because the data suggest that designed sign systems in educational settings have not provided deaf students with that level of literacy, the purpose of this study is to compare ASL to one of the designed systems (Exact Signed English).
	www.deafed.net /PublishedDocs/sub/970723e.htm (2631 words)

	Methods of Communication With the Deaf
		It is based upon signing in morphemes or units of meaning.
		The difference between the two is minor - the principle one being that in SEE II ASL signs for compound words (like butterfly) are used, where the two signs representing the separate English words are used in SEE I. SEE-1 and SEE-2 are signing systems rather than languages on their own.
		One variant of the oral method of educating the deaf is the method advocated by Doris Irene Mirrielees, who who trained mothers to teach their deaf children to read and write as early as possible.
	www.zak.co.il /deaf-info/old/methods.html (1154 words)

	ADCO Hearing Products, Inc. - Technology for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
		Signed English - Appropriate for elementary-school age children who use single words freely and attempt to learn simple sentences and signs.
		Signed English - Children and adults will be charmed by this classic Christmas poem presented with full-color illustrations, signs, and the printed verse.
		Signed English - Appropriate for elementary school age children ready for more advanced language patterns and complicated plots.
	www.adcohearing.com /childrensignedenglishbook.html (989 words)

	U.S. ENGLISH, Inc.: Towards a United America - "); document.write(month + '/' + now.getDate() + '/' + ...
		In Georgia, Gov. Zell Miller signed the state’s official English law in 1996 and was later selected to fill an open Senate seat from the Peach State.
		Legislation to make English the official language of the United States is currently pending in House committee after garnering more than 100 co-sponsors, including 16 members of Congress who each represent more than 30,000 limited English proficient constituents.
		U.S. English, Inc. is the nation's oldest and largest non-partisan citizens' action group dedicated to preserving the unifying role of the English language in the United States.
	www.usenglish.org /inc/news/preleases/viewRelease.asp?ID=130 (604 words)

	2002 Conference Proceedings
		While spoken English is clearly not accessible to these individuals, we must also conclude that in many cases English text is not accessible either.
		This device will not replace the sign language interpreter, but will offer the opportunity for privacy and a mechanism for improved communication when an interpreter is not available or independence is preferred.
		English text may be typed or pasted into the device, resulting in Signed English and voiced English outputs.
	www.csun.edu /cod/conf/2002/proceedings/167.htm (890 words)

	Building Languages: Conceptually Accurate Signed English (Print)
		Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE) — sometimes called Pidgin Signed English (PSE) — is a building block that has developed between people who use American Sign Language (ASL), and people who use Manually Coded English (MCE), using signs based on ASL and MCE.
		Signs and sentences in ASL are made using handshapes (for example, a pointing handshape, or the fingers spread out to show the number 5), moving the hands and arms (for example, in a straight line, or bouncing), and different facial expressions (for example, frowning or raising your eyebrows).
		Many of the signs (hand shapes and hand motions) in MCE are borrowed from American Sign Language (ASL).
	www.cdc.gov /ncbddd/EHDI/CDROM/building/case_pr.html (364 words)

	Pidgin Signed English (PSE) Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Pidgin Signed English (PSE) is a combination of American Sign Language (ASL) and English.
		Culturally Deaf people, signing with each other, usually use ASL, but many people, (frequently deaf or hard of hearing) who learn to sign later in life, after hearing and using spoken English, do not sign strictly in ASL.
		PSE is not Signed Exact English (SEE), which uses signs for exact English words (even signs that don't exist in ASL) and exact English word order.
	www.nchearingloss.org /pse.htm (201 words)

	Learning American Sign Language ASL and Signed English (SE)
		signing, mouthing, using facial expressions, gestures, and body movement – selecting the best combination to convey the message to an audience of mixed preferences and needs.
		Words and concepts most often encountered when signing a particular religious passage, prayer, hymn or song.
		Sign Language Finger spelling words for some party fun.
	www.lessontutor.com /ASLgenhome.html (713 words)

	The Signed English Starter
		A first course in Signed English for adults or children, the book is fully illustrated (several figures per page), and it is organized in a way that leads to rewarding learning quite rapidly.
		The authors of this new and exciting text believe firmly that Signed English must be made as easy as possible if it is going to be as useful (and used) as it can and should be.
		It provides a basic, functional sign vocabulary; a systematic progression in the use of the 14 sign markers; discussion of the unique features of a manual English system; a glossary of terms; and a page of exercises following each of the 12 chapters in the book.
	gupress.gallaudet.edu /3065.html (283 words)

	The Graphical Translation of English Text into Signed English in the Hand Sign Translator System (Abstract) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Signed English is a manual interpretation of English using fingerspelling and signs.
		A prototype of the Hand Sign Translator (HST) system was developed to graphically translate English into Signed English, using two-handed animation.
		The HST consists of a practical interface that aims to help users learn Signed English, and the translation process where English text is transformed into a series of images that represent corresponding signs.
	www.eg.org /EG/CGF/Volume11/Issue3/v12i3pp357-366_abstract.html (207 words)

	CollegeClub.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Concepts are often represented with one sign that easily tells you the meaning; whereas in Signing Exact English, you sign " word-for-word, using a separate sign for each concept.
		During a song, you're are supposed to sign with a lot of emotion and dramatization.
		However, if you sign in English, you not only going take way too long, but you're also using a lot of words that deaf people wouldn't understand, because they've never had speech.
	navisite.collegeclub.com /messageboards/board.jsp?communityid=78128 (888 words)

	Signed English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Signed English is a word-for-word translation from spoken English to signs, augmented with finger-spelling for the end of words -- in other words, a direct mapping from the English language to signs.
		Signed English remains the most common language taught to Deaf children
		When watching people using Signed English, it is quite clearly a less concise than Auslan, and people must slow down their rate of speech to sign at the same time.
	www.cse.unsw.edu.au /~waleed/thesis/node21.html (112 words)

	Amazon.com: The Comprehensive Signed English Dictionary (The Signed English Series): Books: Harry Bornstein,Karen L. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		I first thought it was a book teaching me "A, B, C" etc. In fact, signed English allows you to speak in words instead of letters.
		Many signs are similar, but MANY are not used at all in ASL.
		I am learning sign because I like it, my friend has 2 deaf children, I am a sub- teacher for a Para for a boy who is non-verbal, I am teaching my children for homeschool, and I want to be able to witness to deaf people.
	www.amazon.com /Comprehensive-Signed-English-Dictionary/dp/0913580813 (1474 words)

	Amazon.com: The Signed English Starter (The Signed English Series): Books: Harry Bornstein,Karen L. Saulnier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Perhaps you're looking at this title because you see the words "sign language starter" and you are wanting to start learning sign language.
		If you are truly interested in learning to sign with other members of the adult Deaf community, you do NOT want to learn Signed ENGLISH.
		Please note that we are unable to respond directly to all feedback submitted via this form, but we'll ask you to sign in so we can contact you if needed.
	www.amazon.com /Signed-English-Starter/dp/0913580821 (745 words)

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