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	Significand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Depending on the interpretation of the exponent, the significand may be considered to be an integer or a fraction.
		However, this use of mantissa is discouraged by the IEEE floating-point standard committee and by some professionals such as William Kahan and Donald Knuth, because it conflicts with the pre-existing usage of mantissa for the fractional part of a logarithm (see also common logarithm).
		The older meaning of mantissa is related to the IEEE's significand in that the fractional part of a logarithm is the logarithm of the significand for the same base, plus a constant depending on the normalization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Significand (376 words)

	Floating point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In particular, it represents an integer or fixed-point number (the significand or, informally, the mantissa) multiplied by a base (usually 2 in computers) to some integer power (the exponent).
		m (which is called the significand or, informally, mantissa) is a p digit number of the form ±d.
		For example, in IEEE 754, the exponent is between the sign bit and the significand, not at the end of the number.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Floating_point (1266 words)

	Significand -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Depending on the interpretation of the (A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself) exponent, the significand may be considered to be an (Any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero) integer or a (The quotient of two rational numbers) fraction.
		For example, the number 123.45 can be represented as a (A number in the decimal system) decimal floating-point number with integer significand 12345 and exponent −2.
		In some circles, the word used to describe the significand or coefficient is often mantissa (see Burks et al.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/significand.htm (258 words)

	IEEE Arithmetic
		For the single format, the difference between a normal number and a subnormal number is that the leading bit of the significand (the bit to left of the binary point) of a normal number is 1, whereas the leading bit of the significand of a subnormal number is 0.
		For the double format, the difference between a normal number and a subnormal number is that the leading bit of the significand (the bit to the left of the binary point) of a normal number is 1, whereas the leading bit of the significand of a subnormal number is 0.
		Because the leading significand bit is represented explicitly rather than being inferred from the value of the exponent, this format also admits bit patterns whose biased exponent is 0, like the subnormal numbers, but whose leading significand bit is 1.
	docs.sun.com /source/806-3568/ncg_math.html (5560 words)

	Minutes from 754R meeting 15 November, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dan Zuras observed that since NaN significand meaning is platform dependent, exchange of the NaN significand across platforms may not even be meaningful.
		Darcy's original proposal was that the significand be a paren-delimited platform-dependent string.
		One suggestion was that we simply use a hex representation of the significand value; this suggestion was neither generally accepted nor generally rejected during the discussion.
	grouper.ieee.org /groups/754/meeting-minutes/01-11-15.html (2284 words)

	Command Real Numbers in 4th Dimension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Note that the most significant bits of both the exponent and the significand are on the left, and the least significant bits are on the right.
		The accuracy of the numbers on the rightmost portion of the significand (i.e., the "least significant" digits) is greater on the 68k Macintosh than it is on the Power Macintosh and Windows.
		Note that all of this occurs on the significand, regardless of the value of the sign and the exponent.
	www.starnine.com /docs/CMU/CMU79993.HTM (1414 words)

	Floating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The significand has two parts: a 1-bit binary integer (also referred to as the J-bit) and a binary fraction.
		In this format, the significand is normalized (refer to Section Normalized Numbers) and the exponent is biased (refer to Section Biased Exponent).
		To summarize, a normalized real number consists of a normalized significand that represents a real number between 1 and 2 and an exponent that specifies the number's binary point.
	www.randelshofer.ch /fhw/gri/float.html (1482 words)

	Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are 2 distinct datapaths, one for the exponent of 8 bits width, and one for the significand of 24 bits of width.
		The significand of the floating point number with a smaller exponent is then shifted in SIGshift by the difference in the exponents.
		The Significand are then added together with proper signs and rounding in SIGadd.
	velox.stanford.edu /ee272/proj01/simd-fpa/algo.html (137 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The low-order bits of the significand containing the integer part of original floating-point number can be obtained by adding to the number, a constant 1.
		In block 670, the significand bits are extracted from the result from block 660, thus creating an integer value.
		generating a second value by shifting a rounded integer portion of the first value; extracting a plurality of significand bits from the second value to generate an integer value; and extracting a portion of bits from the integer value to generate an integer component.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/07147.030123&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3854 words)

	Floating-Point Numbers
		For a negative number, we may set the sign bit of the floating-point word and negate the number to be encoded, leaving only nonnegative numbers to be considered.
		The normalized number between 1/2 and 1 is called the significand, so called because it holds all the ``significant bits'' of the number.
		In floating-point numbers, the significand is stored in fractional two's-complement binary format, and the exponent is stored as a binary integer.
	www-ccrma.stanford.edu /~jos/mdft/Floating_Point_Numbers.html (503 words)

	Significand at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The original word for the significand appears to be mantissa (see Burks et al.
		This usage of mantissa, while still popular, has been discouraged by the IEEE floating-point standard committee and professionals such as William Kahan.
		It conflicts with an older usage of mantissa for the fractional part of a logarithm (corresponding to the logarithm of the significand), although this older meaning has grown less common with the disappearance of logarithmic tables in favor of computers (see common logarithm for more on the older meaning).
	wiki.tatet.com /Significand.html (287 words)

	[No title]
		The next eight bits are the exponent and the remaining twenty-three bits are the significand.
		Since the exponent is 9, the first 9 bits of the significand represents the integral portion of our number.
		The remainder of the significand represents the decimal portion, which is zero.
	www.javaranch.com /newsletter/July2003/MoneyInJava.html (1424 words)

	[No title]
		This is the same as shifting the significand while changing the exponents.
		11111111 is also a special case used in the representation of infinity (and other things, depending on the sign and significand).
		Significand is 55 bits plus the leading 1.
	www.cs.rpi.edu /~hollingd/comporg-2004s/notes/fp/fp.ppt (627 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Adjust the exponent of the smaller number (in magnitude, ignoring sign) to be equal to the larger number.
		Do this by shifting the significand of the smaller number a number of bits to the right equal to the difference in exponents.
		The exponent of the result is the exponent of the larger number, normalized to bring the most significant bit of the significand to the first position left of the binary point.
	www.cs.georgetown.edu /~gchipman/cosc250F03/lectures/FP.html (439 words)

	Digital Mars - Numerics Programming
		The significand holds a binary fraction greater than or equal to 1 (because the implied high bit is 1) and less than 2.
		A subnormal floating-point value is 1 in which the exponent and implied significand bit are zero and the significand is not zero.
		The significand is only an approximation of a decimal fraction; the number of decimal digits that can be accurately approximated by a floating-point data types is determined by the number of binary digits in the significand.
	www.digitalmars.com /ctg/ctgNumerics.html (10035 words)

	Floating point types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The significand itself represents a number between 1 and 2, with a number of fractional bits, depending on the type.
		stores the power of two, by which the significand is multiplied.
		The highest bit of the actual significand is always one and is not stored.
	www.modula2.org /sb/websitearchive/env/index593.htm (167 words)


		The significand is a string of digits in the given base.
		There is an implied radix point at the start of the significand.
		The precision of a floating point type is the maximum number of places in the significand.
	www.tempest-sw.com /cpp/draft/ch13-06-cfloat.html (522 words)

	[No title]
		Gradual underflow: allow a number to degrade in significance until it becomes 0 By getting rid of implicit leading 1 in front of the significand...
		we can represent a smaller number We denote a denormlized number by 0 exponent and a non-zero significand the smallest denormalized number is 0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 001 x 2-126 or 1.0 x 2-149 For double-precision f.
		0¡ \ðLB ð@ cð$¿ÀË1ÿ?ð ÝðLB ð@ cð$¿ÀË1ÿ?ð((Ýð ð@ óðZ\Xù ø8c ø8c¿¿À·`ùË1ÿ?ðp Ü ðÿ¨§We represent infinity by exponent of all 1s and significand of all 0s.
	www.seas.gwu.edu /~cheng/136/LecNotes/FloatingPoint.ppt (319 words)

	CS 35101- Chapter 3
		If the significand of G is greater than or equal to two then shift the significand one bit position to the right and increment the exponent of G by unity.
		The significand of G = 1.0000100 and the significand of L = 1.1111100 after the hidden bits are added in.
		The product significand may already be normalized (if its value is less than two) or may require a shift of one place to the right (if its value is greater than or equal to two.) Unity should be added to the exponent of C if the significand is shifted right one place.
	www.cs.kent.edu /~batcher/CS35101/Arith.html (7083 words)

	Floating Point Arithmetic
		Each of these formats has a name like "single precision" or "double precision", and specifies the numbers of bits which are used to store both the exponent and the significand.
		For example, a 16 bit significand is certainly sufficient to represent many decimal numbers with more than 4 digits; however, not all 5 digit decimal numbers can be represented in 16 bits, and so the precision of a 16 bit significand is said to be "> 4" (but less than 5).
		If the stored (biased) exponent has the value 0, and the significand is 0 as well, the value of the floating point number is exactly 0.
	www.rwc.uc.edu /koehler/comath/14.html (1972 words)

	IEEE 754 Floating-Point Division Unit
		The sign field is still one bit, but the exponent and the significand are both extended to eleven bits and fifty two bits respectively.
		This was needed because of the possibility of shifting the significand by 1 place if the final result of the quotient was less than 1.
		The significand division unit, shown in figure 2, uses a radix-4 algorithm to reduce the number of cycles needed to complete the calculation.
	www.iit.edu /~robewil1 (1525 words)

	CODE and symboles - conception of World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Within the Significand order, this bivalent relationship implies a additional notion that the 'Code' is supplying.
		Especially, the Art of Memory depicts the superimposition of two sets of Significands, as building a Code.
		One can refer to the illustration, as well as the legend, for seeing how the combination of a series of names with a series of places, supports a phenomenon that will be referred as a 'Code'.
	www.dnafoundation.com /sub02/code.htm (717 words)

	[No title]
		It is my belief that the only editing to be allowed for a significand should be - fixed insertion with the symbol '+', and - special insertion.
		The symbol period, when used, shall not be the last symbol in the character-string of the significand.
		The symbol '+', when used, shall be the leftmost symbol in the character-string of the significand." 4.
	www.ncits.org /tc_home/j4htm/m234/01-0695.doc (330 words)

	Floating Point Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A number that is in a denormalized notation is one whose significand is made not to be in the range
		With this said, we allow for a hidden bit to represent the integral part of the significand.
		All operations involve finding what a new sign, exponent, and significand.
	engr.smu.edu /~tlanning/7381/group_final.htm (1400 words)

	ipedia.com: Floating point Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The leading digit of the significand of a normalized binary floating-point number is always non-zero; in particular it is always 1.
		This means that it does not need to be stored explicitly, for a normalized number it can be understood to be 1.
		Note that although the examples in this article use a consistent system of floating-point notation, the notation is different from the IEEE standard.
	www.ipedia.com /floating_point_1.html (1306 words)

	[No title]
		J4 decided to disallow zero suppression and floating insertion for the significand part of a floating-point edited item, to avoid any yet unknown ambiguities.
		Page 324, 13.16.38.3 PICTURE clause, GR 12.b, add the following at the end of the second paragraph: "Neither floating insertion editing nor zero suppression with replacement shall be specified for the significand." 2.
		Page 329, 13.16.38.4 PICTURE clause, Editing rule 2, Table 8, second column, last item, replace "All for the significand part" by "Simple insertion, special insertion, and fixed insertion for the significand part".
	www.ncits.org /tc_home/j4htm/m235/01-0753.doc (200 words)

	[No title]
		IBM 370), are handled during round_for_format, in which we canonicalize the exponent to be a multiple of 4 (log2(16)), and adjust the significand to match.
		That means that A and B had the same exponent, and B had the larger significand.
		It's the size of the internal significand minus the two bits needed for proper rounding.
	www.opensource.apple.com /darwinsource/10.3/gcc-1495/gcc/real.c (6937 words)

	[No title]
		Normalized significands are in the range [0.5, 1.0).
		A requirement of the model is that P be larger than the largest supported target floating-point type by at least 2 bits.
		This means we need to shift the significand back down one bit and increase the exponent.
	www.opensource.apple.com /darwinsource/WWDC2004/gcc-1765/gcc/real.c (7402 words)

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