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Topic: Sijilmasa

In the News (Sun 12 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Archeology
		The former capital of the district of Tafilalt, Sijilmasa was founded in the middle of the eighth century by the Bani Wasul, a tribe of Zenata Berbers.
		Sijilmasa's situation as an oasis center on the east bank of Wadi Ziz—virtually the northern edge of the Sahara—rendered it the main point of entry for West African exports to Morocco.
		In the 11th century, Sijilmasa was described as a large city enclosed by walls constructed of dry mud on stone foundations, penetrated by 12 gates.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0190/9001057.htm (659 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sijilmasa
		Sijilmasa (or Sijilmassa) was a mediaeval trade centre in the western Maghreb
		Sijilmasa was an oasis town south west of Fez on the northern edge of the Sahara, overlooking the Ziz River.
		In 1054, Ibn Yasin allied the Almoravids with the Sanhaja and captured Sijilmasa in 1054, imposing his rigorous interpretation of Islam.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sijilmasa (1212 words)

	d. The Abbasid Caliphate and Its Breakup. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Centered in Sijilmasa in Morocco, the dynasty was founded by Midrar (Sam'un ibn Yazlan), a Khariji Muslim and Zanata Berber from Meknes, after a revolt against the Abbasid governor of Qayrawan.
		The capital of Sijilmasa was founded during the reign of Abu Mansur al-Yasa (790–823), who consolidated the dynasty's territory.
		Sijilmasa became a major point on the gold trade route with Sudan and attracted refugees from Muslim Spain (c.
	www.bartleby.com /67/292.html (883 words)

	Rise of Islam in Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 750 the Abbasids, who succeeded the Umayyads as Muslim rulers, moved the caliphate to Baghdad and reestablished caliphal authority in Ifriqiya, appointing Ibrahim ibn al Aghlab as governor in Al Qayrawan.
		The Fatimids turned westward in 911, destroying the imamate of Tahert and conquering Sijilmasa in Morocco.
		Tlemcen prospered as a commercial center and was called the "pearl of the Maghrib." Situated at the head of the Imperial Road through the strategic Taza Gap to Marrakech, the city controlled the caravan route to Sijilmasa, gateway for the gold and slave trade with the western Sudan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rise_of_Islam_in_Algeria (2906 words)

	ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SIJILMASA--1988
		A 5 x 5 meter trench was excavated approximately forty meters west of the mosque, at NS 2, EW 0.7 on the Sijilmasa Central Area map.
		A large fragment of red mortar rubble, probably a fallen wall made of material similar to the mosque, was removed at a depth of 65 cm to 140 cm.
		The stone pavement constitutes a level of occupation that predates the one exposed in the 1974 excavation.
	www.mtsu.edu /~sijilmas/1988report.html (1137 words)

	Journey towards Maghrib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		When he made sure that there was no possibility of Abul Abbas getting free, he changed his route and went as a merchant to Sijilmasa, the capital of the Midrarite Berber, and stayed in a house hired from a certain Abul Habsha.
		Sijilmasa (the old Silhmasa) was an ancient town of Morocco, the capital of Tafilalat.
		Sijilmasa was situated in the middle of a plain with fertility, because of well watered and was surrounded by gardens and orchards which stretched along the Wadi Ziz.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history504.html (601 words)

	March towards Sijilmasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The situation at Sijilmasa was rather tricky, since al-Mahdi had been imprisoned there and any wrong move by Abu Abdullah might have endangered the life of Imam.
		Al-Mahdi remained for 40 days in Sijilmasa to restore peace and finally, he embarked for Raqada via Ikjan with his son and their whole entourage, along with Abu Abdullah and his companions.
		It is estimated that the natural gas fields are among the world's largest known reserves at 35 trillion cubic feet, and estimate of oil reserves runs as high as 12 billion barrels.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history506.html (519 words)

	Long Vita
		We have completed six seasons of work; we are currently planning a traveling exhibit of the findings for the year 1999.
		"The Sijilmasa Mosque." International Conference on Adobe Architecture sponsored by Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco: November, 1996.
		"Le role de Sijilmasa comme intermédaire entre la Méditerranée et l'ouest Afrique." International Conference on the Medieval Western Mediterranean sponsored by Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco: November, 1994.
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11278 /Vita/Long_vita/long_vita.html (937 words)

	1991-92 AQABA ANNUAL REPORT
		These dinars were probably minted in Sijilmasa, a southern Moroccan town on the edge of the Sahara and the first city with a mint on the caravan route that brought West African gold to the Islamic world.
		Michael Bates of the American Numismatic Society suggests that this Umayyad caliph of Spain may have been recognized in Sijilmasa or his coins may have been imitated for their prestige value.
		Whether the hoard of gold coins is mute witness to this catastrophe that overtook Ayla or rather represents the solitary misfortune of an individual traveler, it serves as eloquent testimony to the vast economic relationship connecting the entire medieval world, encompassing the Mediterranean, African, and Asian regions.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/AR/91-92/91-92_Aqaba.html (1624 words)

	AllRefer.com - Tafilalt, Africa (African Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		After c.760 it was an independent kingdom for nearly two centuries, growing rich on the caravan trade with lands south of the Sahara.
		Sijilmasa (now in ruins) was the chief trade center and the capital of the kingdom.
		Since the Middle Ages the region has been noted for its dates and leather.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Tafilalt.html (197 words)

	Mumineen.org - Serving Dawoodi Bohras Worldwide : Awliya ul-Kiram Essay Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Later he changed his route and went as a merchant to Sijilmasa, the capital of the Midrarite Berber, and stayed in a rented house.
		The situation at Sijilmasa was rather tricky, since Imam Mehdi (AS) had been imprisoned there and any wrong move by Abu Abdullah might have endangered the life of Imam.
		That day was the 20th of Rabi-ul-Akhar, the day when the vision and wish of Syedna Abdullah Badruddin (RA) for the Zuhur of Imam on the hands of Syedna Taher Saifuddin, seem to happen.
	archive.mumineen.org /awliya/aimmat/e_imammehdi_11.html (1972 words)

	:: \|\| :: Spread of Islam in West Africa :: \|\| ::
		Eminent Arab historians and African scholars have written on the empires of Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem Bornu.
		They document famous trade routes in Africa - from Sijilmasa to Taghaza, Awdaghast, which led to the empire of Ghana, and from Sijilmasa to Tuat, Gao and Timbikutu.
		There were famous trade routes, like the one from Sijilmasa to Taghaza, Awdaghast, which led to the empire of Ghana, and another from Sijilmasa to Tuat, Gao and Timbikutu.
	www.geocities.com /mutmainaa/history/west_africa.html (635 words)

	World History for Us All: Key Theme
		In the sixteenth century, however, all major regions of the world became interconnected, laying the basis for a truly global economy.
		Ruins of the city of Sijilmasa on the northern edge of the Sahara Desert in southern Morocco.
		This city, founded as early as the ninth century CE, was an important commercial town and a staging center for camel caravans crossing the desert to West Africa.
	worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu /dev/themes/keytheme2.htm (1942 words)

	History of the Ismaili Imams Tarikh-e Imamat -Imamat in North Africa Chapter 3
		Therefore, the Imam proceeded to Sijilmasa; there he was arrested along with his followers, until he was rescued by his Dai Abu Abdullah al-Shii.
		Dai Abu Abdullah al-Shii was sent by the Imam to Yemen, but when the idea of establishing the Fatimid Caliphate in Yemen was given up, he was asked to go to North Africa.
		The whole of North Africa, including its capital, Qairawan, was now conquered by the Kutama soldiers under the leadership of Dai Abu Abdullah, who then prepared to invade Sijilmasa and release the Imam from captivity.
	www.amaana.org /history/history3.htm (1419 words)

	Ibn Battuta in West Africa
		Battuta traveled with a caravan of the Sultan of Morocco from Marrakech to Sala, Meknes, Fez (the capital) and Sijilmasa.
		He described Meknes as "Miknasa, the wonderful, the green, the many- flowered, which has gardens and orchards surrounding it and is in a sea of plantations of olive trees in all directions." He described Sijilmasa as a town that produced excellent, sweet dates, and compared it to Basra in Persia.
		Battuta stayed in Sijilmasa with the faqih Abu Muhammed al Bushri, the brother of a man that Battuta had met in the town of Qanjanfu, China.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his311/lectures/17battut.htm (7711 words)

	H-Net Review: David J. Wasserstein on North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World: From ...
		His real subject, however, is the growth and significance of Sijilmasa, and when he writes on that topic, particularly in reference to recent archaeological work in the area, published and unpublished, he is able to cite much detail of economic life in the middle ages which is sure to enrich future work in the field.
		His argument is based mainly in textual sources, which is a shame, for the most interesting part of this study is not the disagreement with Ibn Khaldun but the reference to the archaeological discoveries at Sijilmasa.
		Most of this is new and casts much light both on the urban development of the city and on the significance of architecture under the Almoravids; on both of these subjects we need more material, information, and analysis.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=72171049433725 (1842 words)

	NY&the World: Early African Empires and their Global Connections
		Similarly, when the Sudanic empires were powerful, they contained and controlled the nomads and even occupied their strongholds when they upset the trade routes, such as when Ghana occupied Awdaghast in 990.
		The western Sahara, from Sijilmasa to Ghana, was the preserve of the Bani Masufa, while the central Sahara between Tuat and the Ahaggar Mountains was controlled by the Ahaggar Tuareg, and the Ajjer Tuareg controlled the trails north of Ghat....
		Another trail which became important later on, specially after the collapse of Awdaghast [1055], was the route Sijilmasa- Taghaza- Ghana.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/african8.html (2060 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Sanhadja Confederation - Mauritania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		At its height, from the eighth to the end of the tenth century, the Sanhadja Confederation was a decentralized polity based on two distinct groups: the nomadic and very independent Berber groups, who maintained their traditional religions, and the Muslim, urban Berber merchants, who conducted the caravan trade.
		Although dominated by the Sanhadja merchants, the caravan trade had its northern terminus in the Maghribi commercial city of Sijilmasa and its southern terminus in Koumbi Saleh, capital of the Ghana Empire.
		The easiest, though not the shortest, routes between Ghana and Sijilmasa were from Koumbi Saleh through Aoudaghast, Oualâta, Tîchît, and Ouadane.
	www.exploitz.com /Mauritania-Sanhadja-Confederation-cg.php (505 words)

	sept29.tut2
		After twenty five days we reached Taghaza, an unattractive village, with the curious feature that its houses and mosques are built of blocks of salt, roofed with camel skins.
		No one lives at Taghaza except the slaves of the Masufa tribe, who dig for the salt; they subsist on dates imported from Dara and Sijilmasa [Morocco], camel's flesh, and millet imported from the Negrolands.
		The Negroes come up from their country and take away the salt from there.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /history111/weeksept29/sept29.tut2.html (1185 words)

	Sijilmasa: Medieval City of Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sijilmasa is located in southeastern Morocco in the oasis of the Tafilelt, immediately to the west of the modern town of Rissani.
		In early Arabic literature, it is associated with the source of West African gold.
		You can reach me by e-mail at the address above, or at
	www.mtsu.edu /~sijilmas (164 words)

	News - The Sidelines
		President Sidney McPhee was recently appointed to the NCAA Division I Board of Directors as a representative for the Sun Belt Conference.
		After much research and uncovering the story of an ancient Moroccan city, the Sijilmasa exhibit will be open soon for viewing in the rotunda of the Murfreesboro City Hall.
		Imagine an indie-rock camp instructor who plays sharp guitar riffs matched with volatile vocals and whose personal motto about music is, "There's no such thing as too loud."
	www.mtsusidelines.com /news/2003/07/23/News (170 words)

	Short Vita
		In the Shadow of Shields: a Story of the Almoravids.
		"Sijilmasa: l'intermédiaire entre la Méditerranée et l'Ouest de l'Afrique,"
		"Sijilmasa: Five Seasons of Archaeological Inquiry by a Joint Moroccan-American Mission."
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11278 /Vita/Short_vita/short_vita.html (431 words)

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