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Topic: Silesian German

	Silesian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silesian (Upper Silesian) is spoken by the Silesian ethnic group (both Polish, Silesian and German nationalities) living in the region of Upper Silesia.
		Silesian is spoken in the region of Silesia in south-western Poland and north-eastern Czech Republic and in several other places all around the world.
		At present the Silesian is commonly spoken in the area between historical border of Silesia on the east, and line Sycow - Prudnik on the west, as well as in Rawicz area (Chazacy).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silesian_language (507 words)

	Silesian German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silesian, or Schlesisch in German, (ISO 639-2 language code: SLI) is a German dialect spoken in Lower Silesia in todays southwestern Poland as well as in the northeast of the Czech Republic and a part of postwar East Germany.
		The German Silesian dialect is part of the Middle German language area with some Western Slavic influences.
		There are still many unresolved feelings on the sides of both Poles and Germans, largely because of German atrocities committed against the Poles and the subsequent displacement of Germans in areas that constitute roughly the western half of modern Poland, that was accompanied by Polish atrocities as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lower_Silesian (200 words)

	Germany's Expellees and Border Changes - An Endless Dilemma? Look into one of the least-known chapters of World War II ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While Silesian expellee and refugee groups in Germany merely protested the Bonn government's formal recognition of the Oder-Neisse line as the final border between Germany and Poland after German reunification in October 1990, the ethnic Germans in Silesia were shocked.
		Actual expulsion and deportation of Germans from central Poland and the new territories started in April 1945, and from Czechoslovakia in May. All told, some 7.5 million from today's Poland and the Russian part of East Prussia were affected by flight and expulsion, of whom an estimated 1.4 million died or were killed en route.
		The ethnic Germans of the former Soviet Union are descendants of colonists invited there in the 18th century by Czarina Catherine the Great, herself a German princess who didn't speak a word of Russian when she arrived to marry Peter III, whom she arranged to have murdered so that she could sit on the throne.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1995/9506_01.html (3789 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: German Literature
		During the ninth and tenth centuries German poetry fell into neglect; at the courts of the Saxon (919-1024) and Franconian emperors (1024-1125) and in the monasteries the Latin language was almost exclusively cultivated, and thus a body of Latin poetry arose, of which the tenth-century "Waltharius" (Waltharilied) of Ekkehard, a monk of St. Gall (d.
		Its effect on the German language was enormous; the dialect in which it is written, a Middle German dialect used in the chancery of Upper Saxony, became gradually the norm for both Protestant and Catholic writers, and is thus the basis of the modern literary German.
		The German language was neglected and devised in aristocratic circles and was corrupted by the influx of foreign words.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06517a.htm (12373 words)

	Case Studies Database
		At the moment, the ratio of Polish to German (Silesian) population is half-and-half.
		For years, the Silesians have had their own culture, which was distinct from the German culture but the fact that they did not receive any cultural autonomy from the communist authorities caused strong pro-German sentiments.
		At the moment, the relation of Polish to German (Silesian) population is half-and-half.
	lgi.osi.hu /ethnic/csdb/results.asp?idx=no&id=201 (2483 words)

	Silesian: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Silesian language can refer to the Silesian - a dialect of Polish, sometimes considered a separate Western Slavonic language related to Czech and Polish), or the Lower Silesian (Lower Silesian: lower silesian (also called niederschlesisch) is a...
		Opinions are divided between speakers and linguist (linguist: A specialist in linguistics) s as to whether Silesian is a distinct language (language: A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) or another dialect (dialect: The usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people) of Polish.
		At present the Silesian is commonly spoken in the area between historical border of Silesia on the east, and line Sycow - Prudnik (Prudnik: prudnik(german neustadt) is a town in south-western poland with inhabitants (1995),...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/silesian (574 words)

	The Social/Cultural Society of the Germans in the Opole District
		As the destructive German war upon the Soviet Union failed and the Red Army moved to the West, the question of a post-war European order was forced upon the agenda of the Allied powers.
		Many German Silesians, still convinced, that the status quo would only be a temporary arrangement, opted under pressure for Polish citizenship to save their lives and belongings.
		The Germans that remained in Poland had to learn the new language and subsequently integrated into the new society, their neighbors now being mostly expelled Poles from the former Polish East.
	www.tskn.vdg.pl /en/en_history.htm (915 words)

	Silesian - TheBestLinks.com - Czech Republic, Czech language, Dialect, Ethnologue, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Silesian, Czech Republic, Czech language, Dialect, Ethnologue, German language...
		It must not be confused with the Silesian dialect of German (Lower Silesian) spoken by the Silesian people in the same region.
		The issue of whether Silesian is a dialect or a language can be contentious since some Silesians consider themselves to be a distinct ethnic minority or nationality within Poland and some people disagree with this.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Silesian.html (511 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Germans moved in from other parts of the Holy Roman Empire in the wake of the dislocation caused by the 1241 Mongol invasion of Silesia.
		In 1327, Duke Henry VI of Wroclaw and the Upper Silesian dukes recognized the overlordship of the king of Bohemia (John of Luxemburg).
		After the referendum, there were three Silesian Insurrections, as a result of them, League of Nations decided, that the province should be split and areas that voted for Poland should become autonomous Silesian Voivodship (Wojewodztwo Śląskie), as part of Poland.
	usapedia.com /s/silesia.html (1816 words)

	shibboleth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1312, Wladislaus the Short quelled a rebellion in Kraków, populated mostly by Silesian, German and Czech citizens.
		The last response was used to identify the challenger as a native English speaker (and therefore not an enemy), whereas the German enemy would pronounce it as "Velcome".
		* The German words 'Streichholzschächtelchen' (small box of matches), 'Eichhörnchen' (squirrel) and 'Strickstrumpf' (knitted sock) serve as shibboleths for distinguishing native speakers from foreigners, due to their many 'ch' sounds and the large number of consonants.
	www.paloweb.com /wikipedia.asp?l=en&pages=shibboleth (4537 words)

	Poles Apart In Silesia, Poland. Silesian Polish German relationhships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 2002, the autonomy movement made headlines by achieving official recognition of the Silesian nationality, specifically the right to be listed in the national census conducted that year.
		Ironically, two generations later, this Silesian patriot's granddaughter emigrated to Germany, while the grandchildren of his German policeman brother decided to stay in Poland.
		"It is beyond discussion that the Silesian dialect is a dialect of Polish that survived centuries in an archaic state,” linguistics professor Jan Miodek wrote in the Silesian edition of Gazeta Wyborcza.
	www.masterpage.com.pl /outlook/polesapart.html (1840 words)

	Expatica's German news in English: Germans file suit against Polandover wartime compensation
		Well over 2 million Germans were forcibly removed after 1945 from pockets of eastern Europe that had been German-speaking for centuries.
		The right to their native soil was indivisible from their property claims, added Pawelka, who also heads a national club that fosters Silesian German folk traditions.
		On Sunday, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder said in Warsaw that his government rejected the property claims and would "make this clear to any international court" that heard such a claim.
	www.expatica.com /source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=52&story_id=10221 (538 words)

	German Genealogy: Dialects
		Lower Lausitzian and its neighboring Lower Silesian overlap geographically with the former High Prussian in central East Prussia and its neighboring West Prussia.
		It is not to be equated with Dutch, rather it is spoken even on the northern German Lower Rhine, while the northeastern part of the Netherlands around the region of Groningen is Lower Saxon.
		North Frisian is spoken on the Hallig islands and the neighboring strip of mainland on the western coast of southern Jutland and Schleswig, with elements of Danish and Low German mixed in.
	www.genealogienetz.de /misc/dialect-e.html (1405 words)

	Mixed identities in Upper Silesia - 02-01-2004 - Radio Prague
		Ethnic German revival in the Opole province has led to the opening of the Social and Cultural Association of Germans in Upper Silesia.
		Zuzanna Donat Kasiura of the German Association's office in the locality of Gogolin is proud to stress that ethnic Germans hold many provincial offices and parliamentary seats, so they are able to resolve their own problems.
		Like his German Silesian neighbours, Bartlomiej Swiderek says the love of tradition, the Silesian tongue and family bonds are the main components of his regional identity.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/49035 (685 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Borderlands
		To this hill Silesian mothers used to bring their little ones, telling them to pray that Poland return to these lands and believing that a child’s prayer would be answered.
		The residents of the Białystok region and the Silesians, similarly to the residents of Alsace and Lorraine, are people of the borderlands.
		The Silesians managed to preserve their ethnic identity for centuries, they did not let successive rulers of this region strip them of their national character, and they also preserved their own separate cultural features in relation to the Poles.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /view/2006 (1372 words)

	The Menace of Multiculturalism
		He is also the son of Silesian German immigrants who came to Canada in large part to escape the Polish-German interethnic strife of the years following World War I. Schmidt's first language was German, but he went through a public school system that coerced German-speaking children to speak only English while on school property.
		(He says this despite his Germanic impatience with the "chaos" of English, referring no doubt to its orthography.) He does not advocate that the use of other languages by private persons and groups should be in any way hindered (as, for instance, the commercial use of English is restricted in Quebec and Mexico).
		What he does want is for voting ballots to be exclusively in English, for public ceremonies to be conducted exclusively in English, for English to be the sole language of instruction in the schools.
	pages.prodigy.net /aesir/tmomc.htm (1688 words)

	H-Net Review: Catherine Epstein on Die Grenzen der Nationen: Identitätenwandel in ...
		Upper Silesians, for example, were not only removed from positions of local political power, but were also hindered in their educational and professional advancement.
		Finally, Silesian identity rests on notions of "cleanliness" and "order." Most Silesians live in small villages in which they have invested considerable community effort and resources in the upkeep of their houses, churches, cemeteries, and schools.
		A Silesian village, Berlinska notes, is immediately recognizable: the large, whitewashed houses are awash in flowers; spruce and other trees grace carefully tended lawns; and garden dwarves, small wind mills, and inanimate deer and storks dot the landscape.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=85641088555981 (1731 words)

	The Steuben Society of America
		The German Ski Museum at Planegg (DSMP) attracts a steady stream of visitors thanks to the thousands of original items on display, together with authentic pictures and rare films on skiing which bring the history of skiing alive and make the DSMP into one of the world's most important collections of ski exhibits.
		One German language program after another in middle and high schools is first gradually being curtailed and then withdrawn from school district curricula due to low enrollments and school district budget restraints.
		German study is important especially to students on track for careers in science, math or business for the many opportunities to fully participate in university study in German-speaking countries.
	www.steubensociety.org /News (8748 words)

	[No title]
		Minority: Germans; Target Group: community of Germans (or ethnic Silesians) inhabitants in Dobrzeń Wielki, Poland.
		The opportunities for a school to secure additional funds depend mainly on the relationship of a head-teacher to the local authorities, and on material abilities of the authorities to cover additional programs.
		While upholding the German culture – by means of cultural events, social assistance, and educational policies – the local authorities (who are of German ethnicity) have never formally distinguished between Polish- and German-origin inhabitants.
	www.cemes.org /current/LGI/201-eng.htm (2422 words)

	aeer15_1
		Since the group of Germans at the monument stone were a contingent of the "Landesmannschaft Schlesien," the Silesian sub-group of the League of Expellees, they assumed that Opole Silesians are such a cultural and linguistic collectivity.
		Silesian lexicon is cognate to Polish, Czech and German.
		All in all, then, it is not surprising that when one asks Silesians who are familiar with German and Polish as well as Silesian, while not being versed in historical linguistics, where they see their dialect as fitting in, they shrug: it's betwixt and between.
	condor.depaul.edu /~rrotenbe/aeer/aeer15_1.html (17511 words)

	History of Poland
		A large proportion of the prewar German and Ukrainian minorities were removed by forcible resettlement or the postwar redrawing of Poland's frontiers.
		Nevertheless, in 1993 the new freedoms of the postcommunist era continued to breed expression of animosity from parts of the Silesian German population toward the Poles.
		Encouraged by ultranationalist groups in Germany, an expanded Germanization movement included replacing Polish place-names in Silesia with the German form applied by the Nazis during their occupation of Poland.
	www.motherearthtravel.com /poland/history.htm (8742 words)

	South Australia's Barossa Region - Australia
		It was founded in 1842 by German, English and Silesian (Polish) settlers.
		But with the advent of World War II the whole of the Barossa’s inhabitants were branded German and the entire region kept under close watch.
		Restaurants proudly market the game dishes for which the German and Silesian cultures are known and the annual dill gherkin competition has become famous the country over.
	www.bellaonline.org /ArticlesP/art6965.asp (264 words)

	Silesian Inferno: War Crimes of the Red Army on its March into Silesia in 1945 (review)
		Silesian Inferno: War Crimes of the Red Army on its March into Silesia in 1945, by Karl Friedrich Grau.
		Silesian Inferno gathers and analyzes the evidence of sworn, signed statements by the German victims.
		A minor weakness of Silesian Inferno are the author's several scattered references to German policies, attributed to the National Socialists, that he suggests paralleled, or even evoked, the Red war and peace crimes.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v14/v14n1p43_Grau.html (425 words)

	wife threats me bad , nice to everybody else , my kids notice
		All Silesian jokes also are written in Silesian dialect and that’s all of the story for today.
		German: My late wife was born in Straubing and I remember a few decades ago...lousy Germanic pronunciation...greeting her elderly grandmother with a ‘Good Naked’ which scared me off trying to learn more back then.
		If Silesians were wiser they would become totally indespendent and it seems to me the best idea but people say Silesian people are not able to rule and that’s probably the core of problem.
	www.suite101.com /discussion.cfm/funlight/111866/1060601 (10889 words)

	Mixed Identities in Upper Silesia - 24-10-2003 - Radio Prague
		The constant shifting of Silesia across Polish and German borders over several centuries has created a unique ethnic mix and a regional self-consciousness.
		Silesia is also close to the hearts of the non-ethnic Germans of Silesia too.
		But these 9-year old Silesians girls, who sing in their native language, have no quarrel with any nation.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/46711 (685 words)

	Muzeum Komunikacji Tramwajowej GOP
		In Bytom the re-gauging was done between 1931 and 1936 and it included the centre and all short lines between the centre and the state border.
		Since the works on re-gauging the tracks were almost complete on German side, and in Polish Upper Silesia the narrow gauge was still in use, about the middle of 1930s VBO sold some narrow gauge cars to SK - that included Walkers, and some of Lauchhamers bought by OUB (later VBO) in 1926.
		First regular buses in Upper Silesia started operation about 1920 in the German part of the region (although there are known cases of regular horse-drawn omnibus services at least in 1914).
	zabrze.net.pl /nadkanalem/gmjwilczek/1922.htm (3348 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Infantry Development 1914-1918: The organisation and wartime history of the Austro-Hungarian Infantry ...
		"Stiffened" with German speaking officers and German NCOs and private soldiers, the regiment performed creditably on the Isonzo front under command of 5th Army and was renamed as the the 1.Feldbataillon when the regiment was reconstituted in March 1916..
		Like their colleagues in the German army on the Western front, the Austro-Hungarians improvised assault or Sturmbataillone which at their inception were constituted with varying strengths and organisation.
		Meanwhile the Austro-Hungarians followed the German example by reducing the number of infantry battalions within the division and in addition the independent battalions of a regiment were to disappear.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /infdev.htm (2530 words)

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