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Topic: Silesian language

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Upper Silesian

Silesian

Lower Silesian

Warsaw dialect

Silesian Insurrections

Province of Silesia

Upper Silesia

Silesia

Lower Silesia

Alsatian language

Lower Silesian Voivodship

Lekhitic languages

Recovered Territories

Kaschubians

Polish language

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	Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Silesian - Meta
		The Board of Trustees and language subcommittee have deemed that there is sufficient grounds and community to create the new language project.
		Some people say that Silesian is a language and some that it's a dialect.
		Regardless of whether the language is perceived to be a dialect or a language of its own, the ISO code ought to change the perspective a bit.
	meta.wikimedia.org /wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Silesian (880 words)

	Slavic Language, simplified universal international simplified planned language - SLOVIO
		This international language is gaining, daily, new ground: because it is as simple as the simplest constructed language and at the same time can be put to an immediate daily use for communication with some 400 million speakers.
		While Esperanto is a simple language it's main problem is the fact that it is made up of too many unrelated languages and thus, if you speak Esperanto, no-one will understand you only other Esperantists.
		However I was born and raised in Canada and had little opportunity to learn their language.
	www.slovio.com (2025 words)

	Slavonic languages
		The myriad differences between the dialects and languages in phonetics, grammar, and above all vocabulary may cause misunderstandings even in the simplest of conversations; and the difficulties are greater in the language of journalism, technical usage, and belles lettres, even in the case of closely connected languages.
		The Slovak literary language was formed on the basis of a Central Slovak dialect in the middle of the 19th century.
		The comparatively early rise of the West Slavic (and the westernmost South Slavic) languages as separate literary vehicles was related to a variety of religious and political factors that resulted in the decline of the western variants of the Church Slavonic language.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05slavoniclanguages.html (5789 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (Lor-Luk) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lozi is a Bantu language spoken in Zambia, Namibia and Zimbabwe.
		Lubuagan Kalinga is a language spoken in the Philippines.
		Luchazi is a Bantu language spoken in Angola and Zambia.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WLH.HTM (394 words)

	Talk:Silesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the Silesians themselves the case is very similar to the status of Catalonian before 1975 or even after that.
		However, since there are people, who call their language a Silesian language, we should accept their views here.
		P.S. I was obviously referring to the "Slavic Silesian", not to the various dialects of Czech, German or Polish spoken in the area at different periods in history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Silesia (4400 words)

	Silesian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Silesian (cataloged as Upper Silesian in Ethnologue) is spoken in the region of Silesia.
		Opinions are divided between speakers and linguists as to whether Silesian is a distinct language or a dialect of Polish.
		Silesian is not related to Lower Silesian, a German dialect.
	www.theezine.net /s/silesian.html (206 words)

	SILESIA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the local Silesian language or dialect, the region is called ''Ålonsk'' or ''Ålunsk''.
		In 1335, Duke Henry VI of WrocÅaw and the Upper Silesian dukes recognized the overlordship of the king of Bohemia, John of Luxemburg.
		Some of the Silesian dukes (especially remaining ones of the Piast dynasty) and bishop of WrocÅaw, archduke Karol_Habsburg wanted to move under Commonwealth protection as well (hoping to avoid participation in the Thirty Years' War which was ravaging lands of the Holy Roman Empire).
	www.witwib.com /?s=Silesia (3068 words)

	Encyclopedia: Slavic peoples (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The idea that the Slavic people have more in common than their origin, the origin of their languages and some cultural aspects is derived from romantic nationalism, the panslavism movement and the notion of race as a biological basis of nations.
		Slovincian is an extinct dialect of the Pomeranian language, spoken between the lakes Gardno and Lebsko in Pomerania.
		Akanie, is the practice in the Russian language of pronouncing the letter o as an a (as in father).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Slavic-peoples (6499 words)

	THE SLAVONIC LANGUAGES IN THE POST-MODERN ERA
		In informal discussion afterwards the question naturally arose as to what would characterise the development of languages in the post-modern era, and a logical inference might be that if the formation of standard languages is connected with modernisation, then the post-modern era should be characterised by the formation of post-standard languages.
		What I want to suggest to you is that we are indeed witnessing the appearance of post-standard languages and that this development is associated with four processes which are to be found taking place to a greater or lesser extent in most of the principal languages of Europe.
		Silesian differs from standard Polish rather less, at least in terms of phonology and grammar, but differs from other regional varieties in that it is widely used by the urban population of at least part of Silesia.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /Slavonic/Epicentre/PME.htm (3747 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1335, Duke Henry VI of Wroclaw and the Upper Silesian dukes recognized the overlordship of the king of Bohemia (John of Luxemburg).
		After the referendum, there were three Silesian Insurrections, and as a result of them the League of Nations decided that the province should be split and areas that voted for Poland should become autonomous Silesian Voivodship (Wojewodztwo Śląskie), as part of Poland.
		Most of the Silesian Germans were forcibly expelled from the lands east of the Oder-Neisse line, cf.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/si/silesia.html (1814 words)

	Case Studies Database (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the moment, the ratio of Polish to German (Silesian) population is half-and-half.
		For years, the Silesians have had their own culture, which was distinct from the German culture but the fact that they did not receive any cultural autonomy from the communist authorities caused strong pro-German sentiments.
		There are classes of Silesian history, special sessions targeting historical, social, and ecological problems of the region, trips to interesting places in the region, and school folk groups performing regional dances and songs.
	lgi.osi.hu /ethnic/csdb/results.asp?idx=no&id=201 (2483 words)

	Warsaw Voice - A Place of One's Own
		The history of the Silesians is not a distinct history of one state, but forms part of the history of the Polish, Czech and German states.
		Silesian culture was shaped by Polish, Czech, Austrian and German influences and by various religions-Judaism, Catholicism and Protestantism.
		In the wake of the disintegration of the country in the 12th century, Silesian princes took an oath of fealty to the Czech country.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /view/3104 (926 words)

	NOVES SL. SPRING-SUMMER 2004. LANGUAGE MINORITIES IN POLAND AT THE MOMENT (2)
		It should be also noted that the results of the 2002 census are very recent and they still need to be completely evaluated; in fact, as in the case of previous estimations, representatives of ethnic minorities presume that the figures for their groups are underestimated.
		However, the increasing assimilation of indigenous ethnic groups into the Polish identity may be due to the similarity of their languages, and therefore the number of people who use minority language in every-day life is different from the number of particular groups.
		Germans inhabit mainly the Opole province (70.1 %) and Upper Silesia (20.1%); however in the case of Silesians the situation is reversed because 85.8 per cent of people who declared Silesian identity reside in the Silesia province and the rest of the population (14 %) is concentrated in the Opole province.
	www6.gencat.net /llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/moskal2_4.htm (1343 words)

	German_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		This language was based on Eastern Upper and Eastern Central German dialects and preserved much of the grammatical system of Middle High German (unlike the spoken German dialects in Central and Upper Germany that already at that time began to lose the genitive case and the preterite tense).
		German used to be the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe.
		It is the language with the largest number of native speakers in the European Union, and, shortly after English and long before French, the second-most spoken language in Europe.
	language.school-explorer.com /German (6326 words)

	Culture language and traditons of Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Silesian tongue, a hybrid of Czech, German and Polish, although almost on the verge of extinction, is still used by the native Upper Silesians.
		The Silesians are a very religious community – they are active in their parish life and attend religious celebrations in great numbers.
		Activists of the Silesian Academic Association put much emphasis on the regional education – in fact their main aim is a formation of the Upper Silesian intelligentsia that would care much more about regional affairs.
	www.rams.pl /ras/RuchAutonomiiSlaska/eng/culture/CultureLanguageTraditions.htm (360 words)

	Kamusella: Places-Names and Objectivity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The emergence of standard languages based on spoken vernaculars used in the centers of political power in the centralized territorial states, or promoted by early activists of ethnic national movements as “most representative” of their postulated nations, was sparked by modernization.
		Especially in nation-states based on ethnic nationalism, the national language began to be perceived as a symbol of nationhood equal in rank with the national flag, national coat-of-arms and the national anthem.
		Regarding the various language forms of the main place-names in Central and Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th century, one is advised to consult Batowski (1964).
	www.univie.ac.at /spacesofidentity/_Vol_4_1/_HTML/Kamusella.html (6677 words)

	Czech-Slovak (from Slavic languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Slovak literary language was formed on the basis of a Central Slovak dialect in the middle of the 19th century.
		The Slavic languages are most closely related to the languages of the Baltic group (Lithuanian, Latvian, and the now-extinct Old Prussian), but they share certain linguistic innovations with the other eastern Indo-European...
		Although there are traces of the Slovak language in Latin documents of the 11th–15th century and in the Czech of the 14th–16th century, the earliest-known attempts to increase the use...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-74895?tocId=74895 (870 words)

	Polish Translation Service - English to Polish Translation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Polish translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Polish perform our Polish to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/polish_translation.shtml (455 words)

	Silesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ruling Silesian lords decided to rebuild their cities according to latest administrative developments, founding or relocating some 160 cities and 1500 towns with codified in place of settlements governed by older, customary Polish laws.
		After the referendum, there were three Silesian Insurrections, and as a result of them the League of Nations decided that the province should be split and areas that voted for Poland should become an autonomous area within Poland, organised as the Silesian Voivodship (Wojewodztwo Śląskie).
		Most of the surviving Silesian Germans, who before World War II numbered about 4 million, were forcibly expelled.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Silesia (1947 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This part of Silesia composed the Prussian provinces Upper Silesian Province (Prussia)Upper- and Lower Silesian Province (Prussia)Lower Silesia/ until 1945, when most of Silesia was annexed by Poland.
		In ''a'' local, not ''the'' local language or dialect because only a quite small minority of the Polish Silesians actually use this dialect.
		For the Silesians themselves the case is very similar to the status of Catalan languageCatalonian before 1975 or even after that.
	www.infothis.com /discuss/Silesia (2754 words)

	Slezan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Of course, a language is nothing but a dialect with an army and a navy, and it cannot be denied that Slezan lacks both.
		In Bohemia, Silesian parties had existed already for a longer time: the social-democratic Slezana Partia de Laboratoře i Minaři (Silesian Workers' and Miners' Party) was founded as early as the 1870s, but during its entire existence it was always more like a regional party than a national one.
		The DMS became the first Silesian political organisation to operate both in Bohemia and in the RTC; it incorporates the remnants of both the LS and the SPD, is represented in both parliaments, and in a way it can be seen as the “political arm” of the afore-mentioned KLS.
	www.geocities.com /wenedyk/language/slezan.html (2397 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Homeland Divisions
		In their address to the tribunal, Silesians quoted the results of the general census of 2002, during which 173,000 people declared they were of Silesian nationality.
		The term Silesian as a nationality began to be used in mid-1990s by politicians linked to the Silesian Autonomy Movement, an organization designed to introduce economic and financial autonomy in Silesia.
		If Silesians are recognized as a nationality, they will be the largest minority; according to the last census there are 173,000 of them.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /view/2871 (462 words)

	SILESIAN UNIVERSITY IN OPAVA
		The Silesian University is the youngest university in the Czech Republic.
		The university is situated in Opava, the historical centre of the Czech part of Silesia, a region in the northeast of the Czech Republic.
		Other cultural establishments are the Silesian Theatre with the Opera House, the Regional Archives (the third-biggest archives in the Czech Republic) and a number of libraries.
	www.ceebd.co.uk /ceeed/un/cz/cz008.htm (2968 words)

	PRZECIW HIPOKRYZJI (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The autonomous status of the Silesian Province, was suppressed in May 6, 1945, by the communist regime.
		The Luzyczanie of the north speak a language similar to Polish, in the south the Serbs are closer, in makeup, to the Moravians.
		Others state their language is taught in many schools and, at present, folk events are not hindered (as they were and have been during the past several hundred years).
	www.zakorzenienie.most.org.pl /english/04.htm (5162 words)

	Foreign Languages Teaching Centre
		At present language courses for students of the Silesian University of Technology are run in the Centre in the following languages (at all levels of mastery): English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian and Polish for foreigners.
		Moreover, intensive courses of Italian language are organised on the basis of a contract between the Silesian University of Technology and the Fiat Auto Poland company, and Spanish language courses are organised as well.
		Russian Language Team used to be the most numerous of all language teams but as a result of all changes it has become the smallest one.
	www.polsl.pl /alma.mater/ogolne/e-sjo.html (1057 words)

	Poles Apart In Silesia, Poland. Silesian Polish German relationhships (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 2002, the autonomy movement made headlines by achieving official recognition of the Silesian nationality, specifically the right to be listed in the national census conducted that year.
		“It is beyond discussion that the Silesian dialect is a dialect of Polish that survived centuries in an archaic state,” linguistics professor Jan Miodek wrote in the Silesian edition of Gazeta Wyborcza.
		He admitted that whatever language, or dialect, he might speak, talking is just about all he can do.
	www.masterpage.com.pl /outlook/polesapart.html (1840 words)

	[No title]
		The behaviour of the system is described by the generated language which is the result of the interection of the agents and the environment.
		Moreover, it is proved, that any recursively enumerable language can be obtained as the intersection of a regular language and the language of a simple eco-grammar system where the acting teams of agents are formed according to two of the above conditions.
		The generative power of colonies are discussed (cited results): the relation between the language classes of the different types of colonies, the relation to language classes in the Chosmky hierarchy, and the role of the number of the component are investigated.
	www.sztaki.hu /mms/ecobib.html (3465 words)

	Cracow Online - Polish Language tips and useful phrases
		Polish is the main representative of the Lechitic branch of the West Slavic languages.
		Polish language was once known as a lingua franca in various regions of Central and Eastern Europe, mostly due to the political, cultural, scientific, and military influence of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Polish language is awfully difficult to master, however, learning a few key phrases will definitely smooth your time in Krakow.
	www.cracowonline.com /176,Polish_Language_tips_and_useful.htm (389 words)

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