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Topic: Silica

	Silicon dioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silica is a major ingredient of Portland cement.
		The most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica, usually in the form of quartz because the considerable hardness of this mineral resists erosion.
		Silica is also used as a food additive, primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silica (249 words)

	Silica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Large quantities of synthetic amorphous silica are produced as pyrogenic (fumed) silicas and wet process silicas (precipitated silicas and silica gels) which are used, notably, for reinforcing elastomers, for thickening resins, paints and toothpaste, and as free-flow additives.
		Silica fume is a form of amorphous silica (with small amounts of crystalline silica) unintentionally released into the air from certain metallurgical processes.
		Crystalline silica translocates to the interstitium and the regional lymph nodes.
	www-cie.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol68/silica.htm (2633 words)

	Silica Fume
		Silica fume, also known as microsilica, is a byproduct of the reduction of high-purity quartz with coal in electric furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys.
		Silica Fume consists of very fine vitreous particles with a surface area on the order of 215,280 ft2/lb (20,000 m2/kg) when measured by nitrogen absorption techniques, with particles approximately 100 times smaller than the average cement particle.
		Silica Fume has been used as an addition to concrete up to 15 percent by weight of cement, although the normal proportion is 7 to 10 percent.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /infrastructure/materialsgrp/silica.htm (1086 words)

	Silica Fume Association - What is Silica Fume?
		Silica fume is a byproduct of producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys.
		Silica fume is available from suppliers of concrete admixtures and, when specified, is simply added during concrete production.
		Silica fume for use in concrete is available in wet or dry forms.
	www.silicafume.org /general-silicafume.html (541 words)

	Silica — Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
		Silica is used as a raw material feedstock for the production of glass where it is mixed with lime and soda to produce domestic glass for windows, bottles, jars, light bulbs and plate glass.
		Silica is commonly used as a filler in paints, plastics, rubber, adhesives, putty and sealants.
		Silica fume is also used as a filler material in refractory concretes, where its function is to improve the particle packing of the product increasing strength and reducing porosity.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1114 (1419 words)

	Advanced Aquarist Feature Article
		In this same sponge, the rate of silica uptake is a function of the dissolved silica concentration in the seawater, with higher silica concentrations resulting in higher rates of uptake.
		Silica uptake kinetics of Halichondria panicea in Kiel Bight.
		Silica uptake of the marine sponge Halichondria panicea in Kiel Bight.
	advancedaquarist.com /issues/jan2003/feature.htm (6722 words)

	Anti-Aging Properties of Silica Supplementation
		Silica is even found in the blood itself, and in such critical organs as the liver, heart and lungs.
		Silica in GHT's Silica Plusis quickly and efficiently delivered to the areas of the body where silica absorption is most needed.
		Silica was recognized by the health and science community as an essential trace element in 1972.
	thelakeshorestore.com /silica_antiaging.html (535 words)

	Better Nutrition: Silica Natural Beauty's Best Friend
		While silica may not be the first beauty nutrient that leaps to your mind, its value shouldn't be ignored since beautiful and strong hair, skin and nails depend upon it.
		Silica levels of the aorta, the heart's major blood pathway, also decline with age, and the surrounding connective tissues may show signs of weakening.
		Silica is not known to have any inherent toxic effects, but there has been a concern about the role it plays in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FKA/is_5_62/ai_62702350 (1258 words)

	DNA Binding to Crystalline Silica Characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica samples were dried in an oven at 110°C for 24 hr before each experiment and then suspended in buffer at a concentration of 20 mg/ml.
		Spectra were obtained for the silica suspension alone (0.2, 1, and 5 mg/ml), calf thymus DNA alone (10 mg/ml), and a mixture (silica 0.2, 1, or 5 mg/ml, and DNA 10 mg/ml).
		In vitro hemolysis produced by silica particles may be related to the interaction of silica with membrane proteins (54) and differences in the infrared spectra of silica preparations have been correlated with their hemolytic activity (37).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-10/mao-full.html (5643 words)

	Silica
		Silica Crystalline silica - inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources (Group 1: The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans.
		Silica Fused; Silica Graphite; Silica Quartz and Silica Tripoli
		WG 6 Silica under ISO TC 146/ SC 2 (Workplace Atmospheres) for the international harmonization and standardization of sampling, analysis and quality assurance procedures for the evaluation of respirable silica in workplace atmospheres.
	www.asosh.org /WorldLinks/TopicSpecific/silica.htm (937 words)

	Silica Attorneys Cleveland, Ohio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica, or silicon dioxide, is a common chemical compound found in sand, rock, and soil.
		If you are suffering an adverse health condition due to exposure to silica dust in the workplace, one of the easiest ways to prove that your employer is liable is to establish that a federal workplace health regulation was violated in connection with your medical condition.
		Silica is the second most common mineral in the earth's crust and is a major component of sand, rock, and mineral ores.
	www.ohio-silica-attorney.com (852 words)

	Silica Aeogels - Thermal Properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For dense silica, solid conductivity is relatively high (a single-pane window transmits a large amount of thermal energy).
		The pores of silica aerogel are open and allow the passage of gas (albeit with difficulty) through the material (see the section on the Pore Structure of Aerogels).
		An advantage of silica aerogels for insulation applications is their visible transparency which will allow their use in windows and skylights.
	eande.lbl.gov /ECS/aerogels/satcond.htm (1295 words)

	Invention & Design: The Dow Corning Corporationdccpart2.rtf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica is silicon dioxide (SiO2), commonly found in sand and quartz.
		The most widely recognized synthetic form is sodium silicate, or water glass, a combination of silica with sodium and hydrogen.
		combining chemically with most metallic oxides," 7] silica is important in both the chemical and industrial realms.
	cti.itc.virginia.edu /~meg3c/ethics/cases/dcc/dccpart2.html (517 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is silica gel and why do I find little packets of it in everything I buy?"
		You will find little silica gel packets in anything that would be affected by excess moisture or condensation.
		Silica gel is nearly harmless, which is why you find it in food products.
		Silica gel can adsorb about 40 percent of its weight in moisture and can take the relative humidity in a closed container down to about 40 percent.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question206.htm (225 words)

	Crystalline Silica
		The primary health concerns in subjects exposed to silica dust are the fibrogenic capacity of the inhaled silica particles that can lead to the development of silicosis and an increased risk of tuberculosis.
		Silica is the name which collectively describes various forms of silicon dioxide, including both the crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous) forms of silica.
		While amorphous silica can be transformed into crystalline forms such as tridymite and cristobalite by heating to high temperatures it is generally only the crystalline forms of silica which are fibrogenic.
	www.asosh.org /Programmes/SORDSA/Crystalline_silica.htm (3816 words)

	Silica - NIOSH Publication (General) - NIOSH Topic Page
		At least 1.7 million U.S. workers are exposed to respirable crystalline silica in a variety of industries and occupations, including construction, sandblasting, and mining.
		Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica are associated with the development of silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and airways diseases.
		This report warns producers and users of silica flour that the risk of developing silicosis may be very high for exposed workers.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/topics/silica (1358 words)

	AllRefer.com - silica, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alkalies, and soluble in dilute hydrofluoric acid.
		It is used as a filler for paint and rubber; in making ordinary glass; in ceramics; in construction; and in the preparation of other substances, e.g., silicon carbide.
		Fused quartz is pure amorphous silica; it is used in special chemical and optical apparatus.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/silica.html (205 words)

	Silica Aerogels - Marketech International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica Aerogels are generally known for being an extremely lightweight transparent solid (down to
		Our standard silica aerogel is formed into translucent monolithic blocks with carefully controlled densities.
		As the silica aerogel monolithic blocks are quite friable, we offer random pieces 0.2 to 2.0 cm for evaluation purposes.
	www.mkt-intl.com /aerogels/silica.html (132 words)

	AFSCME Health and Safety Fact Sheet - Silica
		Who is at risk: Workers exposed to dust containing silica during highway construction, sand blasting, loading and hauling or crushing rocks, cutting or grinding or chipping stone, demolition or concrete or masonry structures.
		Silica is found in sandstone, granite, flint, and slate and other common materials.
		Silica causes disease when workers breathe in tiny silica particles that are released from rocks and ores.
	www.afscme.org /health/faq-sili.htm (563 words)

	Acute Silica Toxicity: Attenuation by Amiodarone-induced Pulmonary Phospholipidosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Exposure to the toxic mineral dust silica has been shown to produce an acute inflammatory response in the lungs of both humans and laboratory animals.
		At both 1 and 14 days after silica exposure, pulmonary phospholipidosis was associated with a marked reduction in acute silica-induced pulmonary damage as assessed by biochemical parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, however; the influx of neutrophils into the airspaces was not reduced.
		We hypothesize that the attenuating effect of the phospholipidosis may be due to both an elevation in extracellular phospholipid in the airspaces as well as the ability of amiodarone to inhibit pulmonary phospholipases and thus prevent the enzymatic digestion of the phospholipid coating the silica.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /docs/1994/102-4/antonini.html (417 words)

	Silica definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Silica: The chief component of sand and a substance responsible for lung disease and cancer.
		Crystalline silica of respirable size is primarily quartz dust occurring in industrial and occupational settings in the form of fine, breathable particles.
		In the year 2000, crystalline silica of respirable size was upgraded by the U.S. government to a "known human carcinogen." There are increased lung cancer rates in workers exposed to respirable-size (breathable) crystalline silica, primarily quartz and crystabolite, that are generated during sandblasting and similar activities in an occupational setting.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13435 (235 words)

	Laws, Acts, and Legislation
		(1) Exposure to silica or mixed dust is the predominate cause of the physical impairment alleged in the silicosis claim or mixed dust disease claim, whichever is applicable.
		To rebut this presumption, the plaintiff must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the premises owner had actual knowledge of the potential dangers of the products containing silica or mixed dust at the time of the alleged exposure that was superior to the knowledge of both the invitee and the invitee's employer.
		Where specific evidence of frequency of exposure to, or proximity and length of exposure to, a particular defendant's silica or mixed dust is lacking, summary judgment is appropriate in tort actions involving silica or mixed dust because such a plaintiff lacks any evidence of an essential element that is necessary to prevail.
	www.legislature.state.oh.us /bills.cfm?ID=125_HB_342 (5864 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Silica gel [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica gel is a granular, porous form of silica made synthetically from sodium silicate.
		Silica gel is non-toxic, non-flammable and chemically unreactive.
		While non-doped silica gel is non-toxic, the chemicals used to dope it can be toxic and are the reason most silica gel is labled as poisonous when eaten.
	encyclozine.com /Silica_gel (284 words)

	Silica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica also is more or less reactive, and therefore a risk, based on the material it attracts to the facets of the crystal.
		The silica industry chose not to warn of the risks of silica inhalation adequately, according to Michael S. Polk of Sieben, Polk, LaVerdeire, Jones and Hawn in Hastings, who was on the faculty of the Sept. 18 Mealey Publications and Conferences Group silica conference in Philadelphia.
		Silica dust is produced in foundries and other industries by rubbing, abrading, or mechanical action on quartz sand, which is composed primarily of crystalline silica.
	www.mealeys.com /silica.html (12847 words)

	Silica ore mine at Crystal Mtn Nevada: Printable property video tour text
		The upper bench is mostly high grade silica used in silica metal.
		Without drilling the bottom benches where the high grade silica is. There is some very high grade silica in an area about 300 to 400 foot long, and 250 feet wide.
		We think that goes down to a depth of around 1,500 feet, so that would be another reserve of the high grade 99.5% silica that would be used for silica metal.
	www.silica-ore.com /silica-ore-print.html (923 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Rocks and Minerals (S-Sao) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sandstone is produced by sand which has been deposited and cement precipitated between the grains by groundwater percolating through it.
		The most common cements are calcium carbonate, silica and iron oxide.
		Sandstone is an important building material in the USA where many of the brownstone houses in the north-east cities are made of sandstone.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /HI.HTM (268 words)

	Silicosis crystalline silica lung disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silica Technical Advisor (public test version) is an expert training and information aid.
		It includes current information that will assist businesses and workers in identifying potential silica hazards in their workplaces by choosing appropriate sampling and analytical techniques, comparing monitoring results with the silica exposure limits, and selecting appropriate short-term and long-term control options.
		Describes the current regulatory status of silica, and designates silica as a priority for comprehensive rulemaking to reduce the burden of silica-related diseases.
	www.pearsonandpearson-law.com /silicos/silicos.html (1547 words)

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