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Topic: Silicon burning process

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Silicon burning process

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	Silicon burning process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astrophysics, silicon burning is a nuclear fusion reaction which occurs in massive stars.
		The silicon burning process is extremely short-lived: a star on average burns its accumulated silicon in one day.
		It is also the last step in a star's life, since the final product, iron-56, is one of the most stable isotopes in the Universe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silicon_burning_process (180 words)

	Process for burning in planographic printing plates - Patent 4063507
		The process of claim 5, wherein the burning-in is conducted in a period of from 3 to 20 minutes.
		However, when the burning in is applied, the non-image areas of the printing plate which are hydrophilic prior to the burning in (i.e., areas where the hydrophilic surface of the support is exposed by development) lose their hydrophilicity and tend to receive printing ink, thereby causing contamination at the background of printed matter (background contamination).
		Burning pre-treating agents used in the present invention include boric acid, metal salts of boric acid, with the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts being preferred, e.g., sodium borate, potassium borate, lithium borate, and ammonium borate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4063507.html (3235 words)

	Synthetic quartz glass manufacturing process - US Patent 6339940 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A process according to claim 1, wherein the difference in angle between the direction of the soot-discharging gas and the direction of the high-temperature gas stream is 10 degrees.
		A silicon compound serving as the silicon source is introduced into the flame, converting the silicon to silicon dioxide, which is at the same time continuously deposited onto the surface of the ingot, thereby effecting synthetic quartz glass growth.
		The ultrafine silicon dioxide is subsequently vitrified by the high-temperature gas and deposited onto a quartz ingot, inducing growth of the ingot.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6339940.html (4222 words)

	silicon
		Silicon is the principal component of glass, semiconductors, cement, ceramics and silicones, the latter a plastic substance often confused with silicon.
		Silicon dioxide in the form of sand and clay is an important ingredient of concrete and brick and is also used to produce Portland cement.
		Silicon is commercially prepared by the heating of high-purity silica in an electric arc furnace using carbon electrodes.
	www.fact-library.com /silicon.html (1213 words)

	Process for preparing silicon carbide whiskers - Patent 4500504
		A process according to claim 1, wherein the silica gel which is to contain the water-soluble compound therein is a synthetic silica gel obtainable by decomposing sodium silicate with an inorganic acid.
		A process according to claim 2, wherein the silica gel which is to contain the water-soluble compound therein is a synthetic silica gel obtainable by decomposing sodium silicate with an inorganic acid.
		The process in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that 100 parts by weight of a silica gel are mixed with 110 to 400 parts by weight of a furnace carbon fl, and the two mixed raw materials are reacted together in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and at a temperature ranging from 1,300.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4500504.html (3814 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		The charge is placed in a furnace similar to the one used in the Bessemer process of steelmaking except that pure oxygen instead of air is blown into the charge to oxidize the impurities present.
		data processing data processing or information processing, operations (e.g., handling, merging, sorting, and computing) performed upon data in accordance with strictly defined procedures, such as recording and summarizing the financial transactions of a business.
		flotation process flotation process, in mineral treatment and mining, process for concentrating the metal-bearing mineral in an ore. Crude ore is ground to a fine powder and mixed with water, frothing reagents, and collecting reagents.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Silicon+burning+process&rc=10&fh=9&fr=11 (557 words)

	Silicon Evidence Case
		Silicone is used in pacemakers, heart valves, eye lenses, artificial joints, chin, breast and penile implants, surgical tubing, mesh, shunts, sponges and is also used to lubricate syringes and IV needles.
		PICK's claim is that the silicone in Barry Pick's implant caused him to develop autoimmune disease n6, varyingly described by plaintiff's witnesses as "siliconosis" and "silicone induced immune deficiency," "silicone disease for want of (formal) designation" and a "systematic inflammatory illness" caused by the silicone devices.
		Thus the 'dose' of silicone from a gel implant is significantly greater than from the shredded particles of an elastomer implant.
	duedall.fit.edu /summer/evidence.htm (5785 words)

	Burning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Burning bush burning bush at St. Catherine's, Sinai In Byzantine times, Saint Catherine's monastery was built on the sup...
		Burning Wings Burning Wings is what the Vikings called the process whereby they slit two holes in the victim's back and...
		Wood burning Wood burning is an art and craft, a particular type of pyrography, in which wood is decorated by browning w...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/burning.html (418 words)

	Stellar nucleosynthesis: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Stellar nucleosynthesis
		The processes involved were elucidated over a number of years from early in the 20th century, when it was first realised that the energy released from nuclear reactions accounted for the longevity of the Sun as a source of heat and light.
		He selected two process that he believed are the source of energy in stars.
		The second process, the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle, which was also considered by Carl von Weizsäcker[?] in 1938, is most important in more massive stars.
	www.encyclopedian.com /st/Stellar-nucleosynthesis.html (333 words)

	Stellar nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The processes involved began to be understood early in the 20th century, when it was first realised that the energy released from nuclear reactions accounted for the longevity of the Sun as a source of heat and light.
		The prime energy producer in the sun is the fusion of hydrogen to helium, which occurs at a minimum temperature of 3 million kelvins.
		The second process, the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle, which was also considered by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1938, is most important in more massive stars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis (394 words)

	Encyclopedia: Oxygen burning process
		The oxygen burning process is a nuclear fusion reaction that occurs in massive stars that have used up the lighter elements in their cores.
		With the neon burning process an inert core of O-Mg forms in the centre of the star.
		Proceeding outward, there are a oxygen burning shell, followed by the neon shell, the carbon shell, the helium shell and the hydrogen shell.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oxygen-burning-process (482 words)

	Assembly and process for controlled burning of landmine without detonation - US Patent 6484617 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The process of claim 8, wherein a ratio of the height of said solid propellant to the height of said central perforation is about 3:1.
		This invention relates to an assembly and process for effecting demining operations, and in particular to an assembly and process for at least partially consuming the explosive within a landmine in a controlled and stable manner so that detonation of the explosive is avoided or reduced in magnitude.
		Once controlled burning of the explosive charge commences, the firing of the solid propellant may be terminated by consumption of the propellant or otherwise.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6484617.html (3699 words)

	Stellar nucleosynthesis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1939, in a paper entitled "Energy Production in Stars", (United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for research in astrophysics and nuclear physics (born 1906)) Hans Bethe analyzed the different possibilities for reactions by which hydrogen is fused into helium.
		He selected two processes that he believed to be the sources of energy in stars.
		The second process, the (additional info and facts about carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle) carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle, which was also considered by (additional info and facts about Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker) Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1938, is most important in more massive stars.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/St/Stellar_nucleosynthesis.htm (423 words)

	Burning Food
		The usual sense of respiration, breathing, is part of this process as we take in air so that oxygen can be absorbed, and carbon dioxide evolved, which are the gaseous participants.
		The fundamental metabolic processes in a plant cell are the same as in an animal cell.
		When fuels are burned to produce heat, and the heat is used to produce mechanical power, the efficiency is limited by the requirement that the overall entropy change caused by the heat transfers must not be negative.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/metabo.htm (4609 words)

	Silicon
		Silicon is an word known to the public, at least in the phrase "Silicon Valley," and is associated with computers, although the public probably does not know what a chemical element is, or how silicon is used in computers, or where it comes from, or how it behaves.
		Silicon belongs to the IVA family in the periodic table, which consists of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead.
		The silicon is treated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride to produce a chlorinated silane, which is fractionally distilled to high purity, and decomposed on a hot wire.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/silicon.htm (16683 words)

	Process for burning a carbonaceous fuel using a high energy alternating current wave - Patent 4820957
		Process for burning a carbonaceous fuel using a high energy alternating current wave
		The second input, which flows to silicon controlled rectifier 58 when the output wave from winding 46 also has a positive amplitude, flows from point 45 through resistor 42 to the cathode of the SCR 58.
		The output from full-wave rectifier 48 is connected to the anode 98 of silicon controlled rectifier 58; and it is also connected to triggering device 96 through line 100.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4820957.html (3929 words)

	South Bay Burner Projects within the Burning Silicon Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Pagoda was the direct result of a call put out to the Burning Silicon community by veteran artist Bob Mazewski (known as 'Wizzard" in the burning man community) to gather local burners and collectively produce a large art piece that would be burned mid-week.
		Over the course of a year, Wizzard led the group through the complex process from concept to design which included a myriad of mathematical formulas to perfect the structural integrity of the sculpture.
		Once the design jelled and the sanity checks confirmed that this massive undertaking could be successfully built, the group continued the process of bringing their concept to life by not only determining the massive amounts of material the Pagoda would need, but also figuring out how the 20 tons would be transported to the desert.
	www.burningsilicon.com /projects.html (531 words)

	Silicon burning process -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Silicon burning process -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		It is also the last step in a star's live, since the final product, iron-56, is one of the most stable isotopes in the Universe.
		Fusion cannot proceed any further except by (additional info and facts about endothermic) endothermic processes (such as neutron capture, see (additional info and facts about r-process) r-process, (additional info and facts about s-process) s-process).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/silicon_burning_process.htm (337 words)

	A Burning Candle
		During the combustion process, decomposition of the polymer and the flame retardants occurs.
		However, the radical combustion process is inhibited or short-circuited by the presence of the halogen radicals which can act as terminating agents for chain reactions.
		There are processes in dynamic equilibrium occurring during the burning process.
	www.pslc.ws /fire/candle/candmac.htm (911 words)

	DEQ News Release
		But the local wood burning advisory is yellow, asking you to not burn wood in your fireplace or wood stove.
		Silicon and aluminum are found in particulate that comes from soil, rocks or dust.
		A computer program uses a process called chemical mass balancing to compare the particulate pollution collected at a known location against the types of pollutant sources found in that community.
	www.deq.state.or.us /news/prDisplay.asp?docID=639 (849 words)

	Metroactive CyberScape \| Silicon Humans
		Silicon Valley prides itself on its hectic pace of life, so much so that the image of exhausted startup employees slumped face-down in cold pizza has become an icon.
		The pace of life in Silicon Valley is fast, he concedes, but people exaggerate it--and besides, a lot of them kind of like it.
		Legend has it that Nero fiddled while Rome burned, but here's the problem with legends: violins didn't exist in 68 C.E. Many great works of art may owe their inspiration to disasters, but most people don't write poetry while their houses are burning.
	www.metroactive.com /papers/metro/01.06.00/cover/humantech-0001.html (4443 words)

	Burning Ambitions
		These days the process of manufacturing blank discs is refined, and it's unlikely that a manufacturer will ship inferior-grade discs to the stores.
		The main differences between the commercial CD and CD-R manufacturing processes are the inclusion of a dye, a distinct type of reflective metal, and the physical content of the glass master.
		The next step in the process, called electroforming, turns the conductive glass master into a big electrode that is immersed in a nickel sulphamate solution.
	emusician.com /met/emusic_burning_ambitions/index.html (5047 words)

	Research: New Process Creates Silicon-Based Chemicals from Sand
		Current technology for producing silicon-based materials uses a very old metallurgical process that requires heating minerals like quartz sand in a furnace at extremely high temperatures, then using an electric current and a carbon compound to remove the oxygen and create an impure silicon metal.
		Studies at Dow Corning suggest that 70 percent of the energy consumed in producing silicon-based chemicals, including silicone rubbers, is lost as gases during the process.
		In comparing traditional manufacturing methods with his new process, Laine explains, “we have discovered an extremely low-cost route to silicon-containing chemicals and polymers, with very few of the environmental hazards that exist in current processes.” The wider implications of the research are significant.
	www.engin.umich.edu /alumni/engineer/01SS/research.html (1055 words)

	NCC Safey Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Burns from a strong hydrofluoric acid (50% to 70%) are felt immediately.
		The purpose of the calcium gluconate is to neutralize the fluoride ion.
		Second degree burns (skin is red and have blisters) should be treated by immersing the affected area in cold water.
	www.ncc.edu /envhealth/ncc_safety_programs.html (5331 words)

	FSDC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It also is difficult to control the flow generated by the buoyancy-induced forces without adversely affecting other factors that influence the burning process.
		In addition, the influence of convection on the burning characteristics is measured by imposing a controlled air flow.
		The first camera provides the backlit view of the droplet from which the burning rate and the extinction diameter of the fuel are obtained.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Shuttle/msl/science/fsdc.html (273 words)

	ABC News: Silicon Insider: Burning Questions
		Michael S. Malone, once called “the Boswell of Silicon Valley,” is editor-at-large of Forbes ASAP magazine.
		His work as the nation’s first daily high-tech reporter at the San Jose Mercury-News sparked the writing of his critically acclaimed The Big Score: The Billion Dollar Story of Silicon Valley, which went on to become a public TV series.
		He has written several other highly praised business books and a novel about Silicon Valley, where he was raised.
	abcnews.go.com /Business/story?id=87689&page=1 (404 words)

	Welcome to Beer-Wine.com
		The malting process converts the starches in the grain to sweeter, softened kernels.
		The remaining starches are later converted in a process called "mashing" to fermentable sugars by the previously activated enzymes.
		The starches are converted to sugars during the malting process; therefore mashing is not necessary for total conversion.
	www.beer-wine.com /faq.asp (7727 words)

	A Burning Candle
		There are insights into basic physics and chemistry which are important for you to be aware of and which can illustrate for you the importance of critical observations.
		Look for phase changes, evidence of chemical reactions, physical processes, such as convection and condensation, and any other overall or detailed component of the behavior of the flame, the polymer, or interphase.
		These materials are phosphorous esters, silicon and aluminum containing salts, and highly brominated or chlorinated aromatic or aliphatic additives.
	www.pslc.ws /macrog/demos/candle.htm (1102 words)

	New process that creates silicon-based chemicals from sand likely to exert major impact on dozens of industries
		Laine's research group correctly theorized that this new catalytic approach would open up the process dramatically, making it possible to use almost any source of silica and thus produce a wider range of compounds.
		Several of the compounds produced with this newly developed process are very similar to those found to offer pharmacological activity such as wound healing and hair growth.
		In comparing traditional manufacturing methods with his new process, Laine explains, "We have discovered an extremely low-cost route to silicon-containing chemicals and polymers, with very few of the environmental hazards that are extant in current processes." The wider implications of the research are significant.
	www.umich.edu /~newsinfo/Releases/2000/Nov00/r111400d.html (621 words)

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