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Topic: Silicon dioxide

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	Silicon - MSN Encarta
		Silicon is prepared as a brown amorphous powder or as gray-fl crystals.
		Silicon dioxide is the principal constituent of sand.
		Silicon is a semiconductor, in which the resistivity to the flow of electricity at room temperature is in the range between that of metals and that of insulators.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571760/Silicon.html (786 words)

	Silicon - ninemsn Encarta
		Silicon is in group 14 (or IVa) of the periodic table.
		Silicon is prepared as a brown amorphous powder or as grey-fl crystals.
		The silicates (such as the complex aluminium, calcium, and magnesium silicates) are the chief constituents of clays, soils, and rocks in the form of feldspars, amphiboles, pyroxenes, micas, and zeolites, and of semi-precious stones, such as olivine, garnet, zircon, topaz, and tourmaline.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571760/Silicon.html (792 words)

	Silicon
		Silicon is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element in the earth's crust and is found in plants, animals and in most living organisms.
		Silicon dioxide or silica is more poorly absorbed than orthosilic acid, which is formed by the hydration of silicon dioxide.
		Silicon is available in multivitamin preparations, usually in the form of silicon dioxide or magnesium trisilicate, typically at doses of about 2 milligrams.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/sil_0235.shtml (663 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Silicon
		Silicon was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, in 1824 by heating chips of potassium in a silica container and then carefully washing away the residual by-products.
		Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe and the second most abundant element in the earth's crust.
		Silicon is also an important ingredient in silicone, a class of material that is used for such things as lubricants, polishing agents, electrical insulators and medical implants.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele014.html (264 words)

	Silicon dioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silicon dioxide (silica) is widely used as a homeopathic remedy to treat impure blood, boils, brittle nails and lack-lustre hair.
		The homeopathic usage of silicon dioxide was introduced in the 19th century by [1] Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Schüßler (1821-1898) through his biochemic method of healing.
		Silicon dioxide is attacked by hydrofluoric acid (HF).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silicon_dioxide (709 words)

	silicon-based life
		When carbon is oxidized during the respiratory process of a terrestrial organism (see respiration), it becomes the gas carbon dioxide – a waste material that is easy for a creature to remove from its body.
		The oxidation of silicon, however, yields a solid because, immediately upon formation, silicon dioxide organizes itself into a lattice in which each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygens.
		Silicon's failure to give rise to many compounds that display handedness makes it hard to see how it could serve as the basis for the many interconnected chains of reactions needed to support life.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/siliconlife.html (934 words)

	Silicon Dioxide Properties
		Silicon dioxide (silica) is one of the most commonly encountered substances in both daily life and in electronics manufacturing.
		Crystalline silicon dioxide (in several forms: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite) is an important constituent of a great many minerals and gemstones, both in pure form and mixed with related oxides.
		Deposited silicon dioxide, almost always by CVD approaches, is almost as old as thermal growth on the substrate, and has been employed in various ways in IC fabrication due to its familiarity, versatility, and reliability.
	www.timedomaincvd.com /CVD_Fundamentals/films/SiO2_properties.html (1360 words)

	Properties of Silicon Dioxide
		Silicon Dioxide is commonly found as a white or transparent, crystalline solid.
		Silicon dioxide is held together by double, covalent bonds.
		In this case the silicon ion is an ion with the valence of +4 and each of the two oxygen anions have a valence of –2.
	web1.caryacademy.org /chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2003/silicondioxide/Properties.htm (192 words)

	Semiconductor Manufacturing Materials - www.SiliconFarEast.com
		Silicon is a semiconductor, which means that its electrical behavior is between that of a conductor and an insulator at room temperature.
		Silicon is obtained by heating silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica, with a reducing agent in a furnace.
		Silicon dioxide is the main component of ordinary sand.
	www.siliconfareast.com /semicon_matls.htm (728 words)

	Use of oxalyl chloride to form chloride-doped silicon dioxide films of silicon substrates - Patent 5721176
		A process of forming chlorine-doped silicon dioxide films on a silicon substrate comprising oxidizing said silicon substrate in the presence of a chlorine source, thereby forming said chlorine-doped silicon dioxide film on said silicon substrate, said chlorine source being oxalyl chloride.
		One aspect of the present invention is directed to a process of forming chlorine-doped silicon dioxide films on a silicon substrate comprising oxidizing said silicon substrate in the presence of a chlorine source, thereby forming said chlorine-doped silicon dioxide film on said silicon substrate, said chlorine source being oxalyl chloride.
		The present process of forming chlorine-doped silicon dioxide films on a silicon substrate may be used to produce films or layers having a refractive index in the range from about 1.46.+-.0.02; more preferably, refractive index in the range from 1.46.+-.0.01.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5721176.html (3010 words)

	Silica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Silicon Dioxide, SiO2, (which is also known as Silica) is widely distributed in the environment, and is present in the form of sand on all beaches.
		Silica is prepared by the hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride with water and heating the hydrated oxide formed.
		Silicon dioxide is a crystalline compound that transmits visible and ultraviolet light.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/comp/sio2.html (174 words)

	BYU Cleanroom - KOH Etching of Silicon wafers, Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) and Silicon Nitride (SiN)
		KOH Etching of Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Nitride
		KOH etching of silicon nitride was not observed in the study.
		Silicon 100 etches anisotropically, with a 54.74° angle from the plane.
	www.ee.byu.edu /cleanroom/KOH.phtml (275 words)

	Silicon Nitride Etch
		The rate of etching silicon nitride films depends on the exact stoichiometry of the films, the substrate temperature during deposition, and the density of the films.
		The focus of this paper will be on the etching of silicon nitride with silicon dioxide used as a mask in hot phosphoric acid.
		From Equation 1 it can be seen that water is hydrolyzing the silicon nitride to form hydrous silica and ammonia, the ammonia remains in the solution in the form of ammonium phosphate.
	www.bold-tech.com /noframes/technical/silicon_nitride.html (1286 words)

	Silicon Quest International - In House Thermal Oxide Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Silicon Quest continues to provide oxidation services for nonstandard shapes and carbide shops to rapidly design and produce special fixturing and tooling for nonstandard applications.
		Silicon dioxide is widely used in the electronic and optical communication industries.
		Thermal silicon dioxide is also an excellent transmitter of optical energy.
	www.siliconquest.com /old/services/oxide_service.htm (295 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - SILICON or SILICA
		Silicon, atomic number of 14, is a semi-metallic or metalloid, because it has several of the metallic characteristics.
		Silicon is known in the ferroalloy and chemical industries as “silicon metal.” The ultra pure form of silicon (>99.99% Si) is distinguished from silicon metal by the term “semiconductor-grade silicon.” The terms “silicon metal” and “silicon” are used interchangeably.
		Silicon is used in the aluminum industry to improve castability and weldability, not to add strength as noted in the text.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photosil.html (871 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Silicon
		Silicon dioxide occurs in two forms: a crystalline form, quartz, which has the same lattice structure as diamond, and a noncrystalline form, flint.
		Silicon polymers, or silicones, are used to make caulk, electrical insulation, hydraulic fluids, anti-foaming agents, water-repellent coatings for fabrics, cosmetic implants, and many other goods.
		Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of the basic process whereby silicon is prepared from silicon dioxide, but this is a negligible source of atmospheric carbon, compared to the amount generated by combustion of fossil fuels.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/1014.html (796 words)

	Silica — Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
		Most silicon is produced as a ferroalloy either ferrosilicon or silicon manganese, which is used exclusively in steel making.
		Silicon is an intrinsic semiconductor, which means that its electrical behaviour is based on its inherent electronic structure.
		The high shock resistant refractory material silicon carbide is produced by the reaction of silica sand with coke.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1114 (1418 words)

	Silicon
		Silicon differs from carbon in that silicon does not have the same tendency to catenate.
		Silicon also differs from carbon in that it does not form pi bonds as readily as carbon does.
		Therefore silicon analogs of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxode, which contain double and triple bonds, are not observed.
	www.uncp.edu /home/mcclurem/ptable/silicon/si.htm (666 words)

	Silicon dioxide
		The silicon atom is bigger and so there is less room for the oxygen to be attracted for form a double bond so it has to form a lattice ot be stable.
		Silicon atoms are larger than carbon atoms and they normally bond to four oxygens.
		Due to the linear geometry, carbon dioxide has net dipole moment of zero, there won't be much intermolecular attraction, and also I would imagine that sillicon/oxygen interactions are distinctly different in nature than that of carbon and oxygen...I'll have to do a bit of research to figure out the more vital specifics.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=74445 (1292 words)

	The oxides of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead
		It concentrates on the structural differences between carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide, and on the trends in acid-base behaviour of the oxides as you go down Group 4.
		Carbon dioxide is a gas whereas silicon dioxide is a hard high-melting solid.
		Silicon dioxide also reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, but only if it is hot and concentrated.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /inorganic/group4/oxides.html (1572 words)

	260. Silicon dioxide and certain silicates (WHO Food Additives Series 5)
		No appreciable deposition of silicon dioxide was seen in the kidney, livers, spleen, blood and urine in the animals fed at the 5% level.
		Fifteen rats of each sex were fed one of the four silicon compounds (silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, sodium silicate and magnesium trisilicate) for four weeks at the same levels used in the dog experiment (see below).
		At the twenty-third day of the study the average weight for the low silicon group was 76 g compared to a weight of 116 g for the supplemented group (p <0.02).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je04.htm (2890 words)

	Silicon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silicon (IPA: /ˈsɪlikən/, Latin: silicium) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Si and atomic number 14.
		The largest application of pure silicon (metallurgical grade silicon) is in aluminum - silicon alloys, often called "light alloys", to produce cast parts, mainly for automotive industry (this represents about 55% of the world consumption of pure silicon).
		Since silicon is similar to carbon, particularly in its valency, some people have proposed the possibility of silicon-based life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silicon (2222 words)

	Synthesis of Silicon Dioxide Film Using High-Concentration Ozone and Evaluation of the Film Quality Journal of ...
		Both results showed that the quality of film subjected to ozone oxidation at 500°C is equal or superior to that of the film subjected to pyrogenic oxidation at 750°C in spite of the faster oxidation rate, and thus, the significant advantages of ozone oxidation at low oxidation temperatures could be confirmed.
		Moreover, the quality of the silicon oxide film oxidized by ozone was evaluated through a comparison with an oxide film oxidized by the conventional thermal oxidation method.
		Silicon substrates were placed on a quartz board and heated by infrared (IR) heating from the substrate, to the desired temperature.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200503/ai_n13504690 (932 words)

	Wet etching of silicon dioxide
		If the oxide is used as a high temperature mask for silicon processing, it has to be previously patterned at low temperature, with a resist-based microlithographic process.
		When a room temperature process must be made on silicon, the use of the oxide mask could be avoided, that is the resist can act direct as a mask for silicon.
		A typical example is given by the anisothopic etch of silicon, which is usually made in KOH (potassium hydroxide).
	www.microtechweb.com /kb/sio_etch.htm (765 words)

	Low temperature method of deposition silicon dioxide (US4572841)
		It has been found that by subjecting a source of silicon and an oxygen containing gaseous precursor to a glow discharge in the presence of an excess of hydrogen, a silicon dioxide film of substantially increased density can be deposited onto a substrate.
		Alternatively, where it is important to have an enhanced silicon to silicon dioxide interface, the process may comprise a first step of growing a silicon dioxide film between 50 and 1000.ANG.
		thick by low temperature plasma oxidation and a second step of depositing by glow discharge an additional thickness of silicon dioxide layer, which is produced from a plasma of a source of silicon and an oxygen-containing gaseous precursor, in an excess of hydrogen.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04572841__ (335 words)

	Silicon Dioxide
		Native silicon dioxide is a high-quality electrical insulator and can be used as a barrier material during impurity implants or diffusion, for electrical isolation of semiconductor devices, as a component in MOS transistors, or as an interlayer dielectric in multilevel metallization structures such as multichip modules.
		The ability to form a native oxide was one of the primary processing considerations which led to silicon becoming the dominant semiconductor material used in integrated circuits today.
		Thermal oxidation of silicon is easily achieved by heating the substrate to temperatures typically in the range of 900-1200 degrees C. The atmosphere in the furnace where oxidation takes place can either contain pure oxygen or water vapor.
	www.ece.gatech.edu /research/labs/vc/theory/oxide.html (733 words)

	EETimes.com - ST lights up silicon LED for CMOS fab lines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On the other hand, silicon dioxide does not have these problems; it allows high concentrations of erbium and is insulating at room temperature, allowing the erbium ions to remain charged with photon-generating carriers.
		Adding silicon nanoparticles let the researchers tune the insulating parameter of silicon dioxide, reducing operating voltage from 10 volts to between 2 V and 3 V while increasing the carrier mobility in the film.
		Excess silicon precipitates from the reaction, and with a careful adjustment of the proportions, pure crystalline nanoparticles of about 1 to 2 nanometers in diameter are created.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20021029S0027 (977 words)

	Nanotechnology and Future of Silicon, Technology & Research at Intel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The debate over whether silicon technology has reached its physical limit may be a tempest in a teapot — a very, very small teapot — if Intel's Sunlin Chou knows anything about the future of semiconductor manufacturing.
		Another is the replacement of silicon dioxide dielectric with low-k dielectric.
		Intel is already working on what is called "high-k dielectric" to replace silicon dioxide in its transistor gate structures and reduce gate leakage.
	www.intel.com /technology/silicon/si10031.htm (673 words)

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