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Topic: Silver(I) chloride

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Chloride

Lead(II) chloride

Cerium(III) chloride

Lithium chloride

Aluminum chloride

Strontium chloride

Zinc chloride

Calcium chloride

Radium chloride

Barium chloride

Sodium chloride

IUPAC name

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	Silver - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Sodium chloride, characteristic of the Augustin process in which the ores, after a chloridizing roast, were extracted with brine, and the silver precipitated by copper, has almost wholly fallen into disuse; and potassium cyanide, which has become a very important solvent for finely divided gold, is rarely used in leaching silver ores.
		This may be effected by mixing the dry chloridewith one-fifth of its weight of pure quicklime or one-third of its weight of dry sodium carbonate, and fusing the mixture in a, fire-clay crucible at a bright red heat.
		Silver chloride, AgC1, constitutes the mineral cerargyrite or horn silver; mixed with clay it is the butter-milk ore of the German miners.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Silver (6865 words)

	silver chloride - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Besides use in photography, silver chloride is used in silver plating, and silver iodide is used for seeding clouds.
		The chloride, bromide, and iodide occur naturally as the minerals cerargyrite, bromyrite, and iodyrite, respectively.
		Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in lightweight aggregate high-strength fly ash concrete.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-silverch.html (356 words)

	Silver chloride electrode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The electrode is a silver wire that is coated with a thin layer of silver chloride either by electroplating or by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride.
		The silver-silver chloride reference electrode develops a potential proportional to the chloride concentration, whether it is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride or some other chloride salt.
		Potassium chloride is the most widely used electrolyte because it does not generally interfere with pH measurements and the mobility of the potassium and chloride ions are nearly equal.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /References/silver.htm (406 words)

	Chapter 13. Silver-Salts of Silver
		Chloride of silver may be reduced, also, by fusing it with seventy per cent of chalk, together with four or five per cent of charcoal.
		After the chloride has been thus completely decomposed, the remaining zinc is withdrawn, and the precipitate is washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, until there is no longer any precipitate formed in the decanted fluid by means either of ammonia or of sulphide of ammonium.
		Other Uses of Chloride of Silver.--The solution used in galvano-plasty, or electrolysis, for plating with silver is made by dissolving in a saturated solution of cyanide of potassium the moist and undecomposed chloride of silver to saturation, and then diluting this solution by four or five times its bulk of water.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap13.html (3332 words)

	Silver chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silver chloride (also called silver(I) chloride) is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgCl and is composed of one silver and one chlorine ion.
		Silver chloride is a white crystalline solid, one of the few metal chlorides insoluble in water.
		Silver chloride is one of the silver halides used in photographic film and photographic paper manufacturing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silver_chloride (209 words)

	Grass-Telefactor KnowledgeBase - Rechloride Ag/AgCl Electrodes
		Since the chloriding process deposits chloride ions on the silver surface, care must be taken during handling and storage to avoid scratching or abrading the electrode surface, which will remove part of the chloride surface.
		Connect the electrode to be chlorided in the (+) positive terminal of a 1.5 volt battery and the other electrode to the (-) negative terminal.
		To preserve the chlorided surface when not in use, it is recommended that the electrodes be stored in a salt solution, such as a sterile saline solution.
	www.grass-telefactor.com /knowledgebase/sterile7.html (286 words)

	Silver halide photographic industrial radiography suitable for various processing applications - Patent 5445927
		By emulsion layer(s) containing chloride is understood an emulsion of silver chloride, silver chloroiodide, silver chlorobromide and silver chlorobromoiodide or a mixture of at least two thereof.
		For film materials comprising silver chloride rich and silver brom(oiod)ide emulsions in accordance with the present invention it is possible to use sodium thiosulphate as a fixing agent, thus avoiding the ecologically undesired ammonium ions normally used.
		A gelatino silver chloride emulsion comprising 99.6 mole % of chloride and 0.4 mole % of iodide was prepared by a double-jet technique as for emulsion A. The average grain size now was 0.57.mu.m as obtained by a reduction of the flow rate of the aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and of chloride.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5445927.html (5483 words)

	sodium chloride and silver nitrate
		The mixing of solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride results in the formation of a mixture composed of a solution of sodium nitrate and a silver chloride precipitate.
		The blue-grey balls are sodium ions and the green balls are chloride ions
		It shows silver chloride solid, sodium ions and nitrate ions.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA1/R1MAIN/CD1R2480.HTM (224 words)

	Reference Electrodes
		The Nernst equation for the silver/silver chloride electrode is
		Since there is generally a large chloride concentration gradient across the reference electrode frit, there is slow diffusion of chloride ions from the reference electrode solution into the sample solution; that is, the reference potential will gradually change when used.
		Tetraethylammonium chloride has also been used as the reference electrode electrolyte, since it is soluble in both aqueous and non-aqueous media (such reference electrodes are not available commercially).
	www.epsilon-web.net /Ec/manual/Maintenance/reference.html (2066 words)

	Truth About Ionic Silver
		Silver chloride is a compound that is formed when silver ions combine with chloride ions.
		Silver ions and chloride ions have such a strong attraction for each other that it is almost impossible to keep them apart.
		Silver chloride is an insoluble salt that does not dissolve inside the body once it has formed.
	www.silver-colloids.com /Pubs/AboutIonic.html (1146 words)

	Toward Sustainability of Silver Saturation for Ceramic Water Purifiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Application procedures with silver nitrate and with silver chloride meet different, important demands in the practicality of their production, so both forms of silver are presented.
		Meanwhile, test series for silver nitrate and silver chloride are just several of the forms of silver, and their processing methods, which are under consideration.
		With a bit of math we find that for some of the C candles the silver, by weight, is about one third that of A. In the case of silver chloride candles, thirty were tested, and all indicated 100% removal of e coli.
	www.purifier.com.np /silveralts.htm (1336 words)

	Silver
		Soluble chlorides, such as hydrochloric acid, precipitate silver ion as white silver(I) chloride.
		Silver(I) chloride is insoluble in acids, including HNO
		No reaction occurs on addition of sulfate ion unless the concentration of Ag is high, in which case silver(I) sulfate precipitates.
	www.public.asu.edu /~jpbirk/qual/qualanal/silver.html (83 words)

	Silver ref
		In the silver / silver chloride reference that ion is silver I (Ag The metal consists of a lattice structure of positive silver ions (Ag) and loosely held negative electrons.
		The silver concentration in the presence of solid silver chloride also depends on the concentration of chloride ion in the solution.
		Common concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) are one molar and saturated (4.1M).
	www.tannerm.com /ag_ref.htm (2006 words)

	Gaia Research - Colloidal Silver Part 1
		Frank is conveniently ignoring the role of aqueous ammonia when simplistically claiming that silver chloride (AgCl) formed on contact of ionic colloidal silver with stomachic hydrochloric acid is insoluble and hence inactive in the body, indeed not assimilated at all.
		Frank also ignores the significant chloride secretory inhibition effect of ammonium at the epithelium of the colonic mucosa where silver must be at its smallest molecular potential in order to be assimilated.
		Frank assumed that the major silver excretion was unabsorbed silver chloride in the feces, but Roger actually observed, first high urinary levels, followed by high fecal excretion, putting a lid on that one of Frank's flights of fantasy.
	www.gaiaresearch.co.za /silver.html (5071 words)

	Society of American Silversmiths - Silver Processing
		A typical brazing alloy composition is 50 percent silver, 34 percent copper, and 16 percent zinc.
		Between 25 and 40 percent of industrial silver is consumed in the production of the photosensitive chemicals silver chloride and silver bromide.
		These silver salts are prepared by adding sodium chloride or sodium bromide to a very pure solution of silver nitrate.
	www.silversmithing.com /1silverprocessing.htm (1886 words)

	CR Scientific: Articles: Experiment in Small-scale Silver Recovery
		The silver chloride was then solubilized by adding three or four crystals of sodium thiosulfate to the water and stirring with a glass rod.
		B: precipitating silver chloride to separate it from copper chloride, etc.; the AgCl is redissolved by thiosulfate, and then the silver is deposited out from the resulting solution by either spontaneous or electrolytic deposition.
		One source of chloride ions was probably the general-purpose flux used on the silver bracelet during an unsuccessful attempt at silver-soldering it.
	www.crscientific.com /article-silver.html (2827 words)

	Chloride Arizona, Living Ghost Town - History
		Many metals were actually mined in Chloride including gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium with silver being the predominate ore. Soldiers from Fort Mohave were more interested in the gold and silver than maintaining law and order.
		The Butterfield Stage served Chloride from 1868 through 1919 and the Santa Fe Railroad came into town from 1898 until 1935.
		Population in Chloride was over 2,000 people during the high point of mines; 1900 to 1920.
	www.chlorideaz.com /history.html (354 words)

	Colloidal Science Laboratory, process development and analytical measurements for colloids
		This is because silver ions readily combine with chloride ions to form silver chloride, which is an insoluble silver compound.
		Chloride ions are the most prevalent anion in the human body and are found in high concentration due to the sodium and potassium chloride content of human serum.
		While the highly reactive nature of silver ions prevents them from surviving inside the human body due to the chloride ions, silver ions are very effective if there are no chloride ions in the environment.
	www.colloidalsciencelab.com /labMesosilver.htm (1075 words)

	Silver Chloride Mining photo - Peg Price photos at pbase.com
		Chloride is the oldest continuously inhabited mining town in the state of Arizona.
		Sitting in the Cerbat (sir-bat) Mountains, Chloride's name came from the silver chloride found in the hills.
		Silver chloride is used today in "photographic emulsions and antiseptic silver solutions".
	www.pbase.com /image/53447061 (147 words)

	Silver Colloids: Definition of Terms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The liquid-junction potential is also minimized by the use of high concentration potassium chloride as the filling solution of the reference electrodes, because the diffusion rate of both ions is very closely the same in these solutions.
		Silver chloride molecules are draw to each other by van der Waals' force of attraction to form every larger particles.
		Consequently, the solubility of silver chloride is less in a solution containing potassium chloride than in pure water.
	silver-colloids.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Papers/definitions.html (10948 words)

	Silver Conservation
		Silver chloride is generally not extensive on silver recovered from salt water.
		When a direct current is applied, the negatively charged chloride and sulfide ions migrate toward the positively charged anode.
		The chlorides may form as chlorine in the solution, and the sulfides oxidize to sulfates.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /class/anth605/File13.htm (4021 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Silver
		It is found in the environment combined with other elements such as sulfide, chloride, and nitrate.
		Pure silver is "silver" colored, but silver nitrate and silver chloride are powdery white and silver sulfide and silver oxide are dark-gray to fl.
		Silver is often found as a by-product during the retrieval of copper, lead, zinc, and gold ores.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts146.html (897 words)

	Reference Electrodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The internal reference element is normally a silver-silver chloride electrode or a calomel electrode.
		It is less prone to contamination because the mercury/mercurous chloride interface is protected inside a tube not in direct contact with the electrolyte.
		In early times this reference was widely used where chloride leaching from conventional flowing silver/silver chloride or calomel references was incompatible with the sample e.g.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/refelectrodes.htm (2100 words)

	Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode
		The silver/silver chloride or Ag/AgCl reference electrode is many electrochemists' reference electrode of choice.
		The old silver chloride coating can be removed by soaking the wire in conc.
		The references, cited below, contain several tables and equations representing the Standard Potential of silver-silver chloride electrodes at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 95°C. These tables and equations must be used with care, however.
	www.consultrsr.com /resources/ref/agcl.htm (1048 words)

	What Is Ionic Silver?
		If some ionic silver were ever able to get into the bloodstream it would encounter a large supply of chloride ions owing to the fact that blood serum is rich in sodium and potassium chloride, again quickly forming silver chloride.
		Silver chloride is eliminated by the kidneys and expelled through the urine, but it also has its dangers.
		Metallic silver nanoparticles are unaffected by chloride ions and will circulate in the bloodstream where it is believed they work their magic.
	www.purestcolloids.com /ionic.htm (1722 words)

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