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Topic: Silver Fir

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	FIR - LoveToKnow Article on FIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The firs are distinguished from the pines and larches by having their needle-like leaves placed singly on the shoots, instead of growing in clusters from a sheath on a dwarf branch.
		In the genus Abies, the silver firs, the cones are erect, and their scales drop off when the seed ripens; the leaves spread in distinct rows on each side of the shoot.
		Of the A bies group, the silver fir (A. pectinata), may be taken as the type,a lofty tree, rivalling the Norway spruce in size, with large spreading horizontal boughs curving upward toward the extremities.
	93.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FI/FIR.htm (4954 words)

	Fir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Firs (Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae.
		Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the fact that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical cones 5-25 cm long that disintegrate at maturity to release the winged seeds.
		The wood of most firs is considered inferior, and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood and rough timber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fir (417 words)

	Silver Fir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba) is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, and south to southern Italy and northern Serbia, where it intergrades with the closely related Bulgarian Fir.
		It is closely related to Bulgarian Fir (Abies borisiiregis) to the southeast in the Balkan Peninsula and Sicilian Fir (A.
		Silver Fir is the species first used as a Christmas tree, but has been largely replaced by Nordmann Fir (which has denser, more attractive foliage), Norway Spruce (which is much cheaper to grow), and other species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silver_Fir (306 words)

	Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver fir is a large evergreen Himalayarn pine tree attaining a considerable height and girth.
		Silver fir can be easily identified in the field by mature tree's graceful tallness, dark green needle-like foliage, smooth silver white bark of young poles and dark grey to greyish brown, deeply cleft and vertically fissured bark of mature trees.
		The leaves of silver fir are 5 to 7 cm long, thin and linear-like flattened needles, arranged on woody twigs in two opposite vertical rows.
	www.freeindiamedia.com /agriculture/1_july_agri.htm (825 words)

	[No title]
		ABIES PINDROW, PINDROW FIR ABIES SIBIRICA, SIBERIAN FIR ABIES SACHALINENSIS, SAGHALIEN FIR ABIES FIRMA, JAPANESE FIR ABIFS HOMOLEPIS.....
		The silver firs are natives of the temperate parts of the northern hemisphere, usually occurring in mountainous regions ; attaining high elevations towards the south, as in Guatemala, Algeria, Himalayas, and Formosa; and descending to low levels in the extreme north, as Alaska, Labrador, and Siberia.
		The silver fir also occurs in Sicily in small quantity, on the higher mountains, and specimens without cones, which I saw in the museum at Florence, are peculiar in the foliage, and form possibly a connecting link between A. pectinata and A. numidica.
	djvued.libs.uga.edu /text/4tgbitxt.txt (19602 words)

	Silver Fir -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The (Cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts) cones are 9-17 cm long and 3-4 cm broad, with about 150-200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged (A small hard fruit) seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds.
		It is closely related to (additional info and facts about Bulgarian Fir) Bulgarian Fir (Abies borisiiregis) to the southeast in the (A large peninsula in southeastern Europe containing the Balkan Mountain Range) Balkan Peninsula and (additional info and facts about Sicilian Fir) Sicilian Fir (A.
		The (The hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees) wood is moderately soft and white, used for general construction and (A material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses) paper manufacture.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/silver_fir.htm (270 words)

	Silver Fir
		The silver fir is the first solar tree of the year.
		The silver fir is one of the tallest trees in Europe, sometimes over 160 feet tall.
		Silver firs are rarely cultivated in North America, but several similar native species are.
	www.blueroebuck.com /silverfir.htm (319 words)

	Species:
		The seeds of Pacific silver fir are eaten by birds, rodents, and squirrels [59,63].
		Pacific silver fir can grow where the water table is near the surface during the growing season if the soil is well aerated, thick, and/or with wood accumulations on top of the mineral soil [59].
		Pacific silver fir occurs at a maximum of 7,000 feet (2,120 m) in the southern part of its range and at a maximum of 1,000 feet (330 m) in the northern part of its range [14,22,24,27,51].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/abiama/all.html (5608 words)

	Boy Scout Camps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The terrain is dense fir and cedar forest with scattered granite boulders.
		Silver Fir is a base camp used by troops and posts hiking the Silver Fir Trail and Dinkey Lakes Loop.
		Silver Fir also provides units with vehicle security, refrigeration for food that units may want when they get off the trail, and a place to spend the night before returning home.
	www.southernsierrabsa.org /adventure/summer_camps.html (2246 words)

	EUFORGEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The major portion of the fir area is primarily linked to the Dinara mountain chain - Velika Kapela and Mala Kapela, the largest part of Velebit, the northern slopes of Dinara and Kamenica, and an isolated enclave on the northern slopes of Biokovo.
		Silver fir is economically the most important but at the same time the most endangered coniferous species in Croatia.
		The most dangerous silver fir defoliator is Argyresthia fundella F. R., a pest that caused particulary extensive damage in the periods 1954-1957 and 1965-1972.
	www.ipgri.cgiar.org /networks/euforgen/Networks/viewreport.asp?recordcount=2&pktxtMeetingAcronym=CN02&pktxtCountryCty=HRV (2078 words)

	Mount Rainier National Park: The Forests of Mount Rainier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is abundant in the park at elevations from 2,500 to 5,000 feet on level bench lands, and gentle slopes with a northern exposure.
		In dense forests the stem is free from branches for 50 to 100 feet.
		The silver fir is grown in Europe as an ornamental tree.
	www.nps.gov /mora/RDPayne1/fomr6e.htm (270 words)

	Regional review PacificNorthwest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) replaces western red cedar in the western hemlock-silver fir zone, which grades to mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), and Alaskan yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatinsis) in the subalpine zone and extends up to the alpine zone, about 1800 m above sea level.
		Douglas-fir dominates at the mid elevations on the east side, whereas hemlock and silver fir occur on the west side.
		The Pacific silver fir zone lies between the temperate mesophytic western hemlock zone and the subalpine mountain hemlock zone at about 900-1300 m in elevation.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /air/pubs/PacificNW.Review/Chap8_3.html (607 words)

	Wildcat Mountain Research Natural Area plus expansion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) are also common.
		The 212 ha expansion to the RNA was established to fulfill the need for a first to third order stream system in the Pacific Silver Fir Zone.
		Late-successional Pacific silver fir forests, as well as cliff, talus, rock garden, and mesic meadow communities are also present in the expansion.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /rna/sites/wildcatmountain.htm (249 words)

	Ailm - Silver Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver Fir - The silver fir (Abies alba Miller) is one of the tallest trees native to Europe, sometimes exceeding 160 feet tall.
		Like most conifers, it is evergreen, and like other firs it produces cones that fall apart while they are still on the tree.
		Silver firs are seldom cultivated in North America, but several similar native species are.
	www.cyberwitch.com /Wychwood/SacredWood/ailm.htm (117 words)

	silver fir -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "silver fir" when you join.
		True firs are native to North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.
		(or grand fir, or lowland white fir), evergreen tree (Abies grandis) of the pine family, native from Vancouver Island to California and Montana; grows 80 ft to 200 ft (24 m to 60 m); leaves to 2 in.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9067813?tocId=9067813 (771 words)

	Steamboat Mountain Research Natural Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A Pacific silver fir/big huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum)/beargrass (Nolina) community is found on the upper two thirds of the southwest slope and on a portion of the northeast slope of Steamboat Mountain.
		The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) - noble fir (Abies procera) community dominates a band of forest at the base of the southwestern slope with big huckleberry as the most common shrub.
		A Pacific silver fir/ Cascades azalea (Rhododendron albiflorum) association dominates the slopes on the cooler, northern side of the mountain.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /rna/sites/steamboatmountain.htm (264 words)

	Abies amabilis english
		Pacific Silver Fir is native to the Pacific Coast region from Alaska south to western Oregon and locally in northwestern California (Siskiyou County).
		Pacific Silver Fir commonly grows to heights of 200 feet with a diameter of 2 feet.
		Working Properties: Pacific Silver Fir is easy to work, is moderately low in nail withdrawal resistance, is good in paint holding properties and is easily glued.
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/ABIESAmabili.html (420 words)

	Sister Rocks Research Natural Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pacific silver fir, often found in pure stands, dominates the entire tract, with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) as the common associate.
		Noble fir (Abies procera) is also present, although snags and stumps suggest that the species was once more common, and a young stand of noble fir, mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) occurs with Pacific silver fir at the southern edge of the area.
		Douglas fir and noble fir occur only as large, old specimens, and western hemlock, generally a very tolerant species, is also failing to reproduce in significant numbers.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /rna/sites/sister_rocks.htm (212 words)

	White Fir - Abies concolor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The White Fir is 60-100 feet tall and can live up to 300 years making it a very large forest tree.
		The bark is ashy gray with resin blisters.You can find the White Fir in most of the western regions of North America.
		The most used part of the White fir is the wood, which is used as lumber.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /white_fir.htm (199 words)

	Silver Fir Cones A Story from The Hartz Mountains, Germany by Sheryl Ann Karas
		So the woman replaced the fir cones she had gathered and went to the next forest as the dwarf had instructed.
		The children kept the silver cone when they were older and their children kept it after them.
		The people of the same region of the Hartz Mountains keep a silver fir cone in their dressers to this day as a reminder of the kindness of Gubich, the King of the Dwarfs.
	www.spiritoftrees.org /folktales/karas/silver_fir_cones.html (809 words)

	Abies sp. The fir tree
		The firs are evergreens which prefer cold climates (although most species recommended for bonsai by the books are relatively heat-tolerant.) They are pyramidal trees which usually grow to 50 ft. or taller in the wild.
		Firs need to be acclimated to pot culture, so they should be planted in oversized pots and introduced into small pots gradually.
		Abies balsamea: balsam fir, soapbubble tree -- The foliage is flat like hemlock and yew, bright to dark green, with a white stripe on the underside of the needles.
	www.bonsaiweb.com /care/faq/abies.html (3514 words)

	DCQ Fall Equinox '98 -- The Rare Santa Lucia Fir
		To the north populations are scattered from Skinner's Ridge to Miller's Canyon, with additional populations east of Tassajara Road in Anastasia Canyon and in the canyon of Calaboose Creek.
		David Douglas and Thomas Coulter sent their Santa Lucia Fir specimens to England, where the specific name venusta was applied to the Douglas specimen, and bracteata to the Coulter specimen (during the 1800's the species was bounced around between the genera Pinus [pine], Abies [fir] and Picea [spruce]).
		Santa Lucia Firs are now widely distributed in botanical and private gardens, but for reasons unknown, garden specimens frequently do not exhibit the narrowly conical crowns which are so typical of the trees of the Santa Lucia Mountains.
	www.ventanawild.org /news/fe98/slfirs.html (1786 words)

	fir on Encyclopedia.com
		Firs, valued and cultivated for their fragrance and beauty, are found chiefly in alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
		Fir wood is usually light and soft but is sometimes used for interior finishing and for crates and boxes.
		Firs are classified in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, order Coniferales.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/fir.asp (335 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Abies amabilis
		Identifying Characters: The cones of Pacific Silver Fir are purple and the brachts are not visible; needles are deep green above and silvery below, and arise from both the twig's outer and top sides; Pacific Silver Fir is restricted to the Pacific Northwest.
		Similar Species: Similar to Grand Fir, but cones of Grand Fir green, not purple; bark of younger specimens of Grand Fir brown, not gray; needles of White Fir arising from outer margin of twig and curving upward, not arising from both sides and top of twig.
		Native Range: Pacific Silver Fir is found in southeastern Alaska, in coastal British Columbia and Vancouver Island, and along the western and upper eastern slopes of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon.
	www.neartica.com /trees/conifer/abies/Aamab.htm (330 words)

	ICPP98 Paper Number 6.121 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On Durmitor, the damage was especially noticed in silver fir stands above Lake jablan (altitude between 1750 and 2000 m).
		Since 1992, when this fungus was recognized for the first time, the material has been collected several times in silver fir stands in the region of the National Park Durmitor and in the region of the National Park Biogradska Gora.
		Experiments with artificial inoculations (conidia suspension) of fir seedlings in controlled conditions showed that this fungus is a very aggressive parasite.Needle infections were successful on all the silver fir plants held in incubators at 100 and 160C.
	www.bspp.org.uk /icpp98/6/121.html (563 words)

	Littleflowers Medicinal Plants- Red Fir
		Pacific silver fir is also found in the Olympic Mountains of Washington.
		The crown is rigid and symmetrical with lateral branches perpendicular to the stem.
		The seeds are eaten by birds, rodents, and squirrels, however, it is the least preferred of trees browsed by elk.
	www.geocities.com /littleflowers_medicinal_plants/red_fir.html (1098 words)

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