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Topic: Silver chloride

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	Silver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silver is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ag (from the traditional abbreviation for the Latin Argentum) and atomic number 47.
		Silver is found in native form, combined with sulfur, arsenic, antimony, or chlorine and in various ores such as argentite (Ag) and horn silver (AgCl).
		Silver and compounds containing silver can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues leading to the condition called argyria which results in a permanent grayish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silver (1261 words)

	Silver chloride electrode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver chloride is slightly soluble in strong potassium chloride solutions, so it is sometimes recommended the potassium chloride be saturated with silver chloride to avoid stripping the silver chloride off the silver wire.
		The electrode is a silver wire that is coated with a thin layer of silver chloride either by electroplating or by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride.
		Potassium chloride is the most widely used electrolyte because it does not generally interfere with pH measurements and the mobility of the potassium and chloride ions are nearly equal.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /References/silver.htm (406 words)

	silver chloride on Encyclopedia.com
		Besides use in photography, silver chloride is used in silver plating, and silver iodide is used for seeding clouds.
		The chloride, bromide, and iodide occur naturally as the minerals cerargyrite, bromyrite, and iodyrite, respectively.
		Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in lightweight aggregate high-strength fly ash concrete.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/silverch.asp (407 words)

	Color image-forming high silver chloride color photographic material having improved spectral sensitivity and silver ...
		Silver halide mainly containing silver bromide and having been predominantly used in the past are disadvantageous in principle with respect to rapid processing, since bromide ion to be released upon development of silver bromide has development-inhibiting properties.
		Bleaching difficulty of the silver deposits produced from high silver chloride emulsions in comparison with that from low silver chloride emulsions is attributed to the difference in the shape of silver deposits based on observation of these silver deposits using an electron microscope.
		Silver halide grains to be used in the present invention may be of a regular crystal form or shape such as cubic, octahedral, dodecahedral or tetradecahedral, or may be of irregular crystal form or shape, such as spherical, or in a mixed form thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4837140.html (11247 words)

	Encyclopedia: Silver chloride
		The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.
		Silver chloride (also called silver(I) chloride) is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgCl.
		The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 25 degrees Celsius and 100 kilopascals).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Silver-chloride (782 words)

	Re: When a silver chloride sample is put in light, what happens to the sample?
		Pure silver chloride really only absorbs up to a little over 400 nm, which is barely in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, so in practice dyes are added to the grains to absorb more visible light and transfer the energy absorbed direct to the grain.
		That is silver (Ag) atoms with a positive charge (having given up an electron), and an equal number of chloride ions which are chlorine atoms with a negative charge (having obtained the electron that the silver gave up).
		The silver atoms catalyse the reduction of the whole grain by the developer (a reducing agent) so that it is all converted to metallic silver before neighbouring grains which had no exposure and therefore no silver atoms even start to get reduced.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1999-12/945709178.Ch.r.html (744 words)

	Silver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver chloride has interesting optical properties as it can be made transparent; it also is a cement for glass.
		Silver nitrate, or lunar caustic, the most important silver compound, is used extensively in photography.
		Silver compounds can be absorbed in the circulatory system and reduced silver deposited in the various tissues of the body.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/silver.html (695 words)

	Silver Conservation
		Silver is a very noble metal and is often found in a native state combined with gold, tin, copper, and platinum.
		Silver chloride is generally not extensive on silver recovered from salt water.
		During electrolysis, the reduced silver corrosion layers regenerated on the surface of the metal in formic acid are left in granular or particulated layers, which are physically weak and tend to separate from the metallic core.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /class/anth605/File13.htm (4021 words)

	Argyria \| Argyrosis \| Cosmetic Argyria \| Cure for Argyria
		Argyria is a condition resulting from the build-up of silver in the tissues of the body, and cosmetic argyria is a bronzing, bluing or graying of the skin, predominantly caused by silver deposited into the layers of skin.
		Silver salts and silver proteins have received most of the attention primarily because of medicinal usage and experimentation in silver toxicity.
		Not only is this "silver chloride mud" less effective by far than a properly made isolated silver, but it contains an abundance of actual metallic silver particles (some small to the point of being invisible to the human eye), which vastly increases the risk of argyria based solely on the amount of silver ingested.
	www.silvermedicine.org /argyria.html (2426 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Silver
		Pure silver is "silver" colored, but silver nitrate and silver chloride are powdery white and silver sulfide and silver oxide are dark-gray to fl.
		Silver is often found as a by-product during the retrieval of copper, lead, zinc, and gold ores.
		Silver builds up in the body, and the best way to learn if past exposure has occurred is to look for silver in samples of skin.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts146.html (905 words)

	argyria colloidal silver silver chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver chloride is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution.
		Silver chloride is extremely effective in the body and there are many medical studies that prove it.
		While silver chloride was a reliable antiseptic, it did not perform as well as the colloidal silver (in a petri dish).
	www.silverprotects.com /chloride.html (1377 words)

	Silver Chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		apparently a silver chloride gel is used for bioelectric electrodes.
		The silver-silver chloride electrode is the most common due to its ease of manufacture and its superior temperature range, actually usable even above 130°C. The electrode is a silver wire that is coated with a thin layer of silver chloride either by electroplating or by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride.
		Polyvinyl chloride was accidentally discovered on at least two occasions in the 19th century, first in 1838 by Henri Victor Regnault and in 1872 by Eugen Baumann.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/164/silver-chloride.html (1257 words)

	Microperfusion chamber assembly with base comprising silver chloride coated silver - US Patent 6117291 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The silver chloride layer 92 is applied to the surface of the silver disk 90 by placing the silver disk 90 in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and electrolyzing the disk for 2 hours while it is connected as the anode and utilizing a separate silver wire as the cathode.
		The silver wire 96 is electrically connected to the reference electrode, which comprises the silver disk 90 and the silver chloride layer 92.
		The pellet electrode 124 is formed of a mixture of silver and silver chloride compressed around a silver wire, obtained from IN VIVO METRIC, Calif. A wire from the electrode 124 is connected directly to the amplifier headstage 78, shown in FIG.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6117291.html (8190 words)

	Toward Sustainability of Silver Saturation for Ceramic Water Purifiers
		Meanwhile, test series for silver nitrate and silver chloride are just several of the forms of silver, and their processing methods, which are under consideration.
		Weight of silver per candle is shown, from type A to C. From A., with too much silver, at too high a cost, we proceeded with testing, through C. Thus we begin to arrive at a sufficiently low cost of silver per purifier, which still indicates 100% effective removal.
		With a bit of math we find that for some of the C candles the silver, by weight, is about one third that of A. In the case of silver chloride candles, thirty were tested, and all indicated 100% removal of e coli.
	www.purifier.com.np /silveralts.htm (1336 words)

	[No title]
		The titration of chloride with a silver nitrate standard is in a class of titrations called precipitation titrations.
		The reaction of chloride with silver (I) ions to form insoluble silver chloride (Ksp = 1.82 x 10-10) is quite useful because the precipitation is complete and fairly rapid.
		The silver chloride precipitate is also colloidal in nature, which results in a precipitate with a large surface area.
	www.sou.edu /chem/faculty/petrovic/currentdoc/Chloride_2003.doc (893 words)

	Silver Colloids: Colloidal Silver Product Reports
		Typically, 90% of the silver content is in the form of ionic silver and the remaining 10% of the silver content is in the form of silver particles.
		Silver ions are not the same as silver particles and the two terms are not interchangeable.
		Because ionic silver products contain a low percentage of their silver content in the form of particles, they all have a fairly low particle surface area relative to the total silver content.
	www.silver-colloids.com /Reports/reports.html (4295 words)

	Silver Chloride: Helping Us Get the Picture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The chemical symbol for silver is Ag, short for the Latin word for this element--argentum.
		Silver chloride, silver bromide (AgBr) and silver iodide (AgI) are the three silver "halide" compounds used in photography.
		The light sensitivity of the silver halides is key to the photographic process.
	www.science-education.org /classroom_activities/chlorine_compound/silver.html (590 words)

	Photochemistry: Silver
		Silver nitrate solution is poured into a dish containing a piece of filter paper.
		When sodium chloride solution is added, the paper becomes coated with a layer of solid silver chloride.
		When the paper is exposed to the light from a burning magnesium ribbon, the paper darkens due to photodecomposition of the silver chloride, which produces silver metal.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/PHOTOAG/PAGE1.HTM (368 words)

	Articles - Silver chloride
		Silver chloride (also called silver(I) chloride) is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgCl and is composed of one silver and one chlorine molecule.
		Silver chloride is a white crystalline solid, one of the few metal chlorides insoluble in water.
		Silver chloride is one of the silver halides used in photographic film and photographic paper manufacturing.
	www.sterlingsilvercenter.com /articles/Silver_chloride (138 words)

	Disposition of Single Use Silver/Silver Chloride Patient Electrodes
		The silver/silver chloride gel increases the conductivity between the electrode and the skin.
		Because of the presence of silver, the disposition of these types of electrodes has generated some confusion.
		A waste with a silver concentration of 5.0 mg/L (or greater) as determined by the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as hazardous waste.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /hmwp/Factsheets/electrod.html (340 words)

	AllRefer.com - silver chloride, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		silver chloride, chemical compound, AgCl, a white cubic crystalline solid.
		Both the bromide and iodide are less soluble in water and more sensitive to light than the chloride.
		The bromide forms light yellow cubic crystals; the iodide forms yellow hexagonal or yellow-orange cubic crystals, depending on the temperature.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/silverch.html (294 words)

	More Information about our Silver Chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silver Ions (Ag) are purified to a minimum of 99.95% by weight.
		The Silver Chloride is then rinsed with hot water, removing any stray Lead, Copper and Nickel.
		The wet Silver Chloride is filtered by suction to remove most of the water.
	www.saltlakemetals.com /MoreInfoSilverChloride.htm (321 words)

	Heat stabilized silver chloride photographic emulsions containing sulfur donors and sulfinate compounds - Patent 5536633
		Photographic emulsions that have a high silver chloride content are prone to fog increase due to high temperature and humidity during storage.
		The sulfur donors and sulfinate compounds of this invention may be added to the silver halide emulsion at any time during the preparation of the emulsion, i.e., during precipitation, during or before chemical sensitization or during final melting and co-mixing of the emulsion and additives for coating.
		A chemically and blue spectrally sensitized monodisperse silver chloride negative emulsion having yellow dye-forming coupler.alpha.-(4-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl-sulfonyl)phenoxy)-.alpha.(pivalyl)-2-chloro -5-(.gamma.-(2,4-di-5-amylphenoxy)butyramido)acetanilide (1.08 g/m.sup.2) in di-n-butylphthalate coupler solvent (0.27 g/m.sup.2) and gelatin (1.51 g/m.sup.2) was prepared.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5536633.html (6499 words)

	Electrodes - Silver-Silver Chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Silver-Silver Chloride electrode has been shown to possess superior characteristics to that of unchlorided silver electrodes when used for recording low level AC and DC potentials.
		Chlorided silver electrodes present less low frequency "noise" than either gold or silver electrodes.
		The Grass Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes are constructed of pure silver and then chlorided to provide the stability and low noise characteristics.
	www.grass-telefactor.com /products/electrodes/electsilvsilv.html (295 words)

	[No title]
		After all the chloride has been precipitated, the silver nitrate reacts with the potassium chromate to form an orange-colored silver chromate precipitate, making the end point of the titration.
		Soils that are very alkaline or may contain high amounts of chloride from the introduction of a tracer, may require diluting or change in aliquot to give reproducible data.
		Calculate the mg/L of chloride (Cl-) in water and wastewater to the nearest hundredth place.
	soils.ag.uidaho.edu /pedology/Analyses/Chloride.doc (790 words)

	silver
		Silver is almost always monovalent in its compounds, but an oxide, a fluoride, and a sulfide of divalent silver are known.
		Large quantities are used for silver utensils and jewelry, and in plating tableware electrolytically from a solution of sodium silver cyanide.
		Coin silver is an alloy consisting of 90% silver and 10% copper.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0845253.html (479 words)

	Testing for halide ions
		The precipitates are the insoluble silver halides - silver chloride, silver bromide or silver iodide.
		The ammonia combines with silver ions to produce a complex ion called the diamminesilver(I) ion, [Ag(NH This is a reversible reaction, but the complex is very stable, and the position of equilibrium lies well to the right.
		The silver iodide is so insoluble that the ammonia won't lower the silver ion concentration enough for the precipitate to dissolve.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /inorganic/group7/testing.html (764 words)

	The Activity Coefficient of Sodium Chloride in a Simulated Pore Solution Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The potential of silver\silver chloride electrodes depends mainly on the chloride ion activity in the surrounding electrolyte, and therefore it should be possible to use these electrodes as a non-destructive method of obtaining the chloride ion activity in cement and concrete structures.
		A molar solution of sodium chloride was added to 100ml of deionised water using a one ml graduated pipette with a least count of 0.01 ml.
		Four silver/silver chloride electrodes were then rinsed with deionised water and immersed into this solution and their potential against a saturated calomel electrode was recorded.
	www.virginia.edu /cese/vol1/paper2/paper2.htm (1262 words)

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